Search results

1

Sudańskie dylematy - między bogactwem pomocy a nędzą rzeczywistości

100%

Bytyń A. M.

Forum Politologiczne

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2011

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vol. 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

367-391

EN

The question if Sudan is a rich or poor country brings different answers. Misery has always been understood in different ways in various cultures. In Africa misery is not always in contrast to wealth. In the case of Southern Sudan case you can look for the reasons for misery in the long-standing civil war. This war lasted nearly continuously from gaining independence in 1956 to signing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. The wartime caused devastation of the environment, the whole habitat and collapse of functioning of traditional social-economic forms of the local tribes. International community has promised to help Southern Sudan. Is Sudan - after five years since the peace agreement was signed getting richer? How are the non-governmental organizations working in this area? Are they helping? The situation of Southern Sudan after signing the peace agreement was very unstable. The balance of the long-standing war evokes dread even in estimation - about 2 million victims and over 4 million refugees. The humanitarian situation is one of the worst in the world, what is more, local fights are still taking place there. As a result of the peace agreement Southern Sudan is now an autonomic region with its own government, its dominant members are people from one tribe - Dinka, which just intensifies the conflicts between the tribes. International organizations which bring help in Southern Sudan work there on a few levels. It should create some logical entirety, however it causes problems in vindication of the donor's money. The most important players are donors - they divide funds among the United Nations Agencies and different types of non-governmental organizations. After the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union are the most visible activists in the South. The situation of Southern Sudan is an undeniable proof of the phenomenon of poverty spreading extensively. Economists claim that the main reason for the poverty is lack of capital. Southern Sudan is, however, one of the poorest regions in the world, even though millions of dollars of international aid flow there every year.

2

Między ładem i chaosem. Ulica omdurmańska widziana oczami etnografa

100%

Kurcz M.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2015

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vol. 15

154-166

EN

This paper focuses on an African street experienced as profoundly contradictory. It departs from Adeline Masquelier`s observation that this landscape is an object of both fascination and terror, and a space of both fear and desire. The street offers jobs, goods and economic opportunities, but it can also lead to isolation, marginalization and fatalities. The paper is based on field research undertook in Omdurman in 2013 and granted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

3

Report on the D32 CCR5 variant in the Sudanese Shagia tribe

100%

Kempińska-Podhorodecka A., Knap O., Parczewski M., Bińczak-Kuleta A., Parafiniuk M.

Anthropological Review

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2008

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vol. 71

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issue 1

71-76

EN

The focus on small isolated populations provides important insights into the factors affecting the distribution of inheritable traits. Here, we present a report on the distribution of the CCR5 Δ32 mutation in the so far unstudied innate Sudanese population of Shagia people. The genetic material (buccal swabs) was collected from 125 individuals living in three African villages, Abu Haraz, Shibabit and El Higiena. The DNA was extracted, the polymorphic site PCR-amplified with a pair of specific primers flanking the Δ32 CCR5 mutation and reaction products electrophoretically separated in agarose gel. In the Abu Haraz and Shibabit villages, all investigated individuals were found to be homozygous for the wildtype of the receptor, while in El Higiena village one wt/D32 homozygote was identified with the remaining individuals homozygous for non-mutated CCR5. The frequency for the Δ32 CCR5 allele was 0,4%, with Δ32/wt genotype frequency of 0,8%. This is the first report on the presence of the Δ32 CCR5 allele not only in the genetically isolated Shagia tribe but also in the region of the Sudan.

PL

W trakcie ekspedycji naukowej w rejon obejmujący obszar IV katarakty na Nilu, między miastami Karima i Abu Hamad, w lutym 2005 r., zabezpieczono materiał genetyczny w postaci wymazów z nabłonka jamy ustnej od 125 osób z plemienia Shagia. Po przeprowadzeniu izolacji, DNA poddano amplifikacji metodą PCR przy użyciu pary specyficznych (flankujących) primerów. Produkty reakcji zostały rozdzielone elektroforetycznie na żelu agarozowym, w celu ujawnienia i identyfikacji ewentualnie istniejącej mutacji Δ;32 CCR5. Zidentyfikowano jedną heterozygotę wt/D32, podczas gdy pozostali przebadani osobnicy byli homozygotyczni w zakresie niezmutowanego CCR5 (tab. 1). Oporność na zakażenie wirusem HIV jest związana ze zmniejszeniem ilości funkcjonalnego receptora CCR-5 na powierzchni komórek, przez co wnikanie wirusa HIV odbywa się ze znacznie mniejszą efektywnością. Częstość występowania badanych polimorfizmów jest znacząco mniejsza na kontynencie afrykańskim niż w Europie (tab. 2). Homozygotyczność w zakresie allelu Δ;32 niesie za sobą niemal całkowitą oporność na zakażenie wirusem. Zaprezentowane badania są unikatowe w skali afrykańskiej, szczególnie dla wybranej zamkniętej populacji i pozwalają uzyskać istotny wgląd w zmienność genetyczną tamtejszej ludności. Interesujący jest sam fakt odnalezienia omawianej mutacji wśród ludu Shagia. Może to być związane z wcześniej prowadzonym, koczowniczym trybem życia oraz ewentualną domieszką genów europejskich.

