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1

CONTRIBUTION OF WROCŁAW-BASED COMPOSERS TO SILESIAN AND NATIONAL MUSICAL CULTURE IN POLAND AFTER 1945

100%
Granat-Janki A.
Musicologica Slovaca
|
2020
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vol. 11 (37)
|
issue 2
190 – 204
EN
When attempting to discuss and appraise the contribution of Wrocław-based composers to the Silesian and national musical culture in Poland, one should remember that the Wrocław music milieu came into existence only after the Second World War, and it developed from scratch, with no Polish roots it could refer to. However, in spite of difficult conditions in which it emerged, the milieu of Wrocław-based composers has always been open to new trends and movements. The article presents the achievements of the composers during different periods in the post-war Polish music history of the 20th and 21st centuries in the context of political and cultural changes, which provide a reference frame for the critical discourse. The aim is to determine characteristic features of the music of Wrocław-based composers and assess the significance of their cultural achievements from a local and national perspective.
2

Muzyka w ogrodach wrocławskich

100%
Zduniak M.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 13
135-143
EN
Wrocław’s musical life became particularly intense in the late 18th century, a process that lasted throughout the 19th century. Music became increasingly present in the public life of the city residents, also owing to the numerous musical ensembles (bands and orchestras) giving open-air performances of popular music, mainly in gardens and parks. Inns with gardens sprang up in the suburbs and for a long time they remained a model of entertainment venues in which cuisine was combined with music. Their activities were a counterbalance to high art presented in churches, theatres or concert halls. Garden entertainment and leisure grounds for the general public played an important role in the social and cultural life of the city. The present author examines this phenomenon in a historical context, taking into account source material in the form of surviving press articles, concert programmes, memoirs as well as iconographic material. She describes the repertoire, the performers and the customs associated with open-air concerts.
3

Audiosfera wczesnych kin na przykładzie Wrocławia

100%
Dębski A.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2012
|
vol. 13
157-169
EN
Using Wrocław as an example, the author examines the audiosphere of early cinemas, i.e. those from before WWI. Cinemas were never “silent,” because they were always accompanied by sound. Transformations of their audiosphere reflected the growing status of this new form of entertainment. The author focuses mainly on recitation and music. The latter in particular played a significant part in the growth of the status of cinemas in the cultural life of the city. First pianists then larger orchestral bands were just as important for the attractiveness of any show as the pictures on the screen. This was especially important for women and fitted in well with the emancipating nature of cinema in an era in which women fought for a right to vote. The cultural context associated with the growing popularity of cinemas cannot be reduced only to visual sensations related to the development of film art. It was influenced by many more factors, with the audiosphere playing an important part in the process.
4

Pamięć jako praktyka. Fotografia i troska o wspomnienia

100%
Fereński P. J.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2011
|
vol. 12
263-271
EN
Convinced that one of the most constitutive properties of photography is making manifest what is absent and not directly visible, the author reflects on the relations between photographic images and memory. He is, however, interested not so much in individual memory as in its collective or cultural dimension. He tries to explain what such forms of memory are, asking who wants to remember what or who wants us to remember what. At the same time, the author wants to establish how historical representations of the past are shaped on the level of image and what types of making the past manifest are the most significant when it comes to forming the memory. He takes the example of Wrocław and its residents to illustrate his argument.
5

SOURCES AND WAYS OF WROCŁAW’S PROMOTION IN THE STRUCTURES OF THE BOHEMIAN CROWN IN THE LUXEMBOURG ERA: POLEMIC RECAPITULATION

100%
Czechowicz B.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2021
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
6 - 36
EN
This article presents the consequences of the establishment of the Crown of the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1348, which entailed the incorporation of Silesia with its rich and ambitious city of Wrocław. Initially, Wrocław posed many challenges for Prague, but over time, it became its competitor. The growing position of Wrocław in the Bohemian Crown stemmed from the legitimization of its rights to the Bohemian throne. Hence, Wrocław’s art and architecture of that time reveal many political undertones. In the winter of 1358/1359, the emperor chose Wrocław to ensure the succession of the Luxembourg secundogeniture. The birth of Wenceslaus IV in 1361 simplified the matter of succession. But when Charles IV’s younger son, Sigismund, was not accepted in Prague after his brother’s death in 1419, he took the Bohemian throne via Wrocław, calling it in 1420 “the second capital of his Rule and the source of law”.
6

Ceremonie pogrzebowe biskupów wrocławskich (1300-1600)

100%
Wółkiewicz E.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 2
209-225
EN
The article explores two poorly researched aspects of the funerals of Church dignitaries. One of them is the widely understood logistics of the ceremony, including the problems that had to be solved in connection with the choice of the place and time, as well as the organisation of the ceremonial escort of the body to the church. The other one is the political and ideological import of bishops’ funerals, which was particularly significant when bishops combined their ecclesiastical functions with the role of lay lords, as was the case with the bishops of Wrocław (Breslau). Due to the special role of symbolic communication in pre-modern societies it is necessary to consider to what extent funeral ceremonies were used for that purpose. The public character of bishops’ funerals made them a tool of legitimising and stabilising the authority. The funerals of Wrocław bishops is relatively well documented. Particularly valuable among the preserved documents is the agenda of the funeral of Henryk of Wierzbna, including a detailed description of the funeral liturgy. The detailed accounts from the second half of the 15th c. make it possible to reconstruct both the ceremonies and the course of their preparