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EN
Dziennik Berliński between 1897–1922 This paper is devoted to analysing the operations of the daily Dziennik Berliński [Berlin Daily]. The paper was published in Berlin beginning in 1897. Besides providing everyday news briefings, its mission was to meet the socio-cultural needs of the Polish minority living in Berlin. The paper’s aim was to unify groups of Polish migrants who had settled in large numbers in Berlin at the turn of twentieth century. The character of Polish migration as well as the impact of the national Polish movement originating in Poznań determined the profile of the publication. The Polish Association, established in Germany in 1922, had a significant impact on the periodical and acts as an ending date for the considerations of this article.
EN
The article deals with the problem of functioning of the delexicalized units at the level of reference. The aim of the analysis is to describe the semantic relation between the referent of the phraseological unit (E0) and a referent of its updated form in discours (El), modified either at the formal or semantic level. The analysis was done on the basis of some articles from French press (Liberation, le Figaro, Courrier International) and from Polish press (Gazeta Wyborcza, Newsweek) including delexicalized units.
EN
The aim of the article is to introduce the image of John Paul II in years 2005-2011 in the Polish language periodic “Our world” published in Italy by Italian publishing company for Polish society in Italy. The biweekly magazine, created by Polish journalists, devoted The Pope during the 6 years 33 texts in its paper version and many ones on the internet side. The journalists wrote about many topics connected with John Paul II: the celebrations of the anniversaries of His death, the trial of the beatification, the places which were named after The Pope, the cultural and artistic events which took place to commemorate Him. This topic, hopefully, can be interesting for people in Poland because, firstly, we just celebrate the beatification of John Paul II and, secondly, the magazine is rather unknown in our country and shows a part of everyday life of Polish society in Italy.
EN
In the article I have examined the way in which the American West of 1863–1906 was shown in the Warsaw magazine “Wędrowiec”. I have mainly focused on articles published from the late 1870s to the year 1906, when the last issue of the weekly appeared. I have chosen this specific magazine, because it specialized in issues concerning geography and travel. Throughout the period when “Wędrowiec” was published, the subject of the American West of 1863–1906 appeared in over 150 issues. Thus, one may risk a statement that the subject was quite popular with the readers. It is also to be stressed that no other region of the USA was given so much attention as the West. The magazine published the highest number of articles in the 1870s and 1880s. In the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century the subject appeared only sporadically, which was due to both the change in the nature of the magazine and smaller interest of the readers in the United States. The subject of the American West, complex and exotic, was very attractive. However, with time and with the progress in the colonization process, it was difficult to find topics which had not been discussed up till then. Despite that, all major changes taking place in this region were duly observed. Also regions which earlier had not caused much interest among readers started to be reported on. The readers could also observe changes in the image of the Far West. Articles appearing in “Wędrowiec” throughout the period it was published dealt mainly with: Indians, Mormons and the Chinese. Other inhabitants of this area did not attract so much attention.
PL
The present article is a contribution to the study of the history of Polish-Russian linguistic contacts and focuses on the phenomenon of Russianisms (Russian expressions) in the Polish language, in particular on the phenomenon of lingering Russianisms in the Polish language during the inter-war period (1918–1939). The issue has not been sufficiently and thoroughly scholarly addressed so far. The article discusses the lexical borrowings from Russian that were used in the Polish language used in “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”. This weekly publication was published in Warsaw throughout the whole of the inter-war period in Poland. The analysis covers relevant vocabulary excerpted from five annual volumes of the periodical, i.e. from the years 1926–1930. The author attempts to prove and illustrate to what degree the influence of the Russian language was manifested in the lexis used by editors and journalists of the weekly, what elements of this influence remained between 1918–1939 after the long period of partition and the immense influence of Russian upon the Polish language. Additionally, the author examines whether the Russian influences gained support in the Polish language of former inhabitants of the Eastern Polish borderlands who later settled in free Warsaw or in the language of those of its inhabitants who spent part of their lives in Russia.
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 55
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issue 4
54-83
EN
Although Kraków is regarded as the cradle of Polish press (Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający dla informacyjej pospolitej was the first printed and systematically published newspaper, from January 3rd to May 5th, 1661), its role in the history of Polish journalism had been very small until the beginning of the 19th century. Before the establishment of the Free City of Kraków (or the Republic of Kraków) in June 1815, several periodicals – most of them short-lived – were published by printers or book dealers. The role of professors of the Academy was important here. The publishing activity was inaugurated by Feliks Radwański (1756–1826), an alumnus of the Academy which he was associated with for many years. In order to promote his ideas, Radwański published, in 1806–1807, at his own expense, Dziennik Gospodarski Krakowski. It was the first paper of its kind in the history of the Polish periodical press. The author wrote about the application of plaster in bricklaying, about the cultivation of potatoes (until then unknown in our country), about new agricultural tools, farming, and the necessity of establishing agricultural schools. These pro posals were premature, too modern to fi nd followers willing to utilize them in middle-sized farms. This was the reason why Radwański discontinued this interesting publication. Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie, who published Kraków’s fi rst historical journal, Miscellanea Cracoviensia in 1814–1815, is, however, considered to be the pioneer of periodical press in Kraków. He also published Rozmaitości Naukowe in 1828–1829 and 1831. Antoni Z. Helcel published Kwartalnik Naukowy (1835–1836), regarded by scholars as the best periodical specializing in the humanities. Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego z Uniwersytetem Krakowskim Połączonego (1817–1872) is worth mentioning among academic journals.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the publishing, editorial and journalistic activity of Włodzimierz Dworzaczek, who initiated the development of the Polish press in Minsk at the beginning of the 20th century, which according to him was a source of promoting the Polish national consciousness of the people. The analysis of archival documents, as well as publications by Dworzaczek (mainly “Nad Świsłoczą” and “Pogoń”) allows us to state that Dworzaczek was a person consistently striving to create a local press unit in Minsk. Despite the failure of subsequent initiatives, he made further attempts. An objective assessment of the achievements of the editor of “Nad Świsłoczą” allows us to state that Dworzaczek was unable to create a self-sufficient magazine in Minsk, which was the result not only of the lack of wider interest of potential readers in the local press, but also, as we can guess, the uncompromising nature of the initiator himself.
EN
Northern borderland inflectional features in the Polish language of Kurier Wileński in the interwar period This article presents Northern Borderland inflectional features functioning in the Polish language of a daily newspaper released in Vilnius county in the period of Interwar.Specific language facts concerning the scope of inflection, not corresponding with common Polish standards, in the Interwar period were excerpted from Kurier Wileński between 1924 and 1939.In this newspaper, 21 peculiar phenomena occurred which are classified by linguists examining earlier periods as characteristic features of the Northern Borderland inflection.The textual frequency of distinctive forms varied. Only six phenomena were signifi­cantly outstanding with their high frequency of occurrence: change of number (oklask), special inflectional endings of genitive case in nominal form (krzaku, gabineta), ending -a in nominative case of plural form (fakta), enclitic form mię, omission of the reflexive pronoun się in reflexive verbs (wymknąć), reflexive verbs functioning as passive verbs (wydają się obiady). These innovative changes are only changes of number and verbs without common się. The rest of features in the researched period were recessive in the general Polish language. All phenomena mentioned here occurred often (usually more often than in the analysed newspaper) in post-war Vilnius press.The analysis proved that inflection reflected in Kurier Wileński bears traits of regional variety of language. The situation observed in the examined newspaper is similar to the situation appearing in almost all post-war Vilnius press, however there are a few significant differences. Later Vilnius press was more saturated with inflectional originalities than the post-war Kurier Wileński and contained more variety of peculiar forms. Północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne w polszczyźnie „Kuriera Wileńskiego” w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym Artykuł przedstawia północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne, funkcjonujące w języku polskim gazety codziennej wydawanej na Wileńszczyźnie w okresie międzywojennym. Specyficzne fakty językowe z zakresu fleksji, niezgodne z normą ogólnopolską, obowiązującą w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, wyekscerpowano z „Kuriera Wileńskiego” (dalej KW) z lat 1924–1939.W analizowanym czasopiśmie wystąpiło 21 swoistych zjawisk, zaliczanych przez badaczy wcześniejszych okresów do charakterystycznych właściwości fleksji kresowej.Frekwencja tekstowa form osobliwych była zróżnicowana. Dużą częstością wystąpień odznaczało się zaledwie 6 zjawisk: zmiany liczby (np. oklask), osobliwe końcówki dopełniacza lp. (np. krzaku, gabineta), końcówka -a w mianowniku lm. (np. fakta), postać enklityczna mię, pomijanie zwrotnego się (np. wymknąć), formy czasowników z zaimkiem zwrotnym „się” w funkcji strony biernej (np. Wydają się obiady). Innowacyjne są tu tylko zmiany liczby oraz czasowniki bez ogólnopolskiego się. Pozostałe cechy w badanym okresie były w ogólnej polszczyźnie recesywne. Wszystkie wymienione tu zjawiska występowały często (zazwyczaj częściej niż w analizowanym czasopiśmie) w powojennej prasie wileńskiej.Analiza wykazała, że fleksja odzwierciedlona w KW nosi pewne piętno regionalności. Stan zaobserwowany w badanej gazecie jest zbliżony do sytuacji stwierdzonej w wydawanej tuż po II wojnie światowej „Prawdzie Wileńskiej”, zarysowują się jednak znamienne różnice. Późniejsza prasa wileńska była znacznie bardziej nasycona osobliwościami fleksyjnymi niż międzywojenny KW. Odzwierciedliła się w niej znacznie większa rozmaitość form osobliwych.