4

Oblicza afrykańskiego islamizmu. Zarys problematyki

100%

Jaremczuk E. J.

Forum Politologiczne

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2006

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vol. 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce

13-33

EN

The beginning of the article depicts the basic historical origins and influences of Islam both in Arab and Sub-Saharan Africa. The next concept is based on basic information on Islam in the context of the perception of the Western world. The article also tries to explain modern Islam on an example of selected African countries: Algeria, South Africa and Sudan. The next part of the article examines the case of Islam state based on the Shariat law.

5

Obcy wśród swoich - obozy uchodźców wewnętrznych w Sudanie

100%

Bytyń A. M.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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vol. 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

415-427

EN

Sudan is a country divided into two parts - the North and South. The domestic wars between South Sudan and the government in Khartoum, which have lasted since gaining independence in 1956, as well as a still lasting conflict in Darfur, led to creation of the biggest group of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in this country. The IDPs have emigrated from South Sudan to North, most often to the suburbs of Khartoum. It is estimated that over 5 million people have escaped from the South to the North so far. In the whole history of Sudan the differences between those two regions have deepened. The differences resulted from marginalization of the South and attempts of the government in Khartoum to arabisate and islamizate the whole country. The most important criterion of division in Sudan is religion. In South Sudan live Christians and worshipers of animist religion, Islam, on the other hand, prevails in the North. In camps for IDPs from South discrimination because of lighter colour of skin and different religion is still visible. The Southerners are strangers in their own country.

6

Multiple anomalies in the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis)

100%

Mańkowska-Pliszka H., Wieczorek U., Wysock J., Tomczyk J.

Anthropological Review

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2013

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vol. 76

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issue 1

95-99

EN

Contemporary populations exhibit numerous skeletal anatomical variations and the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis) is often the location of such variations. A female skeleton dated at 4000 BC and excavated at Meroe in the Sudan provides an example of numerous variations in the basilar skull and cervical vertebrae. These variations consist of the presence of a bilateral atlanto-occipital joint with a third trochanter, a unilateral arcuate atlas foramen and huge axial nutrient foramina.

7

Soba Expedition: Preliminary Fieldwork Report (2022–2023)

100%

Drzewiecki M., Ciesielska J., Kurcz M., Dudek A., Mohammed N. A., Suliman Y. A. B.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2021

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vol. 22

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issue 1

1-10

EN

The program of fieldwork in 2022-2023 was developed to meet the largest group of residents, in this case, these were school-age children as well as the persons who are considered to be holding the vastest knowledge about the past and cultural traditions – the oldest women. Moreover, a field school for students and graduates from Sudanese universities and a workshop for experienced researchers were organised to discuss various methods of archaeological research, data creation, and processing as well as to present the results of the most recent research in Soba.

8

Levallois Tradition epigones in the Middle Nile Valley: survey in the Affad Basin

100%

Osypińska M., Osypiński P.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

601-626

EN

The paper presents the results of an archaeological ground survey aimed to record prehistoric settlement landscape in chosen parts of the Southern Dongola Reach (Tergis, Affad and El-Nafab districts). The project fills in the gaps in earlier research on the right bank of the Nile. Numerous new sites were recorded, all reflecting a frequently occupied level of silts and sands originating in the former river valley aggradations. Prospection of locations recorded in 2003 and later demonstrated also the progressing destruction of archaeological sites on the fringes of modern settlement and the new road from Karima to Nawa.

9

Powstanie Mahdiego w Sudanie w latach 1881-1898

100%

Dzhantamirov A.

