Search results - CEJSH

1

The Social Differentiation of the Polish Language of the Upper Silesia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

100%

Kowalska A.

Forum Lingwistyczne

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2019

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issue 6

125-136

EN

The industrialisation of the Upper Silesia, development of new towns and industrial settlements, and various methods of Germanisation applied to the society caused changes in the ethnic structure of this region and strengthened the position of the German language there. The major opponent to German was the Silesian dialect used both by town dwellers and countrymen in their families and neighbouring communities, and also by the scarce representatives of the Silesian intelligentsia.The differences between the village slang and that of the people living in towns were mainly connected with vocabulary which, especially in the industrious centres, was exposed to strong German influence. The common language of the intelligentsia was that of a mixed character; it included many phonetic dialectical characteristics, even though irregularly used ones. The general Polish language was known passively, but not used. It was the language of the prayer books, songs, sermons, calendars, and magazines printed by the local publishing houses. All of these factors created a specific linguistic situation which was based on the following issue: in the Silesia of the second half of the 19th century, the opposition of spoken language versus the language of printed texts equalled the opposition of dialect versus the literary Polish language.

2

Obraz życia wspólnotowego w dobie średniopolskiej na podstawie górnośląskich ksiąg sądowych

94%

Siuciak M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 2

175-188

PL

The article presents excerpts from Polish-language court records made from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century in Upper Silesia. Emerging from these books is an image of life in small communities as seen through the lens of financial transactions, inheritance processes, financial claims within families, cases of disorderly behaviourand violations of social order. The quoted fragments show how the society and the officials representing it managed establishing legal rules for the community and how legal texts were constructed. Although they reflect the schematic manner typical of official regulations, many of the phrases they include allow us to recreate the method used for the construction of the text or even their author’s thought process (writing it or commissioning its writing to a qualified official). These texts provide an opportunity to reconstruct the system of values that served as a basis for the functioning of a given community and the internal hierarchy that guaranteed social order.

3

Who am I? Identifications and social identities Upper Silesia case

94%

Szczepański M. S., Śliz A.

Nauka

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2018

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issue 1

EN

For centuries, identity has been an important existential issue, because it organizes human relation with the world. Identity is not only one man's being in a biological sense, but the principle of social and cultural order. The identity is the self-awareness, the result of the social actor's involvement in a variety of network connections which are forming a human being together with the biological dimension. Thus, the identity, on the one hand, is a kind of Erikson's tradition, namely the sense of being human, on the other hand interactionist tradition, modification of identity through a process of interaction. Contemporary world, the world of confronting cultures, raises the need for analysis of identity within many cultures, which has been shaped by continuous contact with different values, norms, patterns of behaviour. Upper Silesia has been our empirical reference point for the discussion on social (regional) identity. Identity of Upper Silesia is the result of a long and complicated history and present day. This identity is created by Polish, German, Czech and Jewish a cultural elements.

4

Change the number of water reservoirs in the selected cities of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration over the period 1993-2014

94%

Dąbrowska D., Dąbrowski J.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 2

23-29

EN

The Upper Silesian Agglomeration is the most industrialized area in Poland and one of the most in Europe. It is situated in the eastern part of the Upper Silesia and covers nearly 1500 km2. This region is highly diverse in terms of the spatial structure. There are lots of water reservoirs besides built-up areas and industrial facilities. Many of them have also significance for nature. Water reservoirs in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration function under anthropogenic conditions. Water reservoirs have a different size and the genesis. This kind of occurrence conditions influences the water reservoirs` state. There are mainly water reservoirs of anthropogenic character in a study area. A lot of water reservoirs are strictly connected with coal exploitation in this region. Unfortunately, the number of water reservoirs in the cities of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration has lately decreased. Reservoirs are eliminated as a result of changes in industry, progressive land development, changes in environmental conditions. In this paper we present the results of the number of water reservoirs analysis in Katowice, Sosnowiec and Chorzów over the period 1993-2014. Field studies and analysis of topographic maps show a decrease in the number of water reservoirs in this region by tens of percent.

5

Delineation of post-industrial landscapes of the Upper Silesian corridor in the Basin of Ostrava

94%

Kolejka J., Klimánek M., Martinát S., Ruda A.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2013

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vol. 1

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issue 3

21-34

EN

The post-industrial landscapes represent a legacy of the industrial revolution. There have been gradually formed numerous enterprises of various industry branches on the territory between Czech-Polish border in the North and Moravian-Silesian Beskydes Mts. (a part of Carpathians) in the South (the western border follows the foothills of Hercynian Bohemian Highlands). In the given study, there are demonstrated examples of the post-industrial landscape in the concerned area of Ostrava, which is a part of the so called Upper Silesian industrial corridor that is intensively linking industrialized region of Upper Silesia in Poland and the Czech Republic with other developed regions of Europe to southwest through the Moravian Gate to the Danube region. This paper demonstrates the procedure for defining the post-industrial landscapes in general, their classification and standardization using the available data sources and GIS technology. For the processing the data of the deployment of brownfields, contaminated sites, industrial constructions of architectural heritage, mining points and areas, human made landforms, industrial and landfill sites etc. were used. They document the genesis, the territorial shape and the geographic position of the post-industrial landscape in the study region. In the concerned area of Ostrava four “rural” post-industrial landscapes were identified and classified into three different genetic types. This paper also presents a methodology for identifying, mapping and classification of post-industrial landscapes on the basis of publicly available and state-managed databases.

6

Allotment gardens and spatial development – two case studies from the Katowice conurbation, Poland

94%

Duś E.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2013

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vol. 1

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issue 4

41-51

EN

Allotment gardens are a characteristic feature of the industrial landscape of Upper Silesia. The purpose of the study has been to present various aspects of allotment location in the urban landscape. A more than a 100-year-old development process has shaped the contemporary structure of the allotments which constitute a multi-functional part of the development. In the historical development, there have coexisted the following functions: economic, recreational, ecological, landscape and socio-educational. Under the existing administrative restrictions, they were developed as a result of an unfavourable economic situation and focused on food production. Allotment gardens usually developed without the interference of urban planners, which had, and still have, many organizational consequences. Distance from the centre is the main factor influencing the spatial distribution of allotment gardens in urban areas. The detailed location is determined by the environmental conditions and administrative decisions that are usually taken, albeit under pressure, due to the high demand for allotments. Distance-related profiles demonstrate the relationship between the distance from the centre and the share of allotments in the land surface as well as the size of the time-space changes resulting from the development of the city. In many cities, there are concentric concentration zones at a certain distance from the centre. Analysis has shown that allotments are quite clearly linked to the structural units of the city. Larger concentrations are formed on the outskirts of residential multi-family buildings. The results of the research confirm compliance with the design recommendations that the distance should not cause too much time loss for users.

7

Wer gehört zur deutschen Minderheit? Zugehörigkeitsdefinitionen zwischen Minderheitenperspektive und nationaler Gesetzgebung

94%

Bonin S.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 20

167-177

EN

The article explores the differences between a legal definition of minorities and membership require- ments presented by possible members of the German minority. The issue is investigated through Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) of narrative interviews of people of German heritage from the Opole region (Upper Silesia, Poland). The analysis is followed by a comparison of the findings with the minority definition of the Polish Minority Act. The MCA of the statements made by the respondents shows that the characteristics and activities associated with members of the German minority are structured to varying degrees along the topics: membership in minority associations, age, language skills, reflection on the (unofficial) family history, nationality and regionality, as well as the individual decision to belong. Accordingly, the aspects of membership, the individual decision as well as the regional affiliation identified in the statements made by the respondents are added to the Minority Act definition. The original value of the article is threefold. Firstly, the article represents a change of perspective in researching the German minority by applying the concept of belonging. Instead of assuming a homogeneous identity of a person or group, belonging is perceived as heterogeneous (related to the collective) and multidimensional (related to the individual). Accordingly, the article analyses statements made by people of German heritage, instead of using an ethnic categorization prior to analysis. Secondly, MCA is applied from the perspective of belonging, thus making discrepancies, contradictions and overlaps of belonging visible. Thirdly, the results of the analysis are put into practice by comparing them with the definition in the Polish Minority Act. The presentation of the differences and similarities of the definitions of people of German heritage themselves, in comparison to the national legislation, provides important impulses for the adaptation of minority and language policy at the national, regional, and internal level of the minority organisations.

8

Paralela ke zhořeleckému vévodství? K rodové politice Matyáše Korvína v Horním Slezsku

94%

Čapský M., Radek D.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

172-179

EN

The article is dedicated to the politics of Matthias Corvinus in Upper Silesia, namely to his attempt to establish a new family domain there. He intended to hand down the new domain to his illegitimate son John Corvinus. The authors try to answer the question whether the establishment of this domain was solely Corvinusʼ reaction to the politics of the local dukes, or whether it was a well-planned power strategy and the goal was to gain supremacy over the strategic space on the borders of three kingdoms — Bohemia, Poland and Hungary.

9

A language that forgot itself (Essay on the curious non-existence of German as a recognized minority language in today’s Poland)

94%

Kamusella T.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2014

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issue 45

EN

A language that forgot itself (Essay on the curious non-existence of German as a recognized minority language in today’s Poland)This essay draws on my almost three decades worth of research on the multiethnic and multilingual history of Upper Silesia during the last two centuries, when various ethnolinguistic nationalisms have radically altered the ethnic, political, demographic and linguistic shape of the region. I focus on the German minority that was recognized in Poland in the early 1990s. This recognition was extended to the German language. However, though in official statistics there are hundreds of schools with German, and bilingual signage amply dots the Upper Silesian landscape, neither in the region nor elsewhere in Poland is there a single, however small, locality where German would be the language of everyday communication. With this essay I attempt to explicate this irony of official recognition on the one hand, and the tacitly enforced non-existence on the ground, on the other hand.

10

Emancypacja śląszczyny w kontekście „starych” i „nowych” ideologii językowych

94%

Michna E.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2019

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issue 1(23)

57-76

EN

The emergence of separate nationalities often entails standardisation of the language and an attempt to prove its multifunctional nature, while codification as such becomes one of the basic demands of ethnic movements striving to-wards emancipation. In her paper, the author analyses the process of emanci-pation of Silesian in the context of linguistic ideologies, studying above all the ideologies shared by Silesian ethnic leaders. The conclusions presented in the paper are based on analyses of numerous in-depth interviews conducted with Silesian ethnic leaders. This approach makes it possible to take into account, in the analysis of linguistic processes, the point of view of the users of the specific language and their linguistic awareness, and also makes it possible to seek relationships between linguistic awareness, language structure and social phenomena.

11

A language that forgot itself (Essay on the curious non-existence of German as a recognized minority language in today’s Poland)

94%

Kamusella T.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2014

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issue 45

1-25

EN

This essay draws on my almost three decades worth of research on the multiethnic and multilingual history of Upper Silesia during the last two centuries, when various ethnolinguistic nationalisms have radically altered the ethnic, political, demographic and linguistic shape of the region. I focus on the German minority that was recognized in Poland in the early 1990s. This recognition was extended to the German language. However, though in official statistics there are hundreds of schools with German, and bilingual signage amply dots the Upper Silesian landscape, neither in the region nor elsewhere in Poland is there a single, however small, locality where German would be the language of everyday communication. With this essay I attempt to explicate this irony of official recognition on the one hand, and the tacitly enforced non-existence on the ground, on the other hand.

12

Powstawanie królewskiej administracji na Górnym Śląsku w XVI i XVII wieku (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem księstwa cieszyńskiego)

94%

Gojniczek W.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2019

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vol. 11

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issue 2

113-124

EN

The article deals with the initial stages of organizing the royal offices in Upper Silesia in the hereditary duchies (provincial administrators, mayor) and financial administration in the 16th and 17th century.

13

Gwarowy leksem gryfny jako modny komponent kultury konsumpcyjnej

94%

Łuc I.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 1

85-100

EN

The object of the analysis is the way of creating commercial utterances and functional names in which the formal indicator is the dialectal lexeme gryfnie recognized as a fashionable component of Polish language of consumption. According to the communicative practice of the creators of cultural texts, the use of the gryfny component valorizes products, identifies service objects, assesses offers and highlights the speakers of the language living in the Upper Silesia region. The analytical material coming from the advertisements spread by media and on the Internet was described from the perspective of cultural linguistics and pragmalinguistics. The references to cognitive conception of meaning fields were made taking into account the appropriate methodological solutions and the complex polisystem of commercial conditions.

