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EN
The article presents an excerpt of empirical research conducted among a group of Poles who have emigrated to Austria within the last 40 years (since the 1970s until 2010). It shows the individual dimension of the emigrants' professional situation. It answers the questions of how did emigration influence the professional career of Poles in Austria? How did they manage in the Austrian labour market? What did they achieve in the professional sphere? Does the time of emigration diversify their professional situation or is it insignificant? It also answers the question about the way in which socio-demographic factors diversify the professional situation. In general, people taking part in the research improved their professional standing and, consequently, their financial situation improved considerably as well.
EN
In Polish literature and the literature of the Polish community abroad Erazm Jerzmanowski is often presented as "the man who illuminated America". Although this definition is slightly overstated in the interpretation of his role, the influence of his inventive ideas on the technology of lighting-gas production is worth noting. He introduced two significant improvements in this field and giving them his name ensured a permanent place for him in the history of gas industry. He successfully put into practice his inventive ideas. The fact that he managed to bring to perfection a faulty and expensive technology of lighting-gas production in the circumstances of high competition, making it the basis of monopoly and earning high profits from it for many years, is evidence of his unusual sense of inventiveness and spirit of entrepreneurship. This way he gained a fortune for charity. He became actively involved in supporting Polish national organizations not only in America but also in Europe. Because this aspect of the career of the "gas baron", as he was sometimes named in the American press of those days, has been relatively well recognized and described in Polish historiography, I concentrated on technical and business aspects of Jerzmanowski's career. The analysis of the character of his innovations in gas production and evaluation of their real significance, as well as recognition of the scope of his business undertakings, was made through studies of basic sources as patents, press releases and technical literature of those times, and is an original addendum to the state of knowledge about that prominent Polish inventor.
EN
The article sums up the achievements of the historical circle of Polish Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate during the last century. It indicates the foundations of the Oblate historiography, which include the most important archival collections both in Poland and abroad, as well as studies by the most important Polish Oblate historians. Both achievements of historians-professionals and historians-amateurs are discussed. Several thematic aspects of the Oblate historiography are pointed to: basic syntheses, hagiographic and biographic works, studies on the work of Polish Oblates abroad. Also the main directions of further studies and their significance for the Church historiography in Poland are briefly discussed.
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