Forum Politologiczne

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2009

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vol. 9 - Ugrupowania polityczne i ruchy społeczne w Afryce

253-261

EN

Between 1820-1822 Sudan was conquered by Egypt (by khedive Muhammad Ali), which subsequently was conquered by the British Empire in 1882. The Sudanese State was a convenient base for a penetration of the whole Middle Africa. While subordinating Egypt, London got involved in the problems connected with Sudan, which always was a turbulent province. Almost every year there were smaller or bigger revolts. Hated reign of the governors, local people's oppression and high taxes led to the mutinies of the particular tribes. Nomads were ready to follow their religious leader promising an overthrow of the Egyptian reign, which in their opinion was villainous and heretical; and sometimes too severe. This religious leader appeared and his name was Muhammad Ahmad, born in 1844 near Khartoum as a boat builder's son. In 1881 Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi that was a promised messiah sent by the God. Under Mahdi's command, the warfare against the Egyptian invader became the organized religious-liberation revolt. In this way, Sudan entered the next stage of its history concerning the period of 1881-1898, that was called Mahdia or Mahdist Revolt. It was an important stage on a way to shape the national awareness of the Sudanese Muslims; both those arabicized and non-arabicized, who were united by the Mahdi. Their common fight against the foreign invaders was initiated then in order to create their own state. The independence movements of the Sudanese Islam believers referred to the Mahdism ideology in the 20th century.

10

Południowy Sudan: droga do niepodległości i bieżące problemy bezpieczeństwa

89%

Brylonek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy

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2019

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issue 3(32)

PL

Południowy Sudan: droga do niepodległości i bieżące problemy bezpieczeństwa

EN

South Sudan belongs to the youngest states in the world, but at the same time to the poorest. Its case regarding people’s eagerness for independence should by all means be treated as an exceptional example of fight for freedom and sovereignty. The territory of former Sudan state for centuries has been inhabited by two distinct social societies. The north was inhabited by the immigrant population of Arab origin practising Islam, while the south was inhabited by black indigenous people, practicing various tribal beliefs. Co-functioning of the two so distinct ethnic groups at the territory of one state turned out to be a real challenge. The oppressed and harassed southern population never surrendered under the northern regime and in July 2011, after many years of fight, they gained coveted independence. However, the unrests and skirmishes did not stop. Moreover, conflicts broke out among the tribes of Southern Sudan. In spite of continuous efforts by Southern Sudanese authorities and considerable international assistance, a lot still needs to be done before favourable conditions for the local communities are created. The government can still count on aid from international, non-governmental organizations and single states, nevertheless they need to fulfil a number of requirements for the provided assistance to bring measurable effects aimed at increasing the pace of the conducted reforms

11

Conflict in Darfur in the perspective of genocide prevention

89%

Kościółek J.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2019

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vol. 17

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issue 2

83-99

EN

The article presents the records collected by the Darfur Atrocities Documentation Team (ADT), which have proved the occurrence of genocide in Darfur. It describes the discussion of the academic community and often conflicting political positions on the issue. The author attempted to analyse the results of the work of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (ICID), appointed at the request of the United States by the UN Security Council, which examined the numerous violations of the international law in the province, but did not express an opinion whether or not genocide had taken place in Darfur. He has confronted the collected evidence of crimes committed in Darfur with the “Convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide”, which obliges the international community to intervene when genocide is proved to be happening. The conflict in Darfur has been presented as an example of the ineffectiveness of the response of the international community to genocide. Therefore, an analysis was carried out on the means of effective prevention of genocide, which can be used in future prevention of crimes in other regions of the world.

12

Rozwój chrześcijaństwa na terenie Sudanu i Sudanu Południowego. Geneza dążeń niepodległościowych

89%

Dudek K.

Nurt SVD

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2013

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issue 2

134-149

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza poszczególnych etapów rozwoju chrześcijaństwa na terenie dzisiejszego Sudanu i Sudanu Południowego (od VI wieku), jego relacji z islamem i roli, jaką religia ta odegrała w dążeniach niepodległościowych. Sudan Południowy – najmłodsze państwo na kuli ziemskiej – jest specyficznym przykładem korelacji czynników religijno-politycznych i etniczno-narodowych. Splot tych uwarunkowań najpierw wywołał wojnę domową, a potem doprowadził do powstania nowego państwa w wyniku oderwania się chrześcijańskiego południa od islamskiej północnej części kraju. Autorka poświęca wiele uwagi relacjom chrześcijańsko-islamskim, które rywalizują ze sobą nie tylko na płaszczyźnie religijnej, ale wyznaczają granice tożsamości etnicznej plemion pochodzenia arabskiego i tym, których korzenie sięgają na południe od Sahary.

