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1

THE EFFECT OF DOCUMENT-WRITING TECHNIQUES ON THE EMERGENCE OF SURNAMES IN THE 14TH CENTURY

100%
Sliz M.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2008
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vol. 104
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issue 2
186-197
EN
The claim that document-writing techniques had a major influence on the emergence of family names is a commonplace in onomatology. But what exactly does this mean? What was the nature and extent of that influence? These questions make further research necessary; the aim of the present paper is merely to contribute a few observations. The data have been collected from documents written in the first one-third of the fourteenth century and have been restricted to noblemen's or noblewomen's names. In the period under study, the use of distinctive names can be said to have been general. However, the name of a particular person occurred in widely different versions. The reason may have been that the person had acquired a new property or been awarded a new position or dignity. Also, the 'explicitness' of the name may have depended on the person's social status, gender, and role in the affair recorded in the document, as well as what image he/she wanted to project of himself/herself. These facts allow us to conclude that, a few exceptions apart, we cannot speak of inherited surnames in this period, even with respect to the nobility. The intention to achieve precision and invariability of reference is more appropriate to consider as a factor facilitating the stabilization of two-element names with respect to commoners, especially servants and serfs. The detailing circumscriptions occurring in nobles' names were a retarding, rather than facilitating, factor in the stabilization of two-element personal names.
2

THE POSSIBILITY OF A NEW KIND OF SYSTEMATIZATION OF HUNGARIAN FAMILY NAMES

100%
N-Fodor J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2008
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vol. 104
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issue 3
286-306
EN
The new approach to the analysis of family names proposed here bears some similarity to motivation-based systematizations of traditional typologies. The basis of naming is most often related to some peculiarity or characteristic attribute of the person named. In such cases, the (part of a) name concerned has a peculiarity-marking function (Hoffmann, 1999). Given the basic theorem that name giving is mainly determined by extra-linguistic factors (elements of reality), it is most appropriate to delimit peculiarity-marking categories cognitively on the basis of the relationship between the name bearer and a segment or constituent of reality. Linguistic meaning 'is closely related to cognition, that is, the way we perceive the world around us' (Kiefer, 2007). In terms of cognitive semantics, human perception identifies a smaller, less conspicuous, less readily identifiable object or entity (figure) in relation to a larger, more static piece of reality carrying known information (ground). In that relationship, five elements of reality can be discerned: (1) the individual being named, (2) a person or group of persons, (3) society, (4) a place, and (5) relevant things or events.
3

Bydgoskie nazwiska pochodzenia niemieckiego. Rekonesans badawczy

80%
Jaracz M.
Onomastica
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2012
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vol. 56
105–116
EN
The influence of the German language on the development of the Polish naming system is indisputable. This is confirmed by the studies of Polish linguists and numerous publications authored by Edward Breza, Kazimierz Rymut, Barbara Czopek-Kopciuch, and others. In the early Middle Ages, the territories of Pomerania, Silesia, and Great Poland were beginning to be settled by German colonizers. Historians state that in the 14th century, the brothers Jan and Konrad Kiesselhuth founded what is today Bydgoszcz. The town received city law from King Kazimierz the Great and was said to be named originally Kunigesburg (Königsberg). For analysis of the influence of the German language on the development of surnames of Bydgoszcz’s inhabitants, three historical periods are important: 1. from the city’s founding to the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries; 2. the period of the Prussian partition (1772–1920); 3. the period of war and occupation (1939–1945). Invaluable for research on Bydgoszcz anthroponymy would be a search query of various types of sources, including address books for the city of Bydgoszcz from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, church books preserved in German archives, numerous documents from the State Archives in Bydgoszcz, and press and cartographic materials from the collections of the Municipal and Provincial Library. This would allow preparation of a comprehensive monograph on the subject of Bydgoszcz surnames of German origin.
4

EAST SLAVIC ELEMENTS IN SURNAMES OF CONTEMPORARY RESIDENTS OF CHELM

80%
Czubala K.
Slavia Orientalis
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2006
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vol. 55
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issue 4
587-597
EN
This article is devoted to the quantitative and qualitative analysis of anthroponyms of Eastern European origin appearing in the surnames of contemporary residents of Chelm (Poland). On the basis of collected material the authoress attempts to describe the semantics and etymology of anthroponyms in which phonetic and word formative elements were discovered, all of them being a part of Eastern Slavic (Ukrainian in particular) language system. What needs to be underlined is the fact that the presence of eastern Ukrainian elements in surnames of contemporary Chelm dwellers is connected with the migration of Poles and Ukrainians, situation of the town and its social and political position in history.
5

FIRST NAMES AND SURNAMES OF BULGARIANS IN Z. STOYANOV'S 'NOTES ON THE BULGARIAN UPRISINGS': A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANNALS OF BULGARIAN ANTHROPONYMY, PART II

