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EN
The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast coping skills, motivational profiles and perceived climate in elite young ice hockey, soccer, water polo and volleyball players. It was also our aim to examine how male and female athletes differ in the above mentioned psychometric measures. Men's soccer (n=23) and ice hockey (n=20), and also women's volleyball (n=15) and water polo (13) players ranged in age from 16 to 18 years (M age=17.17, SD=.85). Each team was a finalist in last year's national championship for their age group. The instruments used in this study included the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28). Cooperative learning does not tend to be high, as one would expect in elite team players. Ice hockey and soccer players usually had higher psychometric measures than water polo and volleyball players. Also, male athletes demonstrate better ACSI-28, PMCSQ-2, and SMS measures than their female counterparts in many of the variables. Amotivation seems to be the most important decisive factor both among team sports and male and female participants. Also, our results prove that there are major differences between young elite male and female team players, so coaches' work in most aspects of their work should be gender-specific. Coaches of youth teams have to understand the motivational factors and coping strategies their athletes demonstrate in order to optimally organize and plan the teaching-learning process in their exercises, especially focus on cooperative task-solving exercises.
EN
This paper reports on the results of a large-scale questionnaire survey, conducted in 2003, of message sending habits of Hungarian SMS writers and the linguistic peculiarities of SMSes themselves. The paper reveals that short text-containing messages constitute a favourite genre of communication mainly for young people, and especially for teenagers. The author discusses general (language-independent) characteristics of SMSes that are due to the technology of sending messages and to the function of SMSes. Thus, the writers strive for brevity and compactness, often use emoticons, and not infrequently ignore the rules of orthography. This genre of written communication exhibits creative linguistic solutions and patterns normally characteristic of spoken utterances. The function of abbreviations, the two main types of their origin, and the subjects' use of punctuation marks and other symbols is discussed in detail.
EN
Initially SMS, the short text-containing message sending system of cellular phones, served the purpose of personal communication. Nevertheless, as mobile phones have been catching on, the SMS has started to function in other ways (e.g., as replacement for postcards, news service, and even as a means of mass communication). Unexpectedly, SMS was given an important role during the 2002 parliamentary elections in Hungary. Between the two election rounds, campaigning was also going on via SMS (circular SMSes). Nearly all the 300 important messages of the two weeks have been documented. The results of the present research on election SMSes are as follows: (a) formerly observed phenomena of folklore or folklore-like texts have received a new medium; (b) the new type of spoken language usage has been strengthened; (c) SMS as a medium has been extended and put to new types of uses; (d) it follows the organisation of public mass communication; (e) it differs from the private language use of SMSes; (f) colourful linguistic humour and political talk in terms of experiences have appeared; (g) the SMS led to a total election campaign and it may have had an effect on the election results.
EN
The aim of this paper is to identify the role of projects in the development of innovative company on the example of selected innovative enterprises from Lower Silesia. The enterprise selected for the research was the Samorządowy Informator SMS Sp. z o.o., which provides five main e-services. Each of those was designed basing on project management methodology and is a response for the market needs. The article presents the development of selected e-services and the enterprise development that could be reached through these e-services. Orientation for projects is one of the pillars to implement company’s strategy. The analysis of the enterprise indicates that ability to create e-services as well as effective project portfolio management helps in company’s development on a competitive market.
