Search results

1

The Main Problems in the Relations Between the European Union and Turkey

100%

Chelidze G., Machitidze E.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

|

2021

|

vol. 25

|

issue 2

153-169

EN

This paper depicts the dynamics of the EU-Turkey relations beginning from the signing of the association agreement, i.e. the Ankara contract, to date. In addition, it aims to specify the factors preventing the bilateral collaboration and achievement of EU membership as aspired to by Ankara. The paper focuses on both the internal and international problems arising on Turkey's path to EU membership, namely, the westernisation trend originating from Kemal Ataturk times, recent developments in Turkey, the democratisation of political institutions, the rule of law and protection of human rights, regional security, Turkey's part in the refugee crisis, visafree travel, Greek-Turkey relationships, Ankara's stance towards Cyprus, the Kurdish problem, and the Turkey-US and Turkey-Russia relationships. The authors discuss the EU Member States' attitude towards the political and socio-economic developments in Turkey and the way Ankara looks at the requirements put forward by those Member States. We suggest several methods of rapprochement and brighter bilateral prospects.

2

SPECYFIKA POLSKO-IZRAELSKICH STOSUNKÓW KULTURALNYCH PO 1990 ROKU

100%

Łapaj J.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2013

|

issue 2(11)

101-113 (13)

EN

The resumption of Polish-Israeli diplomatic relations have begun the process of rebuilding broken relationships and building new areas in political and economic co- operation. One of the most important and specific areas of elationships are cultural rela-tions between the countries, which allows direct contact between the society of those two nations. In the history of Polish-Jewish relations this area is one of the most important because without grassroots initiatives and an open mind atmosphere, the official agreements, which are both necessary and beneficial, remain insufficient. This article presents the activities of the cultural relations after 1990. The author discusses the complexity of the actions, which on one hand take into consideration the history, and on the other hand, not overestimating its significance in current relationships, they concentrate on cultural, educational and scientific cooperation which support the openness for a new dialog. In spite numerous difficulties and burdens which are current in the Polish-Jewish relations the states and the societies of both countries have taken great strides to improve the relationship.

3

Dialektyka równości.

88%

Nikodem J.

Nowa Krytyka

|

2017

|

issue 38

235-243

EN

Michał Kozłowski Review, Signs of Equality. On social construction of egalitarian relations, Scholar, Warsaw 2016

4

The Character of Japan-China Relations since the earthquake of 2011

88%

Zabrovskaia L.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

|

2013

|

issue 26

107-115

XX

After the earthquake of 2011, the Japanese authorities decided to switch the focus of its foreign policy from ‘economic diplomacy’ (promoting goods) to ‘scientific diplomacy’ (‘know-how’ expansion). In this case, China may become the most important ground for promoting Japanese innovation projects. The modern stage of the Sino-Japanese politico-military rivalry and competition is accompanied by an increase in the economic interdependence and the degree of mutual interest in solving regional problems. However, in the near future the close relations between Japan and the US will not let Tokyo fundamentally reverse its policy toward China.

5

The Issue o f Hungarian ‑Slovak Diplomatic Connections in the Hungarian Parliament in 1939–1940

75%

Janek I.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

|

2014

|

issue 2

128-140

EN

This article focus on Slovak‑Hungarian relations. The study aims to draft a more differentiate and precise picture on Hungarian and Slovak revision efforts and the bilateral relations as one may find in any professional literature till now, in particular in non‑Slavic works. The author has used new archive documents and materials. The political climate between Bratislava and Budapest in the first half of 1939 was strongly influenced by mutual territorial claims. Diplomatic relations between Slovakia and Hungary were characterised by three main problems since 1939 and in 1940: the affiliation of the territories in the Upper Hungary and national minorities living there; gaining Germany as an ally at the expense of the other party, and the principle of reciprocity. Ratification of the Slovak State was the most important goal of the Slovak foreign policy in 1939, both within the regional and European context. The Slovak policy also strived to find new and influential allies and believed that Germany and the Soviet Union could play that role. Slovak leaders wanted revision in respect to Hungary and wanted also to reach the revision of the 1st Vienna Award. In July 1939 the Slovak propaganda clearly presented the idea that Slovaks could not accept the borders of their homeland. The speeches in the Hungarian parliament called the attention of the public in both countries to the problems, especially after they published in the press. In practice, they limited the transgressions of officials and police on both sides to some extent. We can say the biggest mistake in the given period was that the governments were not able to rise above the issue of reciprocity and territories, what hindered their possible cooperation against Germans in the future.

6

Russian-Chinese Trade in Kyakhta — Trade Development and Volume Indicators 1727–1861

75%

Wanner M.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

|

2015

|

issue 1

17-27

EN

The study looks at the trade quantification, and documents single stages of the Russian-Chinese trade exchange in Kyakhta and May-ma-chen between 1727 and 1861. It is divided into three sections. The first one deals with an appraisal of available volume indicators that relates to the exchange trading. Based on findings and confronting other analysed spheres, the author defines the basic stages of the trade development in the monitored period. What he demonstrates is that the trade was greatly affected by political and geographical factors, and the fact that both countries did not attach equal importance to it. The trade in Kyakhta had never reached extent it could have had, but fell into rapid decline as soon as an alternative, cheaper way to trade exchange between Russia and China had appeared. Yet it influenced the town and the whole region development, including culture and education spheres; in the second quarter of the 19th century it substantially contributed to Siberian economics, and in the early stage also to Russia industrialisation as it allowed Russia in economics terms to penetrate to the Far East. The final part deals with the global factors resulting in the decline, and the end of Russian-Chinese trade in Kyakhta, or replacement by other forms of trade exchange.

7

The Russian‑Chinese Trade in Kyakhta, Its Organisation and Commodity Structure, 1727–1861

75%

Wanner M.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

|

2014

|

issue 2

35-49

EN

The article describes the organization and practice of the Russian‑Chinese trade exchange in Kyakhta and May‑ma‑chen in 1727–1861, state regimentation of the trade in Russia and China, the commodity structure of the Russian and Chinese export. Some fundamental problems of logistics that considerably impacted the character of the trade in Kyakhta are described, too. The Russian‑Chinese trade in Kyakhta was profitable for both sides. It yielded important goods for both sides and especially for Russia, which would have not been possible to get otherwise. The core of Russian export was created by hides, furs, pelts and from 1820s also woollen and cotton fabrics, the Chinese export consisted especially in tea, silk and cotton fabrics and rhubarb. Bilateral trade, however, hinted at a number of obstacles. It was considerable geographic distance to cover for both sides and especially on the Russian side, insufficient transport infrastructure. Another set of problems consisted in ineffective state regulation of all sorts on both sides. While bureaucratic restrictions on the Russian side was partially removed in the 1760s, when the trade was overtaken by the private capital, on the Chinese side ideologically conditioned regulation would be still carried over. The Chinese government was primarily concentrated on its military‑strategic targets in Amur Region, which was the trade in Kyakhta subjected to. It used the trade regulation as a tool to press the Russian authorities in other questions. Therefore the trade in Kyakhta had never reached the extent that could have had, and fell into rapid decline as soon as another alternative and cheaper way to the trade exchange between Russia and China appeared.

8

Kształtowanie relacji wspomagających innowacyjność muzeum

75%

Sawczuk M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2019

|

vol. 381

86-101

PL

Wobec dynamiki i niestabilności otoczenia instytucje muzealne stają przed koniecznością konkurowania o ograniczony czas i fundusze odbiorców. Konieczne staje się poszerzanie oferty o innowacyjne produkty, które mają zwiększyć postrzeganą atrakcyjność muzeum. Głównym celem pracy jest zidentyfikowanie, z jakimi podmiotami i w jaki sposób muzea kształtują relacje wspomagające ich innowacyjność. Do jego realizacji wybrano podejście jakościowe oparte na metodzie studium przypadku. Analizie poddano trzy muzea znajdujące się w Krakowie. Dzięki otrzymanym wynikom określono m.in., że szczególnie ważne dla innowacyjności są relacje z organizatorami i specjalistycznymi organizacjami. W podsumowaniu zaprezentowano wnioski oraz możliwe rekomendacje dla przyszłych badań.

