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EN
The paper deals with the problem of passenger transport interconnectivity in the European Union. Suboptimal transport solutions exist in multimodal passenger transport mainly due to the barriers at interconnection points. In the paper possible scenarios resulting from reduction of those interconnection costs are analysed and described together with preconditions and tools required for optimisation of interchanges.
EN
In this paper the author presents the development of the high speed rail network in Europe, and models of operating high speed lines in terms of accessibility for regional passenger trains and regional community services. This paper is concerned with analysis of the high speed rail network in France, Germany and Spain - European leaders of high speed rail. The experience of these three countries shows that the construction of high speed routes can stimulate the development of regional passenger traffic and increase regional growth.
EN
The conditions of the regulations concerning the functioning of the non-governmental organizations, as well as the regulators deriving from the mass transport act, determine the place and the role of the non-governmental organizations by defining their regulations liberty area and in this way determining the self-regulatory conditions. The self-regulation of the non-governmental organizations results from the essence of their activity, which is to fulfill the role of the socially useful institution, whereas the self-regulatory conditions result from the form and the character of the activity, as well as the possibility to affect among other things the organs which plan and run the mass transport. In this connection, it can be affirmed that the essence of the self-regulatory functions of the non-governmental organizations is to search such a state of the organization in which the realized actions result from the financial viability and human organizations, at the same time fitting into the areas essential from the social point of view. Referring to the financial, human and social areas, it must be stated that the essence of the self-regulation, as for the general principle that establishes the rules for the aim achievement in the conditions set by the regulation, is the separate treatment of every area. It comes down to the formation of the mechanism for achieving the main aim by achieving the partial aims in this area. Therefore, the self-regulation processes can be analyzed on the financial, social and community level. The last area is acquiring special meaning within the confines of the mass communication.
XX
W artykule analizie poddano miesięczne dane GUS o przewozach pasażerów transportem lotniczym przez polskich przewoźników w latach 1992-2005. Do ich opisu zaproponowano cztery alternatywne modele: wahań sezonowych ze zmiennymi zerojedynkowymi, autoregresyjny model wahań sezonowych, sezonowy model ARIMA oraz wygładzania wykładniczego Wintersa. Przeprowadzono badanie adekwatności tych modeli oraz porównano je ze względu na wartość prognostyczną. Pracę kończy przedstawiona prognoza na pierwsze półrocze 2006 r., którą poddano weryfikacji. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
In this paper the monthly data (based on the data of the Central Statistical Office) concerning air transport of passengers by aircrafts owned by Polish operators covering the period 1992 until 2005 are analysed. Four alternative models are taken into account for the description of this data: seasonal variations model with dummy variables, seasonal autoregressive model, seasonal ARIMA model and Winters exponential smoothing. A comparison between all these models in terms of the quality for forecasting is considered. A forecast for the first half of 2006 is presented and verified. (original abstract)
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