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Ideologie národní nezávislosti Uzbekistánu

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Horák S.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2012

vol. 98

issue 1-2

81-96

The article examines the formation and development of national ideologies of newly established authoritarian regimes in case of Uzbekistan. The country represents a fine transformation case from one authoritarian and totalitarian regime to another with the inertia of social, political and also ideological way of thinking (including the creators of the ideology). As a result, the character of propaganda could not differ very much from the Marxism-Leninism. The former idols were mostly replaced by the new main theorist and scholar – president Karimov.The analysis focused on the three highlights of “The Ideology of National Independence” – political system, Islam and economy. The development of the political system is showed in two main phases – the strengthening the state using the arguments of former opposition from the perestroika period (nationalism, Panturkism and liberalism in particular) and later conservation of the system in order to maintain the regime. Growing political Islam, especially in its radical forms, forced the new system to propagate the moderate “traditional” forms of religion. Finally, the economy explains the way to the “bright future” (kelajagi büyük devlet).The new Uzbek ideology represents a typical example of state- and nation-building in authoritarian forms with strong leader, albeit without open personality cult. At the same time, the stagnation of the ideology after the first active decade of state- and nation-building leads to the reinterpretation and dogmatization of once established system. The political and ideological system seems to be firmly rooted inside the political elite and society and we can expect its continuity even after the leaving of current president.

NATIONAL IN FORM, AUTHORITARIAN IN CONTENT: STATE BUILDING IN CENTRAL ASIA (Narodowe w formie, autorytarne w tresci. Budowanie panstwa w Azji Centralnej)

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Shukuralieva N.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

2011

issue 39

71-82

After the collapse of the Soviet Union the new states of Central Asia faced a challenging task of building a new country, its symbols, relations between institutional power and the sovereign and imaginary geopolitical landscape. The grass root processes of national awakening were coupled with the deliberate activities of the dominant political actors striving to shape them in a way conducive to their power claims. Thus the monuments of great ancestors and the billboards presenting the image of incumbent presidents became very common element of the symbolic landscape of Central Asia's new republics. The official speeches of the governing presidents have frequently referred to great historical figures, constructed historical analogies, praised the thousand years old traditions of the fatherland and adduced historical evidence testifying ancient roots of the countries. This article is focused on the mechanisms of ethnocentric reinterpretation of the past. For the newly constituted Republics of Central Asia either the evidence of the past power status and glorious moments or of the past tragedies have been equally strong legitimizing factors both internally and externally. No matter, whether invented or constructed, propagated national values have played a key role in justifying the power claims and international position of the new countries. Additionally, the paper's objective is to analyze how state structures and institutions implement national solutions and how the authoritarian logic of the state institutions performed its power under the guise of national forms.

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1 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

1 Sprawy Narodowościowe

1 Horák S.

1 Shukuralieva N.

1 2012

1 2011

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Ideologie národní nezávislosti Uzbekistánu

NATIONAL IN FORM, AUTHORITARIAN IN CONTENT: STATE BUILDING IN CENTRAL ASIA (Narodowe w formie, autorytarne w tresci. Budowanie panstwa w Azji Centralnej)