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In Western civilization there is a custom to describe one's travels and meetings with foreign cultures. Such accounts, with descriptions of local customs in Africa, the Balkans, Russia or Japan, have been popular in the last two centuries. Tales of Japan seem to be the most interesting because they are not descriptions of a benighted and backward civilization, similar to the Europe of a few hundred years ago, as is the case with the Balkans. Japan was an entirely different space; foreigners visiting this country were convinced they were watching an advanced but completely alien civilization. One such book about Japan in the period of World War II is 'From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima' by Robert Guillain. It is mainly about Japanese politics in the war period, but far more important are the fragments about the nature of Japanese society and culture. In Guillain's vision, the Japanese are devoid of critical thinking because of the nature of their language. This is why Japanese militarists and industrialists were able to embroil the whole society in nationalist feelings and, finally, in the war in the Pacific. We can observe how the author combines Marxism with ethnic issues. It is a valuable source for an anthropologist, and unlike a depiction of Japan such as in 'The Chrysanthemum and the Sword', it is a story about constructing the image of a foreign civilization in one's mind.
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EN
This article examines utopian novels by two Islamist Turkish writers: Ali Nar’s The Space Farmers (Uzay Çiftçileri, 1988) and Ayşe Şasa’s The Novel of the Monkeys (Şebek Romanı, 2004), which were celebrated among Islamist circles upon their publication. In these two novels, the corruption and pollution of place/space is blamed upon the “Christian” Western civilization. They depict how the desired regime change will begin in Turkey and expand towards Europe and then to the rest of the world, through the portrayal of oppositional places as utopian/dystopian spaces. The article discusses the ways in which space/place is ideologically redesigned in the Islamist imagination as a political symbol and analyse how these popular Islamist writers present the world and the space for their utopian vision of Islamist supremacy.
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