EN

Considering the dynamics and instability of the environment, museums face the necessity to compete for a limited time and money of visitors. It is becoming necessary to expand the offer with innovative products, which are supposed to increase the perceived attractiveness of the museums. The main aim of the article is to identify with which entities and in which way museums shape relations supporting their innovativeness. A qualitative approach based on a case study method has been chosen. Three museums from Krakow were analyzed. Thanks to the results obtained, it has been determined that, among others, relations with organizers and specialist organizations are particularly important for innovation. The summary presents conclusions and possible recommendations for future research.

9

Polish-Turkish relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: The struggle for independence and modernization

75%

Mierzwa J.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2015

|

vol. 20A

5-21

EN

2014 marked the 600th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Poland and Turkey. The related celebration has been perceived as a way to broaden bilateral relations between the two nations, as collaboration has not fully achieved its economic potential. The past 200 years of Polish-Turkish relations depicted in this article stand as a remarkable example of cooperation between two different cultures and traditions. Recent Polish-Turkish relations as seen in a broader European context represent the emergence of a “new beginning” of opportunity for both nations. Poland has a chance to become an intermediary nation between the EU and Turkey and to be involved in the creation of a new type of relationship between Turkey and the EU.

10

Aktywność prosumpcyjna nabywców finalnych – kontekst relacyjny

63%

Baruk A. I.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 350

31-41

PL

W artykule zostały przedstawione zagadnienia związane z aktywnością prosumpcyjną nabywców finalnych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na znaczenie relacji między oferentami i nabywcami, traktując te relacje jako punkt odniesienia dla prosumpcyjnych zachowań nabywców. Na podstawie wyników badań empirycznych zidentyfikowano opinie respondentów na temat znaczenia, jakie przypisywali relacjom z trzema grupami oferentów, czyli producentami, handlowcami i usługodawcami, oraz sposób oceniania przez badanych wcześniejszych relacji łączących ich z każdą z tych grup. Dzięki wykorzystaniu testu Kruskala–Wallisa stwierdzono, że gotowość ankietowanych do wchodzenia w relacje z oferentami poprzez aktywność prosumpcyjną jest cechą różnicującą w sposób statystycznie istotny zakres tej aktywności.

EN

In the article the problems of prosumeric activity of final purchasers were presented. The special attention was paid to meaning of relations between offerors and purchasers treating these relations as the context for prosumeric behaviors. On the base of the empirical research the respondents’ opinions on meaning of relations with producers, retailers and service providers were identified. The way of estimation by respondents earlier relations with each of these groups of offerors was identified too. Thanks using Kruskal–Wallis test one can state that readiness for relations with offerors by prosumeric activity is the feature diversifying statistically the scope of this activity.

11

Design user experience jako podstawa budowania relacji w sektorze kreatywnym

63%

Osika G.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2019

|

vol. 388

122-133

PL

Głównym celem rozważań jest opis design user experience oraz ocena możliwości wykorzystania tej metody jako podstawy budowania relacji w sektorze kreatywnym. Wieloaspektowe myślenie oparte na integracji doświadczeń różnych dziedzin, jakie wykorzystuje UX, ułatwia budowanie relacji i skupianie się na wspólnym celu, jakim jest powstanie określonego produktu oraz jego dystrybucja. Przyjęto, że projektowanie w tym ujęciu ukierunkowuje uwagę w procesach budowania relacji na osiąganiu wspólnego celu, a nie na odmiennych metodach działania i dzięki temu stwarza szansę na przełamanie branżowych praktyk na rzecz tworzenia innowacyjnych rozwiązań, dla których pozytywne doznanie użytkownika jest celem ostatecznym, jaki stawiają sobie wszyscy interesariusze zaangażowani w prace nad produktem. Analiza ma charakter teoretyczny, zawiera opis sposobu rozumienia procesu projektowego, typowy dla UX, oraz ocenę możliwości wykorzystania jego założeń do budowania szeroko rozumianych relacji i w konsekwencji może stanowić cenną wskazówkę metodyczną do podejmowania konkretnych działań.

EN

The main aim of the considerations is to describe the design user experience and assess the possibility of using it as a foundation for building relations in the creative sector. Multidimensional thinking based on the integration of experiences from different areas on which UX is based, facilitates building relations and focusing on a common goal, which is the creation of a specific product and its distribution. It has been assumed that designing in this perspective focuses attention in the processes of building relationships, on achieving a common goal and not on different methods of action, and thus creates an opportunity to break through industry practices for creating innovative solutions, for which positive user experience is the ultimate goal set by all stakeholders involved in product development. The analysis is theoretical, contains a description of how to understand the design process, typical for UX, and an assessment of the possibility of using it for broadly understood relationships; as a consequence, it can provide valuable methodological guidance for taking specific actions.

