Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 14

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  POLISH MIGRANTS
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
Although Poland has been a country of emigration for many decades, Ireland has only recently become a destination country for Polish nationals. Most of the Polish migrants in Ireland came to this country directly prior or after the EU enlargement in May 2004. Therefore this community is still in the process of formation, and rapid changes can be observed. Despite the novelty of this migration flow, Polish citizens continue one of the largest immigration groups in Ireland. With the current circumstances of the freedom of movement between European Union states, new light can be put on the concepts of migration, ethnic identity and on such concepts as 'home' and 'belonging'. The aim of this paper is to describe and examine the process of the formation of Polish community in Ireland, showing how this situation differs from the situation of those Polish communities that have already been well established in other countries and how some patterns from the past are still replicated. The main focus of the paper would be analyze the influence of the Information and Communication Technologies on both, ethnic community formation and on the relationship between Polish migrants in Ireland, their local communities 'back home' and migrants in other countries. I will argue that the traditional concept of 'ethnic neighbourhood' does not apply to this community and it has been, to some extent, compensated by the notion of 'virtual community'. I will also show the internal division within the community, which are no longer based on differences between migrants cohorts but rather are based on class and cultural capital characteristics. Finally, I will present the place of this community within the larger context of Polish Diaspora. The paper utilises data from my ongoing research on Polish migrants in Ireland. This research utilises qualitative methodology combining fieldwork, semi-structured interviews and on-line ethnography. In addition to that I have been using data from the Migrants Careers and Aspirations project, part of Trinity immigration research programme.
EN
The article refers to research carried out at the Migration and Ethnic Relations department of the Faculty of Anthropology and Sociology at Paris Diderot University in 2008-2009. The paper describes the gradual process of changes associated with the opening of the labor market to Polish immigrants in France and its impact on adaptation strategies of Poles taking up unauthorised employment. The first part of the article analyses Poles’ immigration in the context of selected aspects of employment in France. In the second part, examples of immigrant strategies show how the adaptation processes have evolved over several years. The paper also describes how competition arises on the labor market of unauthorised work and the ethnicisation of social roles. The third, major part, analyses the role of social networks in the context of an access to the labor market under different systems of recruitment. This part also presents the case of Kolbuszowa – and the phenomenon of integration or exclusion of new members of this immigrant community among which migration networks have developed. The transition from the gray area to the legal labour force is analyzed in terms of labour context impact and the position of an immigrant in a given community.
EN
After Poland’s accession to the European Union and the opening of the Norwegian market for Polish employees, the gender structure of Polish migrants in Norway changed radically. The number of men increased rapidly in relation to the number of women due to the demand of the Norwegian labor market for employees in the construction industry. For several years, the number of women has been growing slightly faster than the number of men due to family reunification. Poles living in Norway are relatively young and well-educated. Research carried out so far indicates that Polish migrants experience many problems finding employment that is in line with their education (Czapka 2010; Huang, Krzaklewska, Pustulka 2016). The article presents partial results of qualitative research carried out in Oslo in 2015 among Polish assistants working in Norwegian kindergartens in the framework of the project “Barnehagen som tillitsarena: hvordan lages den flerkulturelle samfunnskontrakten?”, which is part of the Polish-Norwegian project POLFAMIGRA (“Polish female migrants and their families – a study of care deficit “). The research results indicate that the work of an assistant in a kindergarten is for many Polish women the next stage in their professional careers in Norway and is often perceived in terms of career advancement. For the part of women participating in the study, work in the kindergarten was to be only a temporary type of employment, which was to ensure their income until they find a job consistent with their education. Most of them believed that their work does not enjoy high social prestige and is associated with relatively low wages.
EN
Referring to historical and sociological literature, and based on extensive fieldwork in Greenpoint, Brooklyn in 2006 and 2010, the text presents a particular interpretation of the Polish female immigrants’ work experience in the position of live-out domestic cleaners in New York City. My interpretation is that their work, as they see it, contains elements of both small business enterprise and live-out servant. Generally, Polish Greenpoint cleaners associated small business-like characteristics with working in the middle and upper-middle class homes in Manhattan, while servitude-like ones – with working in the lower middle class Hasidic homes in Brooklyn.
EN
Intermarriage has been argued to be a key indicator of migrants’ integration into the host society. However, relatively little is known about the experiences of what many forms of intermarriage entail in a super-diverse context. In this paper, I problematise and further investigate the assumed link between intermarriage and the cultural, identificational and interactive dimensions of social integration of Polish migrants in Britain. The analysis is based on the results of a qualitative research project conducted among Polish migrants in Birmingham and surrounding towns of the West Midlands, where Poles represent the third most numerous non-UK-born population. The data collected in the course of this research suggests that there are three main patterns of interactive integration of Polish intermarried migrants: (1) the classical path of acculturation and integration, (2) inverse integration, and (3) the more pluralistic cosmopolitan mode.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza wzorów osiedleńczych polskich migrantów i ich rodzin w Norwegii oraz przybliżenie mechanizmów, przez które zachodzi ich adaptacja do życia w Norwegii. Artykuł oparty jest na badaniach jakościowych (wywiady z 24 rozmówcami, zima–lato 2014) i ilościowych (ankieta internetowa, maj i czerwiec 2015 r., 648 osób) przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu TRANSFAM, jak również na ofi cjalnych statystykach i rezultatach wcześniejszych badań. Autorka wykorzystała ponadto rezultaty obserwacji poczynionych podczas pobytu w Oslo, gdzie w sierpniu 2016 r. przebywała jako visiting researcher na uczelni Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences. Zebrany materiał pozwala stwierdzić, że bez względu na początkowe plany Polacy wydłużają swój pobyt w tym kraju. Wraz z rozwojem sieci migracyjnych oraz wzrostem liczby dzieci rodzących się w Norwegii i sprowadzanych przez rodziców do tego kraju, czasowa migracja Polaków przybiera formę długotrwałego pobytu. Dominujący po 2004 r. wzór czasowych migracji przeważnie mężczyzn zostaje uzupełniany przez długookresowe migracje rodzinne.
EN
The article aims to analyze Polish migrants and their family migration patterns to Norway, as well as how they adjust to the new country. It is based on qualitative (24 interviews, wintersummer 2014) and quantitative (web-survey, May-June 2015, 648 respondents) research conducted in the framework of the TRANSFAM project. Official statistics and earlier study results are also applied. The author gained additional knowledge from observations made during her visit as a visiting researcher at Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences. On the basis of the analysed material, it can be concluded that regardless of their initial plans, Poles prolong their stay in Norway. Together with the development of a migrants network and a growing number of children born there or brought by their parents, Polish migrants’ stay in Norway turns into a long-term one. A dominant pattern of primary male migration at the beginning of the 21st century has been accompanied by the stable family migration pattern.
EN
A high level of adherence with Catholicism is one of the cultural similarities between the cohort of Polish immigrants living in Ireland and the rest of the Republic of Ireland’s population. Sharing the same religious beliefs seems to be a social bridge that accelerates mutual acceptance and adjustment at the time of massive migration. Therefore, the article aims to evaluate the integrative function of institutional religiousness. The fi ndings show that both the Polish immigrants and the natives tend to separate from one another instead of integrating, though. With regard to the bonding function of institutional religiousness, a high level of intercultural competence among religious leaders is required. It is evident, however, that neither the Irish Catholic church nor the chaplaincy for Polish immigrants have such skilful and integrative leaders.
EN
The experiences and migration strategies of senior migrants differ significantly from those of their younger counterparts. However, since migration flows are dominated by younger migrants, the recent Polish migration discourse tends to present the younger migrants’ perspective. This article addresses this research gap by exploring the migration experience of older Polish migrants to the United Kingdom (UK). The types of older migrants currently living in the UK are discussed: namely those who have lived in the UK for several decades and those who have migrated late in life. The experiences and attitudes of both groups are then explored and compared in order to expose several assumptions concerning older migrants: the immobility of seniors; the vulnerability of older migrants; and seniors migrating exclusively as part of care networks. The article is based on qualitative research conducted in the UK in 2005–2009 and in 2017.