EN
This article presents Northern Borderland inflectional features functioning in the Polish language of a daily newspaper released in Vilnius county in the period of Interwar. Specific language facts concerning the scope of inflection, not corresponding with common Polish standards, in the Interwar period were excerpted from Kurier Wileński between 1924 and 1939. In this newspaper, 21 peculiar phenomena occurred which are classified by linguists examining earlier periods as characteristic features of the Northern Borderland inflection. The textual frequency of distinctive forms varied. Only six phenomena were signifi­cantly outstanding with their high frequency of occurrence: change of number (oklask), special inflectional endings of genitive case in nominal form (krzaku, gabineta), ending -a in nominative case of plural form (fakta), enclitic form mię, omission of the reflexive pronoun się in reflexive verbs (wymknąć), reflexive verbs functioning as passive verbs (wydają się obiady). These innovative changes are only changes of number and verbs without common się. The rest of features in the researched period were recessive in the general Polish language. All phenomena mentioned here occurred often (usually more often than in the analysed newspaper) in post-war Vilnius press. The analysis proved that inflection reflected in Kurier Wileński bears traits of regional variety of language. The situation observed in the examined newspaper is similar to the situation appearing in almost all post-war Vilnius press, however there are a few significant differences. Later Vilnius press was more saturated with inflectional originalities than the post-war Kurier Wileński and contained more variety of peculiar forms.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne, funkcjonujące w języku polskim gazety codziennej wydawanej na Wileńszczyźnie w okresie międzywojennym. Specyficzne fakty językowe z zakresu fleksji, niezgodne z normą ogólnopolską, obowiązującą w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, wyekscerpowano z „Kuriera Wileńskiego” (dalej KW) z lat 1924–1939. W analizowanym czasopiśmie wystąpiło 21 swoistych zjawisk, zaliczanych przez badaczy wcześniejszych okresów do charakterystycznych właściwości fleksji kresowej. Frekwencja tekstowa form osobliwych była zróżnicowana. Dużą częstością wystąpień odznaczało się zaledwie 6 zjawisk: zmiany liczby (np. oklask), osobliwe końcówki dopełniacza lp. (np. krzaku, gabineta), końcówka -a w mianowniku lm. (np. fakta), postać enklityczna mię, pomijanie zwrotnego się (np. wymknąć), formy czasowników z zaimkiem zwrotnym „się” w funkcji strony biernej (np. Wydają się obiady). Innowacyjne są tu tylko zmiany liczby oraz czasowniki bez ogólnopolskiego się. Pozostałe cechy w badanym okresie były w ogólnej polszczyźnie recesywne. Wszystkie wymienione tu zjawiska występowały często (zazwyczaj częściej niż w analizowanym czasopiśmie) w powojennej prasie wileńskiej. Analiza wykazała, że fleksja odzwierciedlona w KW nosi pewne piętno regionalności. Stan zaobserwowany w badanej gazecie jest zbliżony do sytuacji stwierdzonej w wydawanej tuż po II wojnie światowej „Prawdzie Wileńskiej”, zarysowują się jednak znamienne różnice. Późniejsza prasa wileńska była znacznie bardziej nasycona osobliwościami fleksyjnymi niż międzywojenny KW. Odzwierciedliła się w niej znacznie większa rozmaitość form osobliwych.
