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Understanding the effects of the resolutions of the 1884–85 Berlin Conference to Africa’s Development and Euro-Africa relations

100%

Idejiora-Kalu N.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

2019

issue 2

99-108

The incursion into Africa by Europe in the 19th Century was formally ratified by the 1884–85 Berlin Conference. The reason for Europe to decide in venturing into the South was basically centered on the need for natural resources and to be later realized deep yearnings for trade and cooperation with Africa. But the reverse was the case with the supposedly cooperation with Africa initiative in a conference that was strangely not to have Africa diplomatically represented and with resolutions which instead of enabling this proper partnership with Africa became a master — slave empire-type of relations. This master-slave relation is also seen in many aspects even in trade and is known also to have changed the economic behavior of African countries. An unequal relationship between the north and its colonies is revealed.

Chińskie inwestycje prywatne w Afryce: przypadek nielegalnego górnictwa złota w Ghanie

72%

Kopiński D., Sito A.

Forum Politologiczne

2014

vol. 16 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Problemy globalne, sektorowe, regionalne, lokalne

185-207

Chinese private investment in Africa has become an increasingly important dimension of Sino-African relations, even though both media and academia have preferred to focus on other forms of Chinese engagement. A massive influx of Chinese to the gold mining sector in Ghana has been particularly noteworthy in this respect. Gold rush in Ghana, which is the second biggest producer of gold in Africa, has been unfolding since 2006 and serves as an example of how complex and far-reaching consequences Chinese private business involvement may carry. On a micro level, this would involve aspects of environmental degradation, security and social tensions. Illegal gold miners have also become a burden on thriving Ghana-China relations, especially after clashes with Chinese residents which ended with casualties, but also triggered a nation-wide debate about misconduct of foreigners. This situation presents a grave problem for the Ghanaian government, which seeks to both cater for local constituency and nurture bilateral relations with China. The article argues that illegal mining performed by the Chinese would not be possible without an active involvement of local people. It would not be also possible without an existing legal framework which appears obsolete, difficult to execute and at times becomes a source of adverse socio-economic effects. Nonetheless, artisanal gold mining in Ghana, properly regulated and opened to foreign small business, could in fact lead to broader participation of Ghanaian society in natural resources wealth.

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1 Forum Politologiczne

1 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

1 Idejiora-Kalu N.

1 Kopiński D.

1 Sito A.

1 2019

1 2014

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Understanding the effects of the resolutions of the 1884–85 Berlin Conference to Africa’s Development and Euro-Africa relations

Chińskie inwestycje prywatne w Afryce: przypadek nielegalnego górnictwa złota w Ghanie