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EN
Aim. To analyse the spiritual and mental existentials of Ukrainian culture, which allows identifying the immanent features of Ukrainian culture itself through the symbolic-thematic series Home-Field-Temple and examine the symbolism of the concepts “Home,” “Field,” and “Temple.” Results. The thesis that spiritual and mental existentials, in particular the Home-Field-Temple, reveal the mentality of the Ukrainian people, its spiritual and cultural identity has been further developed. Conclusion. The essence of the mentality of the Ukrainian people is revealed with the help of spiritual and mental existentials Home-Field-Temple. They play an important part in the creation of a single mental field of the Ukrainian nation, being revealed in its ideological life by certain inclinations or archetypes. The Home-Field-Temple symbol is a reference point for searching for certain archetypes of the nation. The concepts of Home-Field-Temple symbolise the trinity of one spiritual state of man, which is objectified in three guises. These concepts are so intertwined in the minds of Ukrainians that they see them as an inseparable unity – something symbolising their homeland. Home, land, and church have always been reliable support for the Ukrainian people.
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EN
The Qumran Community is still difficult to clasify, ducks out of being defined, doesn’t fit into rigid frameworks of scientific concepts and isn’t easy to describe. However, with no doubt, one of the features that possibly fully characterized that part of the Chosen People, which lived during the late Second Temple Period, was piety. This article shows that piety of the Community in it’s different aspects: cognitive, emotional and practical. Signalizes it’s tangent and separable points with piety of the rest of Israelites; explains how it shaped the identity of the Qumran people; finally analyses how piety regulated their lifes and steered it, becoming a constitutive value for the members of the Dead Sea Community.
PL
Wspólnota qumrańska wciąż nie daje się łatwo sklasyfikować, wymyka się próbom jej zdefiniowania, wykracza poza sztywne granice tworzonych przez naukowców pojęć i nie poddaje się prostemu opisowi. Bez wątpienia wszakże jedną z cech, którą można uznać za stanowiącą możliwie pełną i głęboką charakterystykę tego odłamu Narodu Wybranego, żyjącego w późnych wiekach okresu Drugiej Świątyni, była pobożność. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia tę właśnie pobożność Zrzeszenia w jej różnych odsłonach: poznawczej, emocjonalnej i praktycznej. Wskazuje jej punkty styczne i rozłączne z pobożnością reszty Izraelitów; wyjaśnia, jak kształtowała tożsamość qumrańczyków; analizuje w końcu, w jaki sposób pobożność regulowała ich życie i jak nadawała mu kierunek, stając się konstytutywną wartością dla członków wspólnoty znad Morza Martwego.
PL
W artykule podjęta jest kwestia sposobów, w jakie patrzono na świątynię na przestrzeni czasów biblijnych. Najpierw analizowana jest starożytna, bliskowschodnia koncepcja świątyni jako góry Boga; miejsca łączącego niebo i ziemię oraz spinającego cały porządek stworzenia i jego powiązania z osobą króla. Następnie wykazane są podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy tą koncepcją i starotestamentalnym sposobem postrzegania tzw. Pierwszej Świątyni zbudowanej przez Salomona. W dalszej części omówiona jest nowa koncepcja tzw. Drugiej Świątyni odbudowanej po wygnaniu babilońskim, której ideową reminiscencją jest opis namiotu–świątyni (Księga Wyjścia) oraz przepisów dotyczących sprawowanego w niej kultu i osób biorących w niej udział (Księga Kapłańska). Nowa koncepcja postrzega przede wszystkim sanktuarium jako rzeczywistość „w drodze”, niezwiązaną z konkretnym miejscem geograficznym ani tym bardziej jakimkolwiek królem. Istotą tak rozumianej świątyni jest zabezpieczenie obecnego w niej sacrum i umożliwienie jego emanacji na uczestników kultu. Ta swoista „inkarnacja” sacrum znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie także w tekstach Nowego Testamentu, gdzie ukazuje się Jezusa Chrystusa jako nową świątynię, której zwieńczeniem jest świątynia niebiańska i pełny w niej udział wszystkich wiernych.
EN
The article deals with the ways in which the temple was viewed over Biblical times. First, the ancient, Middle Eastern concept of the temple as the mountain of God is analyzed; a place connecting heaven and earth, and also connecting the entire order of creation, and its connection with the person of the king. Next, similarities and differences between this concept and Old Testament’s perception of the so-called First Temple built by Salomon. Next, a new concept of the so-called The second Temple rebuilt after the Babylonian exile, whose ideological reminicescence is the description of the tent–temple (Book of Exodus) and the regulations regarding the worship and people participating in it (Leviticus). The new concept sees above all the sanctuary as a reality “on the road”, not related to a particular geographical location, much less any king. The essence of the temple understood in this way is to secure the sacred present in it and to enable its emanation on worshipers. This specific “incarnation” of the sacred is also reflected in the texts of the New Testament, where Jesus Christ appears as a new temple, culminating in the heavenly temple and the full participation of all the faithful.
EN
The aim of the article is to show the relationship between an image of Zion-Jerusalem in the Ps 134 and the Lucan theology of the Holy City. Even though it is not easy to draw a certain conclusion on the issue, one could say that the Lucan idea of the Holy City is much more compound that the one present in the Psalter, but it is certainly built upon it. At first the third evangelist took the Psalmist’s point of view stressing both the role of Jerusalem and its sanctuary, but in the conclusion of his two volume work he preserved only a salvation-historical function of the City separating it from its cultic context.
Collectanea Theologica
|
2018
|
vol. 88
|
issue 3
39-75
EN
The author shows how the Jewish community in Jerusalem is scrupulousabout their own religion and their allegiance to God and His Temple. On theother hand, 2 Macc reveals a Hellenistic orientation by viewing the Templeas that of the city, as is shown by the progression city-place-Temple (cf. 3:1-3)and by reference to the high priest of the city (cf. 3:9).Our section (3:14-22) focuses on the author’s intention to involve theauditorium in the action, as he highlights the tragic emotion experienced.The classification of roles in the description of the population of the cityis interesting. The priests in their formal attire form a distinct group withthe greatest attention (two verses) given to describing the grief of the highpriest. The males participate in the public supplication (3:18), while themarried women express their grief with bared breasts and sackcloth aroundtheir waists, symbolising their role as child-bearers.The unified narrative conforms to the general pattern of a deity’s defenceof his temple: attackers approach, the defenders ask the deity for help and thedeity responds. There are many examples of this type of narrative such asthe defence of Delphi by Apollo against marauding Persians in 480 B.C.E.,the story told by Herodotus (8:35-39).
EN
The article is the first study on the issues of contemporary sacred architecture in the Wadowice’s district. The author presents the history of the construction of these objects, outlining the times in which they were erected and the circumstances of their implementation. Seventeen churches built after World War II, mainly in the communist period, were described, with the emphasis on the social commitment of their builders.
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