EN

This article aims to analyse the various stages of the development of Christianity in what is now Sudan and South Sudan (from the 6th century), its relationship with Islam and the role that religion has played in the quest for independence. South Sudan – the world’s youngest country – is a specific example of the correlation of religious and political as well as ethnic and minorities factors. A combination of these conditions caused first a civil war and then led to the creation of the new state as a result of a detachment of the Christian South from the Islamic North of the country. The present author devotes much attention to the Christian-Muslim relations, which compete with each other not only in religious terms, but set limits on the ethnic identity of Arab tribes and on those whose roots lie to the south of the Sahara.

13

The medieval fortifications at Banganarti after the 2016 season

88%

Drzewiecki M.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2017

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vol. 26(1)

301-309

EN

The state of preservation of Banganarti’s unique medieval mud-brick fortifications and the deposits accumulated against them allows a study of the history of these defenses and their immediate surroundings. Trenches excavated in the northeastern corner of the fortifications in 2016 gave a full cross section, starting with the layers preceding the construction of the defenses, through two phases of the fortifications and ending with traces of secondary use of the ruins.

14

Miejsce, tożsamość, status nad środkowym Nilem. O naturze relacji społecznych i kolektywnego wykluczenia w Sudanie

88%

Danielová V., Kurcz M.

Lud

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2017

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vol. 101

PL

W artykule podejmowana jest kwestia przyczyn społecznych napięć i konfliktów na obszarach Wielkiego Sudanu (Sudan i Sudan Południowy). W tym celu autorzy analizują historięprocesów politycznych i społecznych, które wpłynęły na lokalne rozumienie władzy, statusu oraz przestrzeni. Autorzy akcentują także rolę dialektyki pogranicza w analizowaniu stosunkówspołecznych nad środkowym Nilem.

15

Education and Development in the Sino‑African Context of Relations. The Cases of Tanzania and Sudan

88%

Tarrósy I., Vörös Z.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2016

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issue 42

111-131

EN

This study focuses on the involvement of China in the above two African states, arguing that the development of the education sector, therefore the development via education is crucial for any of the states of the continent. It gives an overview of education as a significant aspect of human development in the context of opposing policies of the international financial institutions (IFIs) and the Chinese government. In the light of the FOCAC process, China’s involvement in the development of human resources on African soil will be looked at closely, also questioning whether or not China may present an ‘alternative’ to the IFIs in the field.

16

Ryby a rybolov v súdánském mezolitu a neolitu : předběžné výsledky z pohoří Sabaloka

88%

Sůvová Z., Suková L.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2014

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issue 13

61-67

EN

Several thousands of fish remains were excavated by the mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank) in 2011–2012. The fish bones came from two sites: 1) Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Neolithic), 2) Sphinx (Mesolithic), and were obtained by both standard excavation and sieving. Altogether, fourteen fish families were determined in the assemblages. The most common taxa were the Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and silurids (esp. Synodontis, Clarias and Bagrus), and also Alestiidae and Citharinidae. The assemblage from the Mesolithic settlement at Sphinx contained more open-water elements than the Mesolithic and Neolithic site of Fox Hill, where shallow- water taxa were also abundant. The majority of the finds were vertebrae.

17

Living with the Past in Modern Sudanese Village. Traditional Pottery Production in the Ad-Dabba Bend of the Nile

75%

Cedro A., Żurawski B.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2019

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vol. XXXII

23-52

EN

The article presents the results of ethnographic research aimed at recording household economic behaviours within rural communities in the Ad-Dabba Bend of the Nile. The field research conducted in 2015–2019 provided first-hand insight into patterns of the gendered village’s ceramic production. The only currently operating household workshops in the area, located in Jabarūna and Rūmī Bakrī, are both run by women who produce mainly vessels for storing and cooling water and incense burners. Local residents remember many other similar workshops run by both women and men, which operated quite recently. The potteries in Ad-Dabba, representing a bigger and better organised workshop industry, are run by male descendants of immigrants from Nigeria, known in Sudan as Takarna. The pottery making is their only source of income and the range of forms they make is varied.