EN
The author previously published three papers in this journal concerning the world of SMS: on election SMSs (2003), on SMS as electronic graffiti (2004), and on SMS news (2005). In the present, concluding paper of the series, the folklore-type characteristics of SMS messages are investigated, using methods of folkloristics, textology, and anthropological linguistics. The theoretical point of departure is that folklore phenomena do exist irrespective of historical period or social layer. This is the basis of present-day folklore (also known as post-folklore) or, as it is also referred to in this paper: e-folklore, minimalistic folklore, computer folklore, or SMS folklore. Folklore-type characteristics of the techno-cultural world are described in terms of the paradigms of tradition vs. innovation, spoken vs. written communication (mediality), international vs. national aspects, etc. Within e-folklore, the author's special interest lies in SMS folklore. The most typical text types of SMS folklore are discussed in the following thematic order: festive messages, courtship/love, chain letters (forwarded letters), funny/tricky/misleading texts, and maxims. After a folkloristic/linguistic analysis of the corpus, the author states that SMS as a means of social communication offers human relationships, in particular, those formed by folklore messages, not only a novel medium but also a novel quality. It is not simply the case that traditional Christmas, Easter etc. postcards undergo a shift of medium and can be sent as SMS messages from now on. Three features of that novel quality are as follows: (a) extension of the human brain, of folklore memory (SMS storage, internet data bases), (b) automation of contacts: mobile phones and SMS make keeping in touch easy, (c) the psychology of contacts: SMS psychologically alleviates a number of types of inhibition; in other words, messages can be sent by SMS practically uninhibited. It is to be emphasized that although SMS folklore does exhibit anthropological, 'eternally human' characteristics in may ways, it also shows particular features of what is known as post-folklore rather than traditional folklore, due to changes in the general circumstances.
EN
The author previously published three papers in this journal concerning the world of SMS: on election SMSs (2003), on SMS as electronic graffiti (2004), and on SMS news (2005). In the present, concluding paper of the series, the folklore-type characteristics of SMS messages are investigated, using methods of folkloristics, textology, and anthropological linguistics. The theoretical point of departure is that folklore phenomena do exist irrespective of historical period or social layer. This is the basis of present-day folklore (also known as post-folklore) or, as it is also referred to in this paper: e-folklore, minimalistic folklore, computer folklore, or SMS folklore. Folklore-type characteristics of the techno-cultural world are described in terms of the paradigms of tradition vs. innovation, spoken vs. written communication (mediality), international vs. national aspects, etc. Within e-folklore, the author's special interest lies in SMS folklore. The most typical text types of SMS folklore are discussed in the following thematic order: festive messages, courtship/ love, chain letters (forwarded letters), funny/tricky/misleading texts, maxims. After a folkloristic/linguistic analysis of the corpus, the author states that SMS as a means of social communication offers human relationships, in particular, those formed by folklore messages, not only a novel medium but also a novel quality. It is not simply the case that traditional Christmas, Easter etc. postcards undergo a shift of medium and can be sent as SMS messages from now on. Three features of that novel quality are as follows: (a) extension of the human brain, of folklore memory (SMS storage, internet databases), (b) automation of contacts: mobile phones and SMS make keeping in touch easy, (c) the psychology of contacts: SMS psychologically alleviates a number of types of inhibition; in other words, messages can be sent by SMS practically uninhibited. It is to be emphasized that although SMS folklore does exhibit anthropological, 'eternally human' characteristics in may ways, it also shows particular features of what is known as postfolklore rather than traditional folklore, due to changes in the general circumstances.
EN
Dynamic scientific and technical development in the aviation is one of the factors that support implementation of new techniques and technologies, organizational and legal regulations. It can also be an element that increase the probability of the occurrence of a risk and dangerous mistakes. According to ICAO regulations countries are obliged to prepare and implement State Safety Programmes. An aspiration to increase the level of safety in the aviation lead to evolution of thinking about the prevention from hazardous situation. It is more valuable for safety, when a person who had behave in a unacceptable way inadvertently or notice misstatement in the regulations report about that fact and alert the organisation about the danger than latent knowladge crucial for safety management in fear of consequences. Having the safety report organisation may change the procedures, recommendations oraz training programmes in the way to improve the safety. It is crucial to drawn the line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Just Culture is one of the element that support organisations in building methods and politics to find that line.
