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Plethon’s Critique of Aristotle’s Theory of Sense Perception in the Light of the 15th-Century Controversy on the Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle

100%

Stavelas A. N.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue Special Issue 2

121-132

EN

In Categories 7b36–38 Aristotle prioritized the object of sense perception over the act of perception itself, observing that the withdrawal of the perceptible (αἰσθητόν) entails the cancelation of perception (αἴσθησις), while the removal of the act of perception leaves the perceptible subsisting. This last point was enough for Plethon to initiate his own critique, advocating that Aristotle did not seem to have endeavoured a solid coalescence between the problems raised in his theory of knowledge and the issues elaborated in his Metaphysics. In an attempt to present these two fields of inquiry as in greater harmony with each other and to shed light on what he considered to be the weak points and contradictions of Aristotle’s theory of knowledge, Plethon claimed that Aristotle’s view seemed to disprove his own vision of καθόλου λόγος, especially insofar as the category of relation (πρός τι) is involved. Plethon conceived of relation as of the simultaneous and necessary character of the natural concurrence (ἅμα τῇ φύσει, Cat., 14 b 27–28) between the act of perception and its object. Thus, for him, Aristotle’s approach should be thought of as false or, at least, as inadequate; first, because an object and an act of perception must always concur naturally and, second, because, in accordance with Metaphysics 1010 b 30–32 and De anima 425 b 25, if sensible perception (αἴσθησις) is not sustained or is withdrawn, the object (αἰσθητόν) of a non-subsisting sense perception cannot subsist. On the other hand, if sense perception is to subsist in the future, it is obvious that it will appear out of something potentially subsisting (δυνάμει ὑπάρχον). Thus, for Plethon, the object of sense perception is both the potentially perceptible (δυνάμει αἰσθητόν) and perception in relation to its potency (πρὸς δυνάμει αἴσθησις).

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Organizacja wojskowa Peloponezu według Jerzego Gemistosa Plethona

89%

Raszewski J.

Vox Patrum

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2015

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vol. 63

445-457

EN

The article summarises, analyses and develops the opinions conveyed by the secondary literature regarding the inspirations for the reorganisation of the military system of Peloponnese as proposed by George Gemistos Plethon. Three sources of inspiration taken into consideration are: the ancient one (Platonic theoretical framework and the Spartan society), the Byzantine one (the pronoia system) and the Ottoman one (the timar system). It seems that for Plethon the ancient component was more important in the symbolic sphere related to the Hellenic identity promoted by him. The core of the reform consists of the idea of binding the duties towards the state with the income derived from the land. The analogies are to be found among the institutions contemporary to Plethon.

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Plethon wobec tradycji teologicznej Greków

88%

Kujawa A.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2021

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vol. 31

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issue 1

107-127

EN

Byzantine philosopher Georgios Gemistos Pletho (1355–1452) is regarded as the first Philhellene who rejected Christianity and attempted to restore the pogan religion of Hellenic gods. In his last work Books of Laws (Νόμων συγγραφή) he presents his own system of theology based on ancient philosophy and Greek mythology. The aim of the paper is to outline some main features of Plethon’s theology and to show the influence of Greek tradition on it.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

1 Vox Patrum

1 Kujawa A.

1 Raszewski J.

1 Stavelas A. N.

1 2021

1 2017

1 2015

Plethon’s Critique of Aristotle’s Theory of Sense Perception in the Light of the 15th-Century Controversy on the Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle

Organizacja wojskowa Peloponezu według Jerzego Gemistosa Plethona

Plethon wobec tradycji teologicznej Greków