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Bruegel – socjolog

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EN
Applying an interpretative mode of a paradox, used by Jürgen Müller (Das Paradox als Bildform. Studien zur Ikonologie Pieter Bruegels d.Ä., München 1999), I’m sketching a reflection on social life included in Bruegel’s 30 paintings. I’m looking at them mainly through the Bible and its lecture included in Erasmus of Rotterdam’s writings. Since the painter translated into the language of painting a form of depicting the New Testament based on a paradox. His early Landscape with Parable of the Sower (1557, Washington) seems to confirm the conscious choice of a communication method, coherent with Erasmus’ rule of accommodation, i.e. possibility of reading the Bible on different levels dependent on the knowledge of the whole of Holy Scripture. This was the way of understanding similar to St. Paul (1 Cor 9, 20–23), Origen, Augustine or Erasmus of Rotterdam’s. Therefore we can compare looking at Bruegel’s paintings with reading the Bible – the comprehension of the pictures appears parallel to deepening the knowledge of his whole œuvre, the explanation of the dark parts is provided only by comparison with the other parts which cast a light on them.
EN
Lech Majewski’s The Mill and the Cross (2011) is a full-length feature film, a screen adaptation of Pieter Bruegel’s painting The Way of the Cross (1564). Majewski proves to be an excellent interpreter of Bruegel’s art, whom he considers a philosopher, an epic, and a poet. He relies on the research of Michael F. Gibson, and in his plotting he draws on a long-standing tradition of literary experience and digital technology (without this, it would have been impossible to faithfully reproduce the overall plan and realities of the painting). Majewski exposes the palimpsest nature of the narrative and shapes the film like a contemporary novel of space. In order to make the ideas of the screened painting comprehensible and to emphasize the fictionality of the depicted world, he introduces various versions of “literature about literature”. In the film, he perfectly integrates painterly features (word reduction, stop motion, long static camera shots) and literary features (the structure of an episodic novel of manners).
PL
Sztuka stanowi istotne narzędzie komunikacji i wyrażania stanów psychicznych artysty, jego obaw, pytań i poczucia zagrożenia, w zależności od otaczających go czynników naturalnych i okoliczności. Niniejsze badanie zgłębia subtelne przedstawienie śmierci w słynnym obrazie Pietera Bruegela "Triumf Śmierci", badając interakcję między realizmem a surrealizmem. Bruegel mistrzowsko uchwycił nieuchronność śmierci, jednocześnie wprowadzając elementy surrealistyczne, które wykraczają poza tradycyjne granice artystyczne. Poprzez analizę kompozycji, symboliki i kontekstu historycznego obrazu, badanie to ma na celu rozwikłanie złożonej narracji utkanej przez Bruegela i rzucenie światła na filozoficzne implikacje śmierci przedstawione w jego dziele. Ukazując śmierć jako coś nieuchronnego, podobnie jak niezmienny miniony czas, z nieznaną przyszłością, sztuka staje się próbą zatrzymania czasu, z nadzieją na uniknięcie niepewności. Analizując szczegóły rzeczywistego życia społecznego w epoce artysty i podejście do nich z jego surrealistycznym, ekspresyjnym spojrzeniem. Badanie ujawniło różne spostrzeżenia, w szczególności dotyczące znaczenia śmierci w umysłach artystów i jej wpływu na ich twórczość. Ponadto, badanie podkreśliło pionierską naturę malarza Bruegela, który wyprzedził swoje czasy, płynnie łącząc elementy realizmu, ekspresjonizmu i surrealizmu w swoich artystycznych przedsięwzięciach.
EN
Art constitutes an essential means of communicating and expressing the artist’s psychological states, concerns, questions, and sense of danger depending on the surrounding natural factors and circumstances. This study delves into the nuanced depiction of death in Pieter Bruegel's renowned painting, "Triumph of Death," exploring the interplay between realism and surrealism. Bruegel masterfully captures the inevitability of death while infusing surrealistic elements that transcend conventional artistic boundaries. Through an analysis of the painting's composition, symbolism, and historical context, this study aims to unravel the complex narrative woven by Bruegel and shed light on the philosophical implications of death as portrayed in his work. Depicting death as something inevitable, much like the unchangeable past time, with an unknown future, art becomes an attempt to pause time, hoping to avoid the uncertain. Aiming at Analyzing the details of real social life in the artist’s era and approaching them with his surreal expressive outlook. The study uncovered various insights, notably concerning the significance of death in the minds of artists and its impact on their work. Moreover, the study emphasized the pioneering nature of the painter Bruegel, who was ahead of his time by seamlessly blending elements of realism, expressionism, and surrealism in his artistic endeavors.
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