18

Trade and 'treasure': the role of Suakin in the movement of valuables (15th–19th centuries)

75%

Smith L., Taha S., Philips J., Mallinson M.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(1)

EN

This paper focuses historical and archaeological evidence for the ‘valuables’ passing through Suakin, as part of the Red Sea-Indian Ocean trade. The main locations on Suakin Island Town investigated 2002-2013 are briefly described. Interviews show that at Suakin, in the later 19th century/early 20th century, imported valuables included fabrics from Europe, perfume oils, cloths and wooden chests from India; porcelain from China and Turkey; rugs from Persia/Iran and glass from Italy. Interviews and early modern European accounts indicate the range of products from the hinterland, such as cotton, gold, ivory, ostrich feathers, slaves, horses, gum arabic, ebony, musk, tobacco, rubber and coffee. Local fishermen supplied fish, shells, pearls and mother-of-pearl. The archaeological evidence indicates pottery and porcelain from the Arabian Peninsula, south-west Asia, south Asia, China and south-east Asia, while identifications of wood samples indicates teak from south and south-east Asia. A combination of archaeological, historical and ethnographic evidence is needed to build up a picture of the trade in valuables.

19

Violations of children’s rights in Sudan and their circumstances: the current situation and the possibility of solutions

75%

KARAMALLA-GAIBALLA N.

Society Register

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2021

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vol. 5

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issue 2

57-68

EN

This paper aims to demonstrate the main aspects and weaknesses of children's rights in Sudan and describe how to work towards enhancing the immediate response to violations against children. This discussion will help develop future plans to strengthen the enforcement of children’s rights in Sudan and create an environment that protects children's rights against all kinds of violations. This paper presents the current situation of children’s rights violations in Sudan and factors that have a great and direct impact on these situations, especially social and cultural factors concerning female circumcision, genital mutilation, and marriage of underage girls; and laws that violate the dignity of Sudanese children, such as laws related to flogging, imprisonment, and death. The article also addresses issues of wars and internal conflicts and their impact on children, including their recruitment and trafficking. It also discusses the weaknesses of laws in place to protect children in Sudan and the changes these laws have undergone in recent years, especially the fundamental changes following the revolution that broke out in Sudan in 2018, which replaced the dictatorial military regime with Islamic orientations and trying to find objective solutions.

20

Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project: Excavations at the Ghazali monastery from 2014 to 2016

75%

Obłuski A., Ciesielska J., Stark R., Chlebowski A., Misiurny A., Żelechowski-Stoń M., el-Din Mahmoud Z.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(1)

245-271

EN

The excavation report covers eight months of fieldwork at the site of Ghazali, which resulted in the clearing of the entire monastery and the discovery of three annexes located on the north and west of the complex. The spiritual part of the monastery included two churches located in the southeastern corner of the complex, a household compound on the west side and a refectory and dormitory in between. Conservation work focused on the reconstruction and restoration of water storage installations in Room Y, as well as north of the North Church. Excavation outside the monastic walls brought the discovery of an iron smelting area with several well-preserved furnaces. Exploration of the monks’ cemetery uncovered regular box superstructures and an intriguing variety of substructures from simple vertical pit tombs to elaborate vaulted chambers.

Refine search results

Sudańskie dylematy - między bogactwem pomocy a nędzą rzeczywistości

Między ładem i chaosem. Ulica omdurmańska widziana oczami etnografa

Report on the D32 CCR5 variant in the Sudanese Shagia tribe

Oblicza afrykańskiego islamizmu. Zarys problematyki

Obcy wśród swoich - obozy uchodźców wewnętrznych w Sudanie

Multiple anomalies in the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis)

Soba Expedition: Preliminary Fieldwork Report (2022–2023)

Levallois Tradition epigones in the Middle Nile Valley: survey in the Affad Basin

Powstanie Mahdiego w Sudanie w latach 1881-1898

Południowy Sudan: droga do niepodległości i bieżące problemy bezpieczeństwa

Conflict in Darfur in the perspective of genocide prevention

Rozwój chrześcijaństwa na terenie Sudanu i Sudanu Południowego. Geneza dążeń niepodległościowych

The medieval fortifications at Banganarti after the 2016 season

Miejsce, tożsamość, status nad środkowym Nilem. O naturze relacji społecznych i kolektywnego wykluczenia w Sudanie

Education and Development in the Sino‑African Context of Relations. The Cases of Tanzania and Sudan

Ryby a rybolov v súdánském mezolitu a neolitu : předběžné výsledky z pohoří Sabaloka

Living with the Past in Modern Sudanese Village. Traditional Pottery Production in the Ad-Dabba Bend of the Nile

Trade and 'treasure': the role of Suakin in the movement of valuables (15th–19th centuries)

Violations of children’s rights in Sudan and their circumstances: the current situation and the possibility of solutions

Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project: Excavations at the Ghazali monastery from 2014 to 2016