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PL
An early medieval plank bucket was discovered in grave no. 18 in a grave field in Glinn, Sieradz county. Possibly, the bucket was manufactured by local artisans as a result of borrowing foreign patterns and techniques. In the grave, its role most probably was to emphasise the social status of the deceased as it was probably his personal property.
EN
The text aims to draw attention to the issue of early medieval antler and bone arrowheads, rarely discussed in historiography. Tracing the history of research and bringing closer the opinions of individual researchers shows how the interpretations of these monuments in archaeological literature have changed over the years. The text discusses and characterizes the findings of arrowheads from the territory ruled by the Piast Dynasty together with an attempt to divide them into types according to thetypology of A. F. Medvedev for finds from the territory of ancient Rus. These issues are only an introduction to further research in this field.
PL
This paper discusses two groups of early medieval burials associated with the elites of the Piast state and Pomeranian duchies: chamber graves and graves with stone constructions. Features associated with the first group appear in the Piast state and in Eastern Pomerania in the fourth quarter of the 10th century, while in Western Pomerania in the second half of the 11th and in the 12th centuries. Some, especially dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, were interpreted by Polish archaeologists as material traces of the migration of Scandinavians. A similar interpretation was also presented with reference to the graves with stone constructions, known mainly from the areas of Mazovia, Podlasie and Central Poland, where they appeared from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, but mainly from the second quarter of the 11th century. Previously, these graves were considered typical of the ethnic Polish (or particularly Mazovian) population. This article is an attempt to critically review these interpretations in the light of an analysis of burials and burial sites, primarily with respect to modern theories of ethnicity and archaeology as a cognitive discipline in the field of ethnic studies. The analysis presented tends to consider at least some of these graves as burials of local elites, and challenges or questions the possibility of their identification as burials of Scandinavians in the current state of research.
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