EN
The main task of the paper is to analyse the socio-familial aspects of the newest migration flows from Poland to Ireland that have been taking place since 2004. In order to examine this migratory phenomenon I apply a three-level analysis: on the macro-level I study statistical demographic data obtained from the Irish population censuses; on the mezzo-level I use a longitudinal (3-year) survey carried out within a selected immigrant subpopulation; on the micro-level I analyse 30 unstructured interviews with Polish immigrants. The results show that Polish emigration to Ireland is, first of all, driven by economic factors. Nonetheless, the socio-familial conditions and marital strategies also play a significant role in the processes of shaping one’s migratory experiences. The paper concludes that many Polish emigrants, including those who constituted the first flow of immigration to Ireland, are well-settled at the destination. The socio-familial circumstances become a critical factor in choosing their migration strategy.
PL
Pomimo licznych badań prowadzonych w ciągu ostatnich lat na temat doświadczeń Polaków pracujących w nisko płatnych sektorach w Wielkiej Brytanii, to, jak migranci sami oceniają swoje doświadczenia, jest wciąż słabo poznane. Głównym celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie, jak poakcesyjni emigranci, często wysoko wykwalifikowani absolwenci, oceniają to, co ich zdaniem wnieśli do organizacji, w których pracowali. Przedstawione badania są oparte na małej liczbie pogłębionych wywiadów oraz analizie forów internetowych (netnografii). Wyniki badań pozwalają na stworzenie obrazu Polaków pracujących w jednym z najbardziej popularnych sektorów, jakim jest hotelarstwo. Wysoka etyka pracy i ich postawa są przedstawione w kontraście do cech lokalnych pracowników i pracowników innych nacji. Wyniki pokazują, że pracodawcy są świadomi niekonsekwencji w wysiłkach pracowników i wydaje się, że oni sami przyczyniają się do segmentacji środowiska pracy.
EN
Despite a growing body of literature focusing on the experiences of Polish migrants working in low-paid sectors in the UK, little is known about how Poles themselves reflect on those working experiences. This article aims to contribute to recent debates of workplace experiences of highly-qualified migrants by looking at a sector historically associated with foreign labour – service work. Reporting on qualitative findings obtained from an ethnographic study, this paper aims to portray how Polish migrants employed in the UK hospitality sector self-assess their working experiences and how they reflect on theirown contribution to the sector. The general notion of hard work and a ‘superior’ position frequently brought up by the respondents often contrast with the perceptions of local staff or other foreign-born migrants. The findings demonstrate that management is aware of the inconsistency in effort and perhaps even contributes to the divisions among workers.
PL
Pojęcie małżeństwa mieszanego (mixed marriage) odnosi się do związku osób reprezentujących różne kultury (intercultural marriage), religie (interreligious marriage lub interfaith marriage) czy narodowości (transnational marriage). Polki coraz częściej decydują się na małżeństwa z obcokrajowcami, które zawierane są zarówno w Polsce, jak i za granicą. Małżeństwa osób pochodzących z różnych krajów, posługujące się różnymi językami, wychowane i wykształcone w odmiennych systemach kulturowych czy religijnych, mogą napotkać na trudności w budowaniu relacji społecznych/rodzinnych. Może to powodować, że Polki będące w małżeństwa mieszanych mogą być/stać się ofiarami przemocy domowej w wymiarze ekonomicznym, psychicznym, fizycznym i seksualnym, często uwarunkowanej normami zwyczajowymi. Co więcej, nie wszystkie rodzaje przemocy czy przestępstw wobec kobiet są w ogóle w krajach zamieszkania Polek-migrantek zabronione pod groźbą kary. Sytuacja może komplikować się dodatkowo, gdy w grę wchodzi małżeństwo regulowane np. prawem szariatu. Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy polskie przepisy prawne (lub ratyfikowane przez Polskę umowy międzynarodowe) gwarantują Polkom z małżeństw mieszanych jakąkolwiek ochronę, a jeśli tak, to gdzie i w jaki sposób mogą się one o takową starać. Ważnym pytaniem jest również, jakie instytucje publiczne angażują się w pomoc tej konkretnej grupie migrantek oraz jak daleko w praktyce sięgają ich możliwości, szczególnie w sytuacji, gdy doświadczająca przemocy Polka przebywa w kraju, gdzie prawo nie rozdziela życia świeckiego i religijnego, a sprawy małżeństw podlegają (przede wszystkim) sądownictwu religijnemu.
