In 1308/9, the Teutonic Order annexed by force Vistula Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze Nadwislanskie). In order to validate this annexation, the Order purchased the territory for 10 thousand silver deniers from the Brandenburg margrave Waldemar, who assumed possession of it in 1305 as a grant of the Bohemian and Polish king Waclaw III, resigning on his behalf from the March of Meissen. Some historians derive the ownership rights to this part of Pomerania from the grant of the Pomeranian Duchy to the Brandenburg margraves, received as fief of the Reich by emperor Frederick II in 1231, while others from the aforementioned transaction from 1305. This latter point of view was represented by the Teutonic Knights themselves; it is better justified.
The publication contains a defence of the author's thesis (questioned by Gerard Labuda) on the tributary (later feudal) rights of the German Reich to Pomerania in the 10th-14th c. as inherited from Carolingian times. That sovereignty was to be executed by the Reich through the state of Poland (10th-12th c.), then Denmark (12th- early 13th c.), eventually transferring it to the margraves of Brandenburg in 1231. With the approval of the German King, they transferred part of those rights concerning Eastern Pomerania to the Teutonic Order in 1310.
This article deals with the system of education of Polish Navy. Inside we can read concern Polish officers, warrant officers, NCOS and private seamen who have served since 1918 until now. It complemented the civil educational system, especially in the Pomerania region. Discussed Navy system focused on study and training personnel, who also worked in maritime industry when their professional Navy service was ended.
The artlicle is the continuation of the discussion with the views of Edward Rymar who argues that the rights of the Kingdom of Germany (and later of the Mark of Brandeburg by imperial grant) to Pomerania which can be observed in the Middle Ages are traceable back to Carolingian times. In this polemic with such views the author reassesses the sources used by E. Rymar and rebutts his arguments. The tributary relationships between Poland and Germany were instituted about 965/966. Mieszko I probably paid tribute only from the land of Lubusz. It was only under Kazimierz the Restorer (1040-1058) that the tribute was extended to the whole state. The reasons of that tribute, however, were connected with the whole of Polish-German relationships and not specifically those related to Pomerania only.
Around 5600-5500 cal BC first farmers appeared at the North European Lowland initiating ca 2.000 years lasting process of neolithisation of this area. A unique feature of Dabki settlement is the presence of several horizons of imports in the Late Mesolithic and early FBC context, mainly pottery vessels. These imports point toward an important role of that place in the exchange system between Mesolithic groups inhabited Central European Lowland and Neolithic people. Beside local hunters-gatherers, groups of Linear Band Pottery, Stroke Band Pottery, Ertebolle, Brzesc Kujawski Group, Funnel Beaker and finally Bodrogkeresztúr cultures were engaged in these contacts. Till 2009 on site 9 at Dabki there were discovered 8 potsherds of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture. Ornamentation, morphology, and technology of the fragments are typical for the pottery of the culture in question. We can synchronize the discussed imports with the earliest Funnel Beaker settlement stage in Dabki, i.e. with years 4100/4000 cal BC.
The paper is the first attempt to characterize Podgorz's library offer in years 1920-1939. The turning points is on the one hand the return of Pomerania, including Podgorz, to Poland following years of annexation, and on the other hand the outbreak of World War II in 1939, which completely damaged most of the bibliothecal stock. Podgorz was a town situated on the border between the Pomorskie (Pomerania) and Poznan voivodship, on the left river bank of the Vistula. The final union of the towns (Torun and Podgorz) took place on the 1 April 1938. The purpose of the article is to note down all libraries existing then in Podgorz: Lending Library of Sodality St. Mary's Queen Crown's of Poland [Biblioteka Bractwa Niepokalanie Poczetej N. M. P. Krolowej Korony Polskiej], libraries of religious organizations and many societies and associations. Podgorz's libraries offer in years 1920-1939 seems very interesting. Decidedly the biggest number of libraries existed within the framework of different societies and organizations, thanks to them that the professional literature was readily accessible for different professional groups dwelling in Podgorz.
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