12

Sieci organizacji tymczasowych – nowa perspektywa badawcza w zarządzaniu portfelami projektów

63%

Kozarkiewicz A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2015

|

vol. 224

83-95

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja zastosowań koncepcji sieci międzyorganizacyjnych do badań nad zarządzaniem portfelami projektów. Celem pierwszej części pracy jest stworzenie ram koncepcyjnych sieciowego ujęcia portfela projektów: pokazanie charakterystyk sieci projektów oraz ich głównych kategorii. W drugiej części artykułu wskazano i przedyskutowano potencjalne nowe obszary badawcze. Praca jest oparta na źródłach wtórnych w postaci wyników poprzednich badań autorki, ma charakter eksploratywny, skierowany na zakreślenie nowej perspektywy badawczej w obszarze zarządzania projektami.

EN

The main aim of the paper is to present the implementation of the concept of inter-organizational networks into the research on project portfolio management. In the first part of the paper the framework of network-based project portfolio concept was presented: the main characteristics of project network as well as the key categories of networks were delineated. In the next part of the work the major potential research area were distinguished and discussed. The article is based on the previous research, and it is oriented towards exploration of a new research perspective in project management.

13

Konflikty międzyorganizacyjne w sieciach publicznych

63%

Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek K.

Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 376

182-194

PL

Choć konflikty stanowią nieodłączny element współpracy międzyorganizacyjnej, to problematyka ta w sieciach publicznych nie jest częstym przedmiotem badań. Istnieje zatem luka badawcza, a niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę wypełnienia jej części poprzez osiągnięcie dwóch celów: (1) zidentyfikowanie relacji pomiędzy konfliktami międzyorganizacyjnymi a innymi kluczowymi czynnikami współpracy w sieciach publicznych; (2) zbadanie wpływu konfliktów międzyorganizacyjnych na skuteczność działań w sieciach publicznych na przykładzie bezpieczeństwa publicznego. Cele te osiągnięto na podstawie badania desk research, procesu hermeneutycznego opartego na burzy mózgów oraz kwestionariusza ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają poznać uwarunkowania powstania i znaczenie konfliktów w sieciach publicznych, co okazuje się niezbędne do zrozumienia możliwości i ograniczeń współpracy międzyorganizacyjnej w sektorze publicznym.

EN

Conflicts are an inseparable element of inter-organisational collaboration, but they are not a common subject of research in the public networks. Therefore, there is a research gap, and this article is an attempt to fill its part by achieving two aims: (1) identifying the relationship between inter-organisational conflicts and other key factors of collaboration in the public networks; (2) investigating the impact of inter- -organisational conflicts on the effectiveness of activities in public networks on the example of public safety. These goals have been achieved on the basis of desk research, a hermeneutic process based on brainstorming and a questionnaire. The obtained results allow getting to know determinants and importance of conflicts in the public networks.

Refine search results

The Main Problems in the Relations Between the European Union and Turkey

SPECYFIKA POLSKO-IZRAELSKICH STOSUNKÓW KULTURALNYCH PO 1990 ROKU

Dialektyka równości.

The Character of Japan-China Relations since the earthquake of 2011

The Issue o f Hungarian ‑Slovak Diplomatic Connections in the Hungarian Parliament in 1939–1940

Russian-Chinese Trade in Kyakhta — Trade Development and Volume Indicators 1727–1861

The Russian‑Chinese Trade in Kyakhta, Its Organisation and Commodity Structure, 1727–1861

Kształtowanie relacji wspomagających innowacyjność muzeum

Polish-Turkish relations in the 19th and 20th centuries: The struggle for independence and modernization

Aktywność prosumpcyjna nabywców finalnych – kontekst relacyjny

Design user experience jako podstawa budowania relacji w sektorze kreatywnym

Sieci organizacji tymczasowych – nowa perspektywa badawcza w zarządzaniu portfelami projektów

Konflikty międzyorganizacyjne w sieciach publicznych