14

GÓRNY ŚLĄSK W PUBLICYSTYCE BOLESŁAWA KOSKOWSKIEGO NA ŁAMACH KURIERA WARSZAWSKIEGO W LATACH 1918-1921

94%

Chrószcz G.

Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development

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2020

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issue 2(99)

41-54

EN

This year we are celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Polish-Bolshevik war and the outbreak of the Second Silesian Uprising. Among results of the Versailles decisions a one redraw Poland on the map of Europe and the country was reborn after 123 years of partitions. These events had a huge impact on the further fate of the reborn Polish state. In the first years after Poland regained independence, the political and military authorities in the country focused on consolidating the pre-partition territories. Also the press played a significant role in this task. In the twenties, journalism was the primary source of knowledge about the surrounding world. Journalists played an important mission in promotion of the fighting spirit and shaping patriotic awareness in the lands of the former partitioning powers. Editorial point of view often strongly influenced the public opinion, becoming an effective weapon in the fight to strengthen the independence move. The journalistic activity of Bolesław Koskowski in the pages of "Kurier Warszawski" fits in a special way and deserves attention. In his numerous articles, we can find confirmation that Warsaw was not indifferent to the struggle to join Upper Silesia to the Motherland.

15

Najnowsze opowieści z Górnego Śląska – między sagą rodzinną, herstory i renarracją mitów

94%

Czyżak A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2023

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issue 44

189-206

EN

The article contains considerations on contemporary everyday life in Silesia. Its main aim is the interpretation of novels written in the late 2010s, for instance Od jednego Lucypera (From the same devil) by Anna Dziewitt-Meller, Pokora by Szczepan Twardoch, Kajś. Opowieść o G.rnym Śląsku (Kajś. A Story of Upper Silesia) by Zbigniew Rokita. Those stories are genologically placed between a family saga, herstory and myth retelling, but the most important purpose for the authors was the recognition of the specific Upper Silesian culture, past and present experiences and visions of the local community.

16

Participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921

94%

Wojtycza J.

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2022

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vol. XLIX

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issue 4

113-124

EN

The article describes the participation of youth from Lesser Poland and Cieszyn Silesia in the fight for the Cieszyn Region and in Silesian Uprisings in the years 1919–1921. Already in November 1918, Polish youth joined Polish military formations in Cieszyn Silesia, and then in January 1919 they took part in the fights with the Czechs for these lands. Later, together with young people from other regions of Lesser Poland, they took part in the fight for Lviv. Subsequent Silesian uprisings were supported by young inhabitants of the whole of Lesser Poland, both through participation in the propaganda campaign, as well as in bloody fights and guard duty at the border. A number of them died, and their heroic deeds are evidenced by the battle decorations awarded to them. Faithful to the idea of fighting for independence, they took part in taking over power in the Polish lands, and then joined the ranks of defenders of these lands in large numbers and contributed to shaping the borders of the Second Polish Republic.

17

Researchers of Culture Confronted with the “Treasures of Culinary Heritage” in Upper Silesia as Described in the Most Recent Cookbooks

84%

Smolińska T.

Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne

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2015

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vol. 54

PL

Considering that in the last few years culinary matters have become a fashionable topic, the author is making a preliminary attempt at assessing many myths and authoritative opinions related to it. With respect to this aim, she has reviewed utilitarian literature, to which culinary handbooks certainly belong ("Concerning the studies of comestibles in culture"). In this context, she has singled out cookery books pertaining to only one region, Upper Silesia. This region has a complicated history, being an ethnic borderland, where after the 2nd World War, the local population of Silesians acquired new neighbours: repatriates from the Eastern Borderlands annexed by the Soviet Union, settlers from central and southern Poland, as well as former emigrants coming back from the West ("The treasures of culinary heritage’ in cookery books from Upper Silesia"). The author discusses several Silesian cookery books which focus only on the specificity of traditional Silesian cuisine, the Silesians’ curious conservatism and attachment to their regional tastes and culinary customs, their preference for some products and dislike of other ones. From the well-provided shelf of Silesian cookery books, she has singled out two recently published, unusual culinary handbooks by the Rev. Father Prof. Andrzej Hanich (Opolszczyzna w wielu smakach. Skarby dziedzictwa kulinarnego. 2200 wypróbowanych i polecanych przepisów na przysmaki kuchni domowej, Opole 2012; Smaki polskie i opolskie. Skarby dziedzictwa kulinarnego. 2500 wypróbowanych i polecanych przepisów na przysmaki kuchni domowej, Opole 2014), which have become a culinary bestseller in Upper Silesia. The author perceives these books as an interesting and unusual example of a monothematic "collective lecture" pertaining to the multi-cultural character of Opole Silesia, the noticeable foreign influences and the globalisation of culinaries. In her opinion, these books constitute a very rich set of materials pertaining to the present-day culture of consumption in Poland, with a discernible emphasis on Opole Silesia.

18

Działalność Dyrekcji Kolei Rzeszy w Opolu w świetle materiałów zachowanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Opolu. Przyczynek do historii Górnego Śląska po podziale regionu między Polskę i Niemcy w 1922 r.

83%

Bereszyński Z.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2022

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vol. 77

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issue 3

107-131

EN

One of the consequences of the division of Upper Silesia made in 1922 was the creation of two separate railway directorates: Directorate of German National Railway in Opole and the Directorate of Polish State Railways in Katowice. Both directorates cooperated in matters regarding the maintenance of local railroad routes and cross-border exchange and transit rail traffic. As a general rule, both sides strived to amicably settle possible problematic issues. It was easy to find common language, free of political prejudice, when discussing professional matters.

19

Umowy polsko-niemieckie w sprawie amnestii z lat 1919−1922

83%

Cybulski B.

Prawo

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2014

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issue 316/2

161 - 176

EN

The diplomatic actions of Polish and German (Reich) governments of 1919–1922 aimed at the normalization of relations between the population of Poland and Germany on the disputed areas of Upper Silesia, Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) and Pomerania are discussed in this article. After the First World War, the Poles living in the Prussian provinces (or parts thereof): province Schlesien (Opole Region), province Posen (Grand Duchy of Poznań) and province Westpreussen (Gdańsk Pomerania) undertook intensive efforts to join the inhabited land to the nascent Polish state. The local German people and the Prussian administration were against these efforts. The conflicts swelled and led to bloody confrontations (Uprising in Wielkopolska and three Silesian Uprisings). Under pressure of allied powers the Polish and German governments were forced to take actions leading to the deescalation of confl icts. The article discusses one of the manifestations of these activities, namely the conclusion of the amnesty agreement signed on 1 October 1919 in Berlin, and the so-called supplementary agreement of 12 February 1921. The agreements went far beyond the typical acts of amnesty because they included all persons (Poles and Germans) who committed acts constituting a violation of the law or were deprived of their liberty for political or nationality reasons, or in connection with their participation in the fi ghting on the disputed areas. The article analyzes the above-mentioned agreements and evaluates their practical effects.

20

U siebie. Literacki obraz Górnego Śląska jako swojskiej, ale nieoswojonej przestrzeni pogranicza

83%

Pospiszil K.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2012

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issue 1(9)

215-234

EN

Experience of living in borderlands is the most important Upper Silesian experience. Com-plicated geopolitical situation affects on Silesian history, local inhabitants’ identity, specific character of this place (periphery complex, pressure of ideological and cultural centres versus everyday relations with the Other, who often is homely and who is different from stereo-types disseminated by ideological centres are experienced here). Upper Silesia had to – and still has to – struggle with typical borderlands’ problems such as: borders’ inconstancy, feel-ing of homeliness, everyday relations with the Others, extreme ideologization, danger, fear, multiculturalism, other culture’s remains even after a resettlements and emigrations. All these problems are a great theme in literature about Upper Silesia, which is trying to describe and understand inconstancy and tragedy of the borderland.

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