EN
"The outdated" Polish lexis in the interwar period (based on Trybuna Radziecka 1927–1938, letters a–b)This paper discusses 27 lexemes extracted from Trybuna Radziecka, the Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left-intelligentsia, living in the USSR as political émigrés in the interwar period. The lexical items are listed in the form of a dictionary with examples and comments.The largest group are lexemes whose frequency in Polish is decreasing (18 items); the next group are words becoming obsolete (8 items); 15 lexems still function in the postwar Northern Borderland Polish (e.g. aeroport, akuratnie, arenda, asfaltowany, automobil, automobilowy, awjacja, bezpodstawowy, biust, bizun); one item belongs to the older vocabulary of general Polish and one to already outdated lexis. Apart from these groups, twelve lexemes had been derived from Russian words (e.g. adres, aeroport, akuratnie, arenda, automobile). «Неупотрeбляемая» польская лексика в междувоенный период (на материале газеты «Trybuna Radziecka» за годы 1927–1938, буквы А–Б)В статье проводится анализ лексики, извлеченнoй из газеты «Trybuna Radziecka» (буквы А–Б), издаваемой в Москве польскими коммунистами в период между двумя мировыми войнами (годы 1927–1938). Рассматриваются лишь слова, принадлежащие к лексике, вышедшей из употребления в oбщепольском языке. Доминируют рецессивные слова (18 примеров) и выходящие из упторебления (8 примеров). Мы обнаружили также одно устаревшее слово и один архаизм. Стоит подчеркнуть, что значительная часть слов (12 единиц) нашла поддержку в русском языке, что способствовало их более длительному сохранению в языке поляков, проживающих в Советской России в междувоенный период. Подытоживая, следует сказать, что хотя неупотребляемая лексика занимала незначительную позицию среди всех слов (в пределах букв А–Б), почерпнутых из газеты «Trybuna Radziecka», её наличие в языке источника всё же отражало общие черты советского польского языка послереволюционного периода.
EN
The article presents results of research into the media portrayal of events in Frankfurt in 1995, as presented in local and national press in Germany and Poland. This research relied on a qualitative analysis of the text. According to the research results, German press coverage took a more balanced approach, whereas its Polish counterpart often appeared to rely more on emotional appeals based on historical events. This research complements a broader body of inquiry into the role of media in international communication, with particular emphasis on the cooperation between Polish and German journalists.
EN
The paper discusses reactions of Russian and Polish (first of all - Warsaw) press to the famous Leo Tolstoy’s escape from Yasnaya Polyana in 1910. A comparison between publications shows that Polish newspapers wrote relatively much and regularly about the event, but interpreted it in a different way than the Russian ones. While the Russian press explained Tolstoy’s escape mostly in the context of his beliefs and views, the Polish one clarified the situation through the personality of the writer, as an act of an extraordinary person or a desperate step of a madman or of a pretender (such interpretation was also presented by the Russian conservative press). This fundamental difference in interpretation can be explained first of all by another status, which Tolstoy had between the Russian and Polish people - for the Poles he was mainly not, as in Russia, a moral authority, but an outstanding writer. Tolstoy’s world-view could also play an important role, especially his religious views, and the significance of Catholicism for the Polish people as one of the most important elements of the national identity.
EN
This article deals with the phrasemes found in the Soviet variant of the Polish language in the years preceding World War II. Analytical material is collected from “Trybuna Radziecka”, a central Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left-wing intelligentsia, living in the USRR as political émigrés in this period. Phrasemes are classified thematically to present the new realities of life in the Soviet Union (e.g. politics – abecadło wyborcze, services – kulturalno-bytowe obsługiwanie, education – dom dziecięcy). Almost all phrasemes are borrowings from the Russian language.
EN
The article presents the attitudes of the two most important Poznań newspapers to the problem of shaping the Polish eastern border during the truce negotiations with Bolshevik Russia in Riga at the turn of September and October 1920. Both newspapers, despite representing different political orientations (democratic-national and conservative), supported the so-called “incorporation programme”, the implementation of which left a massive Polish population behind the eastern border. The author of the article tries to answer the question of why the newspapers, always defending the cohesion and the whole of the Polish nation, acted differently in the case of Poles left in Riga on the Bolshevik side of the border.
Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 55
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issue 4
84-115
EN
The bibliography is selective and covers only papers of scientific or documentary nature which concern journalistic matters. Only the original scientific dissertations (articles, books) have been listed altogether. All other types of publications (information notes, reports, biographies in the form of novels, reviews) have undergone selection. Only the papers of lasting value and some more important reviews of journalistic monographs have been included. A total of 430 papers have been listed, of which 222 are articles, dissertations and books, whereas 208 are reviews and polemics. The books (including 7 author’s monographs and 30 volumes of edited papers) are of special importance among these papers. The bibliography is preceded by a short methodological outline and statistics of the author’s works
EN
The paper aims at reconstructing the image of Maurycy Gottlieb created in the Polish press during the artist’s lifetime and immediately following his death. It is based on all the texts (from exhibition reviews, through obituaries and posthumous tributes) traceable in periodicals and dailies published in the three partition zones (in Warsaw, Lvov, Cracow, Poznań), which has allowed to present the whole abundance and variety of perspectives, both on Gottlieb’s art, and on him as a person.