EN
The article describes the methods of the SMS genre use, emphasising language competency (system proficiency) and communication competency (including pragmatic competency) of the tested group. The author presents the results of tests performed on a group of children with hearing disability (with various rate and type of hearing disability) aged 12–16 and confronts the results with the results achieved in the group of children without hearing issues (development norm). The article attempts to determine the mutual relations between language and communication competency acquisition by children with hearing disability and their genre competency. Short Message Service (SMS) was used as an example genre.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę negatywnego wpływu nowoczesnych technologii teleinformatycznych, w tym komputera i telefonu komórkowego, na zdrowie młodego człowieka. Wpływ ten objawia się chorobami kręgosłupa, pogorszeniem wzroku, obniżeniem poziomu kondycji fizycznej, rozdrażnieniem wywołanym przez smog elektromagnetyczny, narażeniem na choroby nowotworowe poprzez promieniowanie wytwarzane przez telefony komórkowe oraz stacje bazowe, a także uzależnieniem, zwłaszcza od obioru nowych informacji w postaci poczty e-mail lub SMS-ów. Te wszystkie zagrożenia dotyczą zwłaszcza ludzi młodych, dla których technologia teleinformatyczna jest naturalnym składnikiem życia i rozwoju, który odbywa się w czasie wielkiego i szybkiego postępu technologicznego.
EN
The Influence of the Digitization of Life on the Deterioration of the State of Health of a Youth. The article undertakes the problems of a negative influence of modern IT technologies, computers and mobile phones among them, on a young man’s health. This influence shows itself in spine diseases, sight deterioration, reduction of the level of physical condition, exasperation caused by electromagnetic smog, exposing to cancer diseases by the radiation produced by mobile phones and base stations, as well as addictions, particularly to the receiving of new information in the form of e-mails and sms messages. All these threats especially relate to young people, for whom IT technologies are a natural ingredient of life and development taking place during the great and fast evolution of IT technologies.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem negatywnego wpływu technologii teleinformatycznych na studentów informatyki rzeszowskich uczelni. Zostały tu poruszone m.in. takie kwestie, jak: uzależnienie od komputera i Internetu, negatywny wpływ komputerowych gier, zjawisko infomanii, wpływ digitalizacji na pogorszenie kondycji fizycznej użytkowników komputerów i inne.
EN
This article picks up the problem of negative influence of information and communication technologies on students of computer science studying on universities and colleges in Rzeszów. In this article were raised such issues as: addiction to computer and Internet, negative influence of computer games, the infomania phenomenon, influence of digitalisation on deterioration of the physical condition of the computer users etc.
11
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PL
W artykule omówiono zagadnienie kultury wypowiedzi w komunikacji elektronicznej. Pod uwagę wzięto popularne wśród młodych osób porozumiewanie się z wykorzystaniem SMS-ów, portali społecznościowych i aplikacji oraz poczty elektronicznej. Przedstawiono najczęstsze błędy popełniane w komunikacji elektronicznej.
EN
The article discusses the issue of cultural expression in the electronic communication. They were taken into account popular among young people to communicate using SMS, social networking sites and applications and e-mail. They were presented the most common mistakes made in the electronic communication.
12
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Content available

Cechy komunikacji elektronicznej

63%
EN
Contemporary electronic media have become a frequent object of linguistic research. The present analysis concerns one of its most popular manifestations – the short text message. 160 private text messages, both Polish and English, have been investigated in terms of their formal features, with a focus placed mainly on the aspect of text reduction with respect to the presence or absence of its phatic elements, primarily forms of address, greetings, leave-takings, emoticons as well as punctuation. The analysis conducted also with reference to an earlier investigation of the electronic mail has demonstrated a significant percentage of the conventional text elements elimination in text messages in comparison to emails, especially of forms of address and greetings, a formal reduction of leave-taking formulas as well as the omission of punctuation, this way indicating how many elements of communication appear to be redundant. The analysis has also shown visible differences between Polish and English text messages, particularly in terms of the frequency of the use of such aspects as the signature, the leave-taking formula, the use of emoticons and word abbreviations, which appear to be a more typical element of English rather than Polish text messages.