EN
The concept of mixed marriage refers to the relationship of people representing different cultures (intercultural marriage), religions (interreligious marriage or interfaith marriage) or nationality (transnational marriage). Polish women are increasingly deciding to marry foreigners, which are concluded both in Poland and abroad. Marriages of people from different countries, using different languages, brought up and educated in different cultural or religious systems may encounter difficulties in building social / family relationships. This may mean that Polish women in mixed marriages may be / become victims of domestic, economic, psychological, physical and sexual violence, often conditioned by customary norms. What’s more, not all types of violence or crimes against women are ever banned in the countries where Polish migrant women live. The situation can be further complicated when it comes to a marriage regulated, for example, by Sharia law. The article attempts to answer the question whether Polish legal regulations (or international agreements ratified by Poland) guarantee that women from mixed marriages receive any kind of protection, and if so, where and how they can apply for it.
PL
W artykule podejmuję kwestię stereotypu z perspektywy antropologicznej jako narzędzia danej kultury w naznaczaniu rzeczywistości społecznej, będącego jednocześnie – co nie do końca zostaje uznane przez bardziej socjologiczne teorie stereotypu – wysoce plastycznym, kontekstualnym i zależnym od indywidualnych decyzji aktorów w danym polu władzy. Korzystając z inspirującej teorii stereotypu Zygmunta Benedyktowicza, w celu doprecyzowania wielorakich funkcji stereotypów, przyglądam się w artykule stereotypowi migranta polskiego w Wielkiej Brytanii. Stereotyp Polaków jako zaradnych, obrotnych i ciężko pracujących indywidualistów idzie w parze ze znaczeniowo podobnym, ale o skrajnie odmiennym zabarwieniu etycznym stereotypie Polaków jako nie potrafiących się zorganizować egoistów mających jedynie swój interes na względzie. Aby zrozumieć sens i społeczną funkcję tego stereotypu należy jednak – jak podkreśla Benedyktowicz – patrzeć nie na zawartość stereotypu i kogo on dotyczy, ale przede wszystkim na tego kto go wytwarza.
EN
In this article I look at stereotypes from an anthropological perspective which differs slightly from a sociological one in recognizing its plasticity, context of use and its dependence on social actors’ reproduction in a given field of power. Using an inspiring and refreshingtheory of stereotypes by Zygmunt Benedyktowicz, in order to decode their various meanings and functions I look at stereotypes around Polish migrants in Great Britain. Two similar in meaning but opposite in ethical valuation stereotypes operate there – one that sees Polish migrants and individualistic, opportunity driven, hardworking economic actors, another that treats them as egoistic, unable to organize and inward looking. In order to understand the meanings and functions of these we need to – as Benedyktowicz reminds us – look not at the content and the addressee of the stereotype but who actually produces them.