80%
Sendek R.
Onomastica
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2003
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vol. 48
191-208
EN
This article is the second and final part of a greater whole, dedicated to the anthroponymy contained in Zakhari Stoyanov's work entitled 'Notes on the Bulgarian Uprisings' (volumes 1-3, Sofia 1884-1892). The first part of the study appeared in 'Onomastica', vol. 46 (2001), pp. 245-272. In this article surnames and bynames are presented that were recorded in Stoyanov's work. The material is grouped by distinguishing surnames that came from bynames, surnames that came from profession/occupation, and toponymic surnames. Among bynames three groups are distinguished: bynames that are nouns, those that are adjectival (few), and bynames of unclear etymology. Among bynames that are nouns the following sub-groups are distinguished: bynames created from nouns with meanings that designate objects; bynames created from nouns designating animals; bynames created from nouns designating the activities of people, occupation, or profession; bynames from nouns designating geographic and locational origin; bynames characterizing a person according to traits of character, behavior, appearance, or type, or distinguishing characteristic; as well as bynames that were given names.
6
Content available remote

Proper names of Lithuanian origin in Dysna region

70%
Adamkovicius A., Garsva K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
301-310
EN
From 1500 gathered oikonyms in Dysna region about 100 (6.6%) place names are of Lithuanian origin. In reality there are more of them: part of them became more Slavonic, they were translated so it is more difficult to recognize them. In the areas nearer to the Republic of Lithuania and Breslav there are more Lithuanianisms, e.g. in the parish of Ikazne (District of Teterkovka) and among the names of present villages the Lithuanianisms make a quarter (25%) more: Aukslys (Uklia), Bijeikiai (Bijeiki), Dervaniskiai (Dervanishki), Kamsa (Kumsha), Kliausai (Kliavsy), Pasiutiskes (Posiutishki), Pazardziai (Pozhardje), Petkunai (Petkuny), Sparunai (Sporuny), Sakalyne (Shokoleushchina), Siaulenai (Shauliany), Varai (Vary), etc. According to the data of the visitation of Breslav deanery there was written in Polish that there were in Druja these clearer oikonyms of Lithuanian origin: Arshele 'Arseliai', Druja, Jaja 'Jauja', Jodkovshchyna 'Juodkyne', Obolonie, Poviacie 'Paviete', Pupinovo, Pushkele 'Puskeliai', Raksniovo, Rovbie 'Raubiai', Stashule 'Staciuliai', Svilkovo, Shalcinovo, Sharkele 'Sarkeliai', Vaise 'Vaisiai', Viata 'Vieta', Zubry 'Zubrai'. Between Verchnedvinsk and Polock there could be such Lithuanian place names: Kaziulyne (Kozulino), Ziaunava (Zhevnovo), Rastava (Rashtovo), Ezyne (Azino), Daugnoriai (Dochnary). In the eastern part of Belarus among Polock, Vitebsk and the border of Russia and Belarus there are also some hydronyms and oikonyms of Lithuanian origin (namely Lithuanian, not Baltic) that are found in the territory of Russia as well: Serksniai (Shershni), Udviete (Udviaty), Usviecai (Usviaty), etc. In the district of Sharkovshchina there are more than 20 oikonyms that have a Lithuanian root or suffix: Abalojn (cf. obuolys), Biarnaty (cf. bernas), Gernuty (-Gernuciai), Girsy (cf. girdeti), Jody (-Juodziai), Kausheleva (cf. kausas), Kaukli (cf. kaukti), Labuti (-Labuciai), Svily (Svilai, 3 places), Sharkovshchina (cf. sarka, Slavonic soroka). Oikonyms Bialiany (-Bielenai), Galava (cf. Galas), Pramiany (cf. piemene) have suffixes -any (-enai), -ava, -eik- (-eikiai), -uk, -ut. There are more than 20 family names in the district: Kukut' (-Kukutis), Labut' (-Labutis), Protas, Vazgird (-Vosgirdas), Zhingel' (-Zingelis), etc. Some villages were named after the family names. It is an interesting fact that the family name Protas (oikonym Protasy) has retained the ending -as.
7

Nazwiska polskiego pochodzenia w Kilonii w Niemczech. Procesy adaptacyjne

61%
Spychala J. M.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2011
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vol. 22
115-132
EN
The article presents the results of a preliminary analysis of surnames of Polish origin in the capital of German federal state Schleswig-Holstein - Kiel. The starting point for the studies was the telephone directory. The surnames of the city residents beginning with the letters p, q, r and s, have been chosen for the analysis. The result of the research is a list of Polish surnames, along with the forms of their transcription, appearing on the analysed pages of the directory. 727 various names and 848 forms of transcription have been studied all together. The onyms have been analysed with the view of presenting different processes of their adaptation to the German linguistic system. Following Czopek-Kopciuch (2004), the author has accepted the division into graphic-phonetic and morphological adaptations. The article presents in detail the ways in which the surnames have been adapted to German as well as provides numerous examples of such adaptations. Furthermore, the author discusses briefly extralinguistic factors that also influence the changes in the surnames. At this stage of research, it was important to compare the surnames selected from the telephone directory with the personal lists rendered accessible by the Kiel Statistics Office (including the surnames of residents with double, Polish and German, citizenship).
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