EN
Observations on the Soviet Vocabulary in the Ethnic Polish Language and the Soviet Polish Language in the Interwar Period (Based on Trzaska-Evert-Michalski “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words” and “Trybuna Radziecka,” 1927–1938)The paper discusses the Soviet vocabulary extracted from “Trybuna Radziecka”, a cen­tral Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left‑wing intelligentsia, living in the USRR as political émigrés in this period as well as some Sovietisms included in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words, edited by S. Lam, published by Trzaska-Evert-Michalski in Warsaw in 1939. The author tries to demon­strate that the new realities of life and state power in the Soviet Union had immense influence on the Polish language in Russia in the interwar period, and especially on the language of “Trybuna Radziecka.” This weekly was imbued with Sovietisms. They were in common use of the Poles living in Soviet Russia in the interwar period. The Soviet vocabulary in Trzaska-Evert-Michalski dictionary represents two layers. The first one includes lexical items fully assimilated by the Polish language, e.g. kołchoz, komsomolec. The second one contains exotic words, used occasionally, e.g. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka. Uwagi o sowietyzmach w polszczyźnie etnicznej i radzieckiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na materiale Encyklopedycznego słownika wyrazów obcych. Pochodzenie wyrazów, wymowa, objaśnienia pojęć, skróty, przysłowia, cytaty Trzaski, Everta, Michalskiego i moskiewskiej „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927–1938)W artykule omówiono słownictwo radzieckie zarejestrowane w Encyklopedycznym słowniku wyrazów obcych wydanym w 1939 r. w Warszawie przez Trzaskę, Everta, Michalskiego, pod redakcją S. Lama i jednocześnie odzwierciedlone w „Trybunie Radzieckiej”, która ukazywała się w Moskwie w latach 1927–1938. Sowietyzmy zamieszczone w słowniku Trzaski i in. można podzielić na dwie grupy. Pierwszą grupę stanowią wyrazy, które nigdy nie były w powszechnym użyciu w komunikacji językowej Polaków, mogły się pojawiać okazjonalnie w tekstach publicystycznych, zyskując odcień żartobliwy czy ironiczny. Zapożyczenia te nie są zasymilowane (np. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka). Grupę drugą tworzą wyrazy będące jedynymi nazwami określonych desygnatów, niezbędnych do opisania socjalistycznej rzeczywistości w Rosji radzieckiej. Są one całkowicie przyswojone przez język polski (np. agitka, kołchoz, komsomolec). W odróżnieniu od polszczyzny ogólnej, w pore­wolucyjnej polszczyźnie radzieckiej wszystkie te jednostki występowały bez żadnych ograniczeń (często świadczy o tym ich duża frekwencja tekstowa oraz rejestracja w innych źródłach radzieckich).
EN
The primary objective of this paper is to examine the response of the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic to the extending scope and range of European integration in 1961–1973. The following countries applied for EEC membership in this period: the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark. The analysis is conducted on the basis of press releases of the Polish Press Agency (PAP) as well as features published in newspapers and magazines (“Trybuna Ludu”, “Polityka”, “Nowe drogi”, “Ideologia i Polityka”), as well as academic periodicals (“Przegląd Międzynarodowy”, “Przegląd Zachodni”).
EN
This is a survey of studies published in 1945-2009 on the history of the Polish press in the interwar period. The article is based on a databank of citations (7,338 references). The total number of studies focused on that period amounts to 2195 items, among them 243 books, 1375 articles from periodicals, 411 theses (from books), 141 sections of monographs and 24 booklets
EN
The paper presents the opinions of Polish journalists on the results of the elections to the European Parliament in Poland in 2014. The paper discusses the style of the election campaigns conducted by the different political parties. It also assesses the degree to which politicians and society were involved in the European elections. The paper presents the profiles of EP members published in the Polish press. The analysis is conducted on the basis of articles published from April 15 till May 27, 2014 in “Gazeta Wyborcza”, “Rzeczpospolita”, “Zielony Sztandar”, “Przegląd”, “Gazeta Polska”, “Najwyższy Czas”, “Polityka”, “Wprost” and “Newsweek”.
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