PL
Celem tekstu jest namysł nad nieobecnością zagadnienia migracji członków mniejszości narodowych/ etnicznych w polskich studiach migracyjnych dotyczących wyjazdów z Polski w latach 80. XX wieku na przykładzie Ukraińców. Autorka prezentuje przyczyny i przebieg emigracji obywateli polskich narodowości ukraińskiej w ostatniej dekadzie PRL, wskazuje na konsekwencje tej migracji dla diaspory ukraińskiej w Kanadzie, ukraińskiej mniejszości narodowej w Polsce oraz dla samych migrantów. Podejmuje dyskusję z literaturą, która określa emigrantów z Polski z lat 80. XX w. do Kanady i Europy Zachodniej jako „polskich emigrantów” zasilających Polonię, wskazując na różnice między motywacjami migracyjnymi i strategiami adaptacyjnymi polskich i ukraińskich migrantów w latach 80. XX w. Omawia również postawy ukraińskich emigrantów wobec kraju pochodzenia, wpływ ich mniejszościowej kondycji w PRL na dokonywane w nowym kraju wybory tożsamościowe i w zakresie stylu życia.
EN
The aim of the text is to reflect on the absence in Polish migration studies of research on the emigration of members of national / ethnic minorities from Poland in the 1980s, on the example of Ukrainians. The author presents the causes and course of emigration of Polish citizens of Ukrainian nationality in the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic, highlighting the consequences of this migration for the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, the Ukrainian national minority in Poland and for the migrants themselves. The author undertakes a discussion with literature which defines Polish emigrants of the 1980s to Canada and Western Europe as “Polish emigrants”, pointing out the differences between migration motivations and adaptation strategies of Polish and Ukrainian migrants in the 1980s. The article also discusses the attitudes of Ukrainian emigrants towards the country of origin, the impact of their minority condition in the People’s Republic of Poland on their new identity in their host country as well as lifestyle choices.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania, którym objęte zostały opublikowane w mediach społecznościowych wypowiedzi migrantów z Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii i z Ukrainy w Polsce. Do analizy wykorzystano koncepcję społecznego zakotwiczania, która odnosi się do procesu poszukiwania życiowych punktów oparcia – kotwic, pozwalających jednostkom na osiągnięcie psychospołecznej stabilizacji i efektywne funkcjonowanie w nowych warunkach. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazało nie tylko na rolę kotwic obiektywnych, takich jak praca zarobkowa, zasoby materialne i warunki instytucjonalne kraju przyjmującego, lecz także na znaczącą rolę kotwic osadzonych w relacjach społecznych. Zarówno migranci z Polski, jak i z Ukrainy zakotwiczają się mentalnie w wyobrażonych wspólnotach, konstruując klasowo-etniczne formy tożsamości, które stanowią ich punkty odniesienia w nowych warunkach społeczno-kulturowych. Polscy migranci budują wspólnoty wyobrażone, wykorzystując jako grupy odniesienia białych Brytyjczyków oraz przedstawicieli mniejszości etnicznych i grup migranckich o pozaeuropejskich korzeniach. Jednocześnie w ich narracjach podkreślane są różnice klasowe i edukacyjne w obrębie społeczności polskich migrantów. Migranci z Ukrainy konstruują tożsamość w odniesieniu do wartości europejskich oraz przedstawicieli społeczeństwa przyjmującego w warunkach znoszenia wszelkich różnic związanych z ich pozycją społeczno-ekonomiczną. W analizowanych narracjach w obu badanych grupach preferowane są postawy prointegracyjne.
EN
The article presents the analysis of posts published in social media by Polish migrants settled in the United Kingdom and Ukrainian migrants in Poland. The paper uses the concept of social anchoring defi ned as the process of searching for points of reference (anchors) which allow individuals to acquire socio-psychological stability and security and function eff ectively in a new life environment. The research showed the role of objective anchors such as employment, economic resources and institutional environment of the destination country as well as the crucial role of anchors embedded in social relations. Migrants from both analysed groups anchored themselves in strategically-imagined communities while constructing their ethnic and class identities that became their points of references in the new socio-cultural environment. In the narratives of Polish migrants in the UK the main reference groups are white, British citizens on one side and members of non-European minorities on the other. At the same time Polish migrants emphasize class and educational diff erences among the Polish community in the UK. In the case of the Ukrainian migrants in Poland the main reference group consists of members of the Polish, homogenous society. They also construct their identities with reference to European values. The research showed that in narratives of both analysed groups a pro-integration attitude is preferred.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.