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EN
The article is dedicated to the issue of the payment of dividends by the Polish listed companies. Author makes an attempt to determine the impact of dividends on stock prices, and consequently - relation to them all investors. The analysis was based on the daily quotation of stock prices of companies paying an annual dividend. The survey includes periods were mainly from the General Meeting of Shareholders of the last day of quotations of shares with dividend and cut-off period from the date of the stock dividend to the date on which the stock price reaches the price before that date. The purpose of the empirical analysis was to verify whether the behavior of stock prices during the past occurred in connection with the regularity of dividend and whether it is possible to determine on this basis, the optimal strategy to invest in these values based on the above-average price changes.
EN
The regulations of the Act of 21 August 1997 on limitations related to conducting businesses by persons who perform public functions, comprise a set or anti-corruption provisions. One of them sets out that it is forbidden to own more than 10 per cent of stocks or a share that represents more than 10 per cent of the seed capital in commercial companies. A breach of this ban can result in termination of the mandate or termination of employment without notice, with consequences set out in Article 52 of the Labour Code. The article presents the scope of the said ban, as well as the application of sanctions for breaching this ban. Although ratio legis of the legal solutions is to prevent situations that might tempt to abuse public functions, the analysis made shows that this aim has not been achieved. Moreover, it seems that the regulation currently in force does not provide for too many situations in which a conflict of interest may appear (understood as financial interest in the company performance). The bans introduced have been analysed as for their compliance with the Constitution of Poland. Although they are compliant with the Constitution, some court rulings modify, on the basis of concrete situations, sanctions applied for breaches of anti-corruption acts.
EN
In the literature, price adjustment delay is treated as one of the consequences of market frictions. The problem was probably first defined in (Fama, Fisher, Jensen, Roll, 1969), where the authors dealt with adjustment delay of asset prices to new information. Fama (1970) used the notion of price adjustment delay in the context of the semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Chordia and Swaminathan (2000) proposed a measure of equity prices adjustment delay to information. To incorporate the nonsynchronous trading effect into the measure, they employed Dimson's (1979) beta regression procedure. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the problem of asset prices adjustment delay in the case of stocks from the Warsaw Stock Exchange, in the period Jan 2007-Dec 2012.
EN
This article deals with problem of informational efficiency of capital markets. In the first part theory of efficient capital markets created by Eugene Fama is described. The evolution of efficient capital market definition is presented and a new one is introduced. In the next part of the article proper null hypothesis is constructed and methods used to verify it are discussed. Author presents three groups of verification techniques: tests of autocorrelation, tests of randomness and unit root tests. In the third part of the text results of these statistical tests applied to prices of shares included in WIG20 index and values of this index as well are described. In the last part of article economic consequences for investors are presented.
PL
W artykule rozważano zagadnienie budowy portfela papierów wartościowych na podstawie rankingów uzyskanych za pomocą wielokryterialnej metody AHP, która umożliwia ocenę wariantów decyzyjnych (spółek) przez pryzmat wielu kryteriów. Jako kryteria oceny spółek wykorzystano charakterystyki, takie jak stopa zwrotu, odchylenie standardowe stopy zwrotu, współczynnik β oraz współczynnik asymetrii stopy zwrotu. W rozważaniach wyznaczono rankingi dla różnych zestawów wag odzwierciedlających ważność kryteriów. Ponadto, wyznaczone portfele, do konstrukcji których zastosowano metodę wielokryterialną, porównano z klasycznym portfelem Markowitza.
EN
The article presents a practical application of the AHP method to select portfolios. The method is one of the multiple criteria decision making methods and it enables to compare considered objects for each criterion and creates a ranking of all the objects. Building a portfolio is a problem of selecting these objects - quoted companies, that have, for example, high return rate and low return rate standard deviation, but also other features like low β coefficient or high skewness coefficient - that is why all mentioned characteristics were considered as criteria. The multiple criteria rankings, built on the basis of the AHP method, can help to choose the best listed companies to the portfolio. To compare the profit rate of created this way portfolios, a classical portfolio based on Markowitz approach was also appointed.
EN
This article consists primarily of discriminant analysis, which could be used as a tool to guide the investors to choose appropriate shares. Author used data on the financial situation of various companies from three various branches. The objects in the examination were descibed through set of financial indicators. The purpose of the discriminative models was to select the companies that had a higher return rate than average in a three month period after publishing quarterly financial reports. The use of the k-means method amends quality of the discriminant model improving the chance to figure out an effective prognostic tool.
EN
Paper presents the construction and analysis of the attractiveness measure of financial instruments based on the occupation time of the price process. Analysis has been conducted under assumption that stock price is a geometric Brownian motion process. Asymptotic formulas and relation to classical risk measures has been shown.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to perform analysis of changes in level of real estates' purchases by foreign citizens in Poland in 2007-2011. Moreover the author tries to describe origins of trends in this statistics. The basis for analysis is data published in yearly Report of Ministry of Interior concerning fulfillment of the act on purchases of real estates by foreign citizens. The act establishes protective measures in order to control especially purchases of ground plots by foreign citizens. On one hand it is observed that liberal regulations concerning investments by foreign entities are implemented in Poland and on the other hand the act includes specified limitations to purchases of real estates (including ground plots) that in some situations can become the basis for economic activity
EN
This paper presents the basic properties of the extended Gini coefficient as a risk measure. We define the measure of systematic risk (beta coefficient) and the correlation between securities based on the extended Gini coefficient. The presented issues we illustrate with empirical research conducted on the basis of selected shares quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
PL
Zasadniczy cel opracowania ogniskuje się wokół przedstawienia wyników badań empirycznych nad zróżnicowaniem absolutnych i względnych wartości całkowitego zwrotu dla akcjonariuszy spółek publicznych należących do dwóch subindeksów giełdowych: WIG-Media i WIG-Energia w 2016 r. W artykule zaprezentowano dwuwymiarowe podejście do oceny wskaźnika TSR. Pierwsze z nich skupia się na przedstawieniu najczęściej spotykanych w literaturze przedmiotu wariantów metodologicznych służących do wyodrębnienia bezwzględnych wartości omawianego wskaźnika, obrazujących ogół korzyści ekonomicznych płynących dla inwestorów z tytułu posiadanych papierów wartościowych określonej spółki w jednym okresie lub ciągu tych okresów. Drugie z nich, eksponujące behawioralne podejście do oceny pomiaru dokonań podmiotu gospodarczego, ilustruje nie tylko wytworzoną (utraconą) wartość względem akcjonariuszy, ale i oczekiwania rynku w procesie zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem.
EN
The article presents a two-dimensional approach to the assessment of the total shareholders return for investors of listed companies, taking into account the need for using both absolute and relative TSRs indicator’ formulas. The first of them illustrates the overall economic benefits for investors as a results of held shares of company ,during one or more of these periods. The latter illustrate not only the value generated for the shareholders but also the market expectations in the enterprise management process. Completed empirical studies have shown the variability of the value of total shareholders return for owners of public listed companies belonging to: WIG-Media Index and WIG- -Energy Index in 2016, depending on the methodological variants used to calculate it.
EN
Allocation of capital on the stock market is a complicated process. For this reason, investors who make investment decisions, often use a various professional methods. Influence on choice of their have two theories, which are: the theory of market efficiency and behavioral theory. The aim of this article is to show the consequences which will cause the acceptance of any of the above theory, for the selection of tools support the allocation of capital.
EN
The subject of the paper is to analyze the goals within the Initial Public Offering (IPO) at Warsaw Stock Exchange. The analysis aims to determine the impact of the economic slowdown on the structure of planned expenditures from the resources gained through the first public share issuance. On the basis of the subject literature the hypothesis was assumed as follows: in the analyzed period the goals of shares issuance change, i.e., along with the economic downturn the financial resources are gained mainly to finance the organic development, to a lesser extent, however, they are used to finance mergers and acquisitions. The empirical research focused on analyzing the goals of shares issuance in prospectuses of 35 Polish industrial companies which in the analyzed period performed the first share issuance at WSE in Warsaw. The research findings allow to draw the conclusion that in the investigated period financing property investment and net working capital are the main directions for planning the use of resources from share issuance. One may also point at two years characterized by relatively high GDP dynamic, when a vast majority of resources was meant to finance the external development.
EN
Cumulative prospect theory is the leading approach in a description of real choices. According to these rules decision-maker valuates distributions of possible relative outcomes of decision alternatives. An attempt to use these rules on stock market meets with some difficulties. On the one hand an investor has data concerning past quotations, and on the other hand he wants to know which stock to select now in order to obtain the best outcome in the future. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether the consideration of additional information about the distribution of future investment's outcomes can contribute to the selection of stocks which will yield higher real gains, than stocks selected on the basis of valuation of past outcomes.
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PL
Proces pozyskania kapitału inwestycyjnego w drodze emisji akcji realizowany jest przy założonych uwarunkowaniach mikro- oraz makrootoczenia organizacji. Emitent przyjmuje założenie określające okres trwania emisji akcji oraz kwotę kapitału emisyjnego. Dynamika zmian uwarunkowań otoczenia może mieć wpływ na wielkość pozyskanego kapitału oraz czas pozyskania kapitału. Decyzjom zarządu organizacji gospodarczej towarzyszy ryzyko, którego źródłem jest zmienność uwarunkowań otoczenia, powodująca w skrajnych przypadkach, znaczne różnice od założeń emisji. Ryzyko podejmuje także inwestor, a jego wybór dyktuje oczekiwana stopa wzrostu Celem pracy konstrukcja instrumentu umożliwiającego redukcję niepewność zakupu akcji emisji publicznej. Jak identyfikować, jak je mierzyć i co istotne, jakie instrumenty analityczne zapewnią skuteczną i efektywną ocenę podjętego ryzyka?
EN
The process of gain over in road of emission of action the investment capital be realized near put conditioning as well as the micro and macro surroundings of organization. The emitent accepts the defining period of duration of emission of action foundation as well as the sum of the rate of issue capital. The dynamics of changes of conditioning surroundings can have the influence on size of gain over capital as well as the time of gaining over capital. The decisions of board of economic organization companions the risk which is the source the of conditioning of surroundings, causing in extreme cases, changeability the considerable differences from foundations of emission. Risk undertakes investor also, and his choice dictates the waited foot of growth. With aim of work the construction of instrument enabling the reduction the uncertainty of purchase of action public emission. How to identify, as to measure it and essential what do, what analytic instruments will assure effective and effective opinion undertaken risk?
Ekonomista
|
2021
|
issue 3
397-417
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania była próba określenia wpływu pojawiających się w latach 2013-2018 odpisów z tytułu utraty wartości aktywów na wycenę rynkową emitentów notowanych na warszawskiej giełdzie papierów wartościowych w subindeksie sektorowym WIG-Energia w krótkim horyzoncie czasu. Wykorzystano w tym celu metodykę analizy zdarzeń. Metoda bazująca na nadwyżkowych stopach zwrotu pozwala oszacować wpływ różnego rodzaju informacji napływających na rynek udostępnianych przez podmioty giełdowe, na kształtowanie się kursów ich papierów wartościowych. Wyniki opracowania pozwoliły na wskazanie, jak ogłoszenie utraty wartości aktywów wpływa na krótkoterminowe kształtowanie kursów akcji spółek sektora energetycznego. Uzyskane rezultaty badawcze poddano weryfikacji nieparametrycznym testem kolejności par Wilcoxona, którego wyniki wskazały na brak istotności statystycznej uśrednionych nadwyżkowych stóp zwrotu dla każdego z badanych dni okna zdarzenia. W związku z tym należy wskazać, że raportowanie odpisów z tytułu utraty wartości aktywów w przypadku emitentów z sektora energetycznego nie powoduje istotnego statystycznie krótkoterminowego spadku ich wyceny rynkowej. Uzyskane wyniki są sprzeczne z dotychczas obserwowanymi rezultatami badawczymi pochodzącymi z zagranicznych rynków kapitałowych oraz odnoszących się do emitentach zgrupowanych w innych sektorach GPW. Brak odnotowywanej wcześniej negatywnej reakcji rynku na informacje o odpisie w stosunku do wyceny rynkowej emitentów sektora energetycznego może wskazywać na istniejące na GPW branżowe zróżnicowanie dyskontowanie faktu utraty wartości aktywów w cenach akcji.
EN
Main purpose of this paper is an examination how information about impairment of assests affects on the market valuation of selected issuers listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange. I focused my research on issuers grouped in the sectoral index WIG - Energy. To verificiation of mentioned impact has been used an event study methodology. Based on the abnormal returns, method allows to estimate the importance of various types of information flowing into the market on the shaping of share prices. Obtained results in this way will allow to indicate how the announcement of impairment of assets affects the short-term prices of Energy sector companies. They can pose one factor of investment decision making on Warsaw Stock Exchange. The obtained research results were verified with the non-parametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. It indicated the lack of statistical significance of the averaged abnormal returns for each of the days of the event window. Therefore, it should be noted that reporting impairment of assets in the case of issuers grouped in the WIG-Energy index does not cause a statistically significant short-term decrease in their market valuation.
PL
Problematyka wyceny akcji, jak i innych instrumentów finansowych stwarza wiele problemów w teorii i praktyce rachunkowości. Przyczyną takiego stanu rzeczy jest stosowanie do wyceny instrumentów finansowych kategorii wartości godziwej. Wedle niej rozróżnia się dwa podstawowe rodzaje akcji: akcje posiadające ceny z aktywnego rynku oraz akcje, dla których takie ceny i rynek nie istnieją. Pierwsze wycenia się na podstawie zasad i kategorii rachunkowych. Do wyceny drugich stosuje się techniki szacowania wartości. W artykule na podstawie metod statystycznych dokonano oceny modeli szacowania wartości bilansowej akcji spółek giełdowych pod kątem ich przydatności w praktyce.
EN
The valuation of shares poses a number of problems in theoretical and practical accounting. These problems result from the application of the fair value category in share valuation. This concept makes a distinction between two basic types of shares: those for which prices are determined in active markets and those for which such prices and markets do not exist. The former shares are valuated on the basis of accounting principles and categories. The valuation of the latter ones is based on valuation models and techniques. The results presented in the paper indicate that if balance sheet valuations of shares cannot rely on fair value determined by active markets, valuation methods and techniques should make use of the DCF model based on WIG returns and DCF model according to average monthly increase in WIG returns and DCF model based on WIG20 returns and DCF model according to average monthly increase in WIG20 returns.
XX
Podjęto próbę przeanalizowania akceptacji kursów notowań banków na pierwszych sesjach przez rynek giełdowy. Badaniu poddano zachowanie się cen banków na pierwszych sesjach w odniesieniu do indeksu WIG, który uznano za odzwierciedlenie aktualnego stanu rynku, a także porównano średnią giełdową wartość akcji z okresu pierwszych notowań ze średnią do 29.12.1999 r. W analizach wykorzystano indeksy statystyczne oraz współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona pomiędzy zmianami wartości akcji spółek a indeksem WIG i wartościami akcji spółek a wartościami indeksu WIG.
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