PL
Współczesne media elektroniczne stały się celem licznych badań językoznawczych. Niniejsza analiza dotyczy jednej z najpopularniejszych ich odmian – krótkiej wiadomości tekstowej. 160 prywatnych SMSów, zarówno w języku polskim, jak i angielskim przebadano pod względem ich cech formalnych, skupiając się głównie na aspekcie redukcji tekstu pod względem obecności bądź eliminacji elementów fatycznych, szczególnie zwrotów adresatywnych, powitań, pożegnań oraz emotikonów, a także interpunkcji. Badanie przeprowadzone również w odniesieniu do wcześniejszej analizy wiadomości mailowych wykazało znaczny procent eliminacji elementów konwencjonalnych tekstu w SMSach w porównaniu z mailami, szczególnie zwrotów adresatywnych i powitań, redukcję formalną zwrotów pożegnalnych oraz omijanie znaków przystankowych, pokazując tym samym, jak dużo elementów w komunikacie jest redundantnych. Analiza wykazała również widoczne różnice między SMSami polskimi i angielskimi, zwłaszcza pod względem frekwencji takich elementów, jak podpis, zwrot pożegnalny, użycie emotikonów oraz skracanie wyrazów, które znacznie częściej występowały w tekstach angielskich niż polskich.
PL
Opracowanie powstało w wyniku realizacji badań naukowych w ramach projektu FP7-GALILEO-2011 -GSA-1 SHERPA „Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region Pre-operational Actions in GNSS" [1]. Podczas implementacji nowych technik i technologii satelitarnych pojawiła się konieczność wykonania safety case, a wraz z nią problem naukowy, w jaki sposób tego dokonać. Przyjęta hipoteza robocza została zweryfikowana teoretycznie i empirycznie, a osiągnięte wyniki badań umożliwiły stworzenie nowego modelu wykonywania analizy ryzyka związanego z implementacją technik i technologii satelitarnych dla potrzeb lotnictwa oraz opracowanie na tej podstawie safety case. Model ten został następnie przyjęty na forum międzynarodowym, podczas warsztatów roboczych w ramach projektu SHERPA (Eurocontrol i GSA). W niniejszym materiale zaprezentowano tylko wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące humans factors, niezbędne w systemie zarządzania bezpieczeństwem (SMS), gdyż stanowią one przedmiot permanentnych, certyfikowanych szkoleń w branży lotniczej. Opracowany model został również pozytywnie zweryfikowany empirycznie i włączony do szkolenia kadry Wojewódzkiego Inspektoratu Transportu Drogowego. Przeprowadzone badania naukowe oraz uzyskane wyniki uprawniają do stwierdzenia, że przy implementacji rozwiązań organizacyjnych, technicznych i prawnych należy sporządzać safety case, stosując prezentowany model. Konieczne jest również uwzględnianie szkoleń omawiających hu-man factorw każdej sferze działalności człowieka jako niezbędnego elementu SMS, szczególnie w procesie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi.
EN
The present article is based on the findings of scientific research conducted within the FP7-GALILEO-2011-GSA-1 project, acronym SHERPA (Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region Pre-operational Actions in GNSS"[1]). The implementation of novel techniques and technologies triggered the requirement for preparation of a safety case, while generating a scientific problem of how this should be done. The working hypothesis adopted was verified both theoretically and empirically, while the obtained results allowed the development of a new model for assessing risks related to the implementation of satellite techniques and technologies for the purposes of aviation, upon which the safety case was built. The model was adopted at the international forum during the SHERPA project workshops (Eurocontrol and GSA). This article discusses only issues related to human factors, which are essential for the Safety Management System (SMS) and the subject of permanent certified trainings in the aviation industry. The model was developed which underwent positive empirical verification and became the subject of training offered to the staff of the Voivodeship Inspectorate of Road Transport, for the first time in Poland. Based on scientific research conducted and its results, it can be concluded that the implementation of organizational, technical or legał solutions requires the safety case to be built using the model presented herein. Additionally, human factors training is an indispensable SMS element and it should be applied to every sphere of human activity, particularly those involving human resource management.
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