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EN
This paper analyzes the phonetical phenomenon of jejeo for the western Andalusian variety of European Spanish. Jejeo means that /s/ and /θ/ in syllable initial position are neutralized in favor of an aspirated sound [h]. While the relevant literature indicates that the phenomenon is barely occurring, mainly between rural, elderly or lower educated speakers, it can be shown in the first corpora of this contribution that urban Andalusians with university degrees also realize jejeo orally in determined co- and contexts. In another corpus it is demonstrated that speakers who have a tendency to practice jejeo in oral use can also practice the phenomenon phonographically when communicating digitally, here exemplified with the digital messaging platform WhatsApp. Hence hypervernacularization is not assumed in the context of Jejeo for the Jerezano speech community.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyse an anonymous homily written in ninth century northern Italy. Linguistic analysis of the text strongly supports the hypothesis that this example and similar texts would have been understood by listeners of the era when read aloud. This comprehensibility is ensured above all by the fact that the Latin vocabulary and morpho-syntax of this text are based not only on the classical norm but on the late and patristic norms. Even if the listeners had only passive competence of the language, this proves that Latin was still widely understood in the ninth century.
FR
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PL
W artykule omawiamy zróżnicowanie w wymowie końcówki (-ing) wśród nastolatków urodzonych w Szkocji oraz imigrantów z Polski mieszkających w Edynburgu. Rozkład wariantów wymowy morfemu pokazuje, że nastolatki polskie do pewnego stopnia przyswoiły sobie zróżnicowanie widoczne w wymowie młodzieży lokalnej. Widzimy zatem, że częstotliwość występowania wariantów in/ing może być postrzegana jako odzwierciedlenie wymowy lokalnej, jednak czynniki, które przyczyniają się do wyboru konkretnych wariantów, różnią się znacząco wśród grup.
EN
This study analyses (in/ing) variation among migrant (Polish) and local adolescents in two British cities: Edinburgh and London. We trace the distribution of variants available and suggest that the factors contributing to the acquisition of variation (or lack of it) among migrant adolescents, depends on a numer of language-internal and language-external factors. We argue that the frequency of occurrence of a given variant among migrant adolescents can be seen as a reflection of the speech pattern of their local peers. However, the factors that contribute to the variant choice differ significantly between the groups.
EN
Goals: In this paper we analyse the sociolinguistic situation of the Galician-speaking representatives of the bottommost social class just after the Spanish Civil War (the 50’s). This context is depicted in the novel A Esmorga of E. Blanco Amor. We introduce the notion of point of view (Bakhtin, Bartmiński) in order to analyse the world portrayed in the novel through the perception of the proper “esmorgantes”. Methodology: Analysis of the distribution of voices in A Esmorga and its sociolinguistic repercussions according to the theory of polyglossia of Mikhail Bakhtin and Das sprachliche Weltbild of E. Sapir and B. Whorf. Comparison of the vision of the world presented by Blanco Amor with the sociolinguistic insights of R. and X. Montero. Results: The voices in the novel are divided into the voice of power of the judge and the oppressed voice of the accused as a conscious election in which the word is given to the excluded. Conclusions: A Esmorga is a novel in which the reader finds a heterotopic vision of the world, divided between two voices and viewpoints. The esmorgantes reach the limits of human behaviour, although through this bordering experience they encounter a new language, the language of the truth.
EN
The article describes and analyses the linguistic situation and current status of Creole in the Cape Verde Islands. The focus is partly on the demography and the history, but mainly on the linguistic politics of this territory and the position of Creole in Cape Verdean society. Creole is the mother tongue of practically the entire Cape Verdean population and the language is used in all informal oral and written communication. The majority of the local population wish Creole to be used in schools and in formal written communication, desiring that the country will move definitively from diglossia to bilingualism.
EN
The term religious sociolect (religiolect) in this essay bears the meaning of a relatively stable, socially marked subsystem of the national language satisfying the needs for communication of a limited social group — the members of a particular religious community, reflecting a theocentric picture of the world and having specific lexical, phonetic-prosodical, formative and grammatical features. The language of the Orthodox clergy and church-going believers represents an independent microsystem, a religiolect belonging to Serbian national language, with its specific parameters and confessionally marked elements of all the levels of the language system organisation (orthoepic, graphic and orthographic, grammatical and lexical). The extralinguistic basis of the Orthodox sociolect consists of specific characteristics of the picture of world of the religious Serbian language speakers, as well as the constituents of their mentality — protectivity, sacrality, catholicity.
EN
“It has been the effort of the author to connect the study of language with the study of other branches of anthropology, for a language is best understood when the habits, customs, institutions, philosophy – the subject-matter of thought embodied in the language – are best known. The student of language should be a student of the people who speak the language; and to this end the book [paper – P.C.] has been prepared, with many hints and suggestions relating to other branches of anthropology.” Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
PL
“Wysiłek autora został skupiony na połączeniu zgłębiania języka ze zgłębianiem innych gałęzi antropologii, bowiem język jest najlepiej rozumiany gdy nawyki, obyczaje, instytucje, filozofia – esencja myśli urzeczywistnionej w języku – są najlepiej poznane. Badacz języka powinien zajmować się ludźmi, którzy mówią tym językiem; to właśnie było celem napisania tej książki [pracy – P.C.], zawierającej wiele odniesień do innych gałęzi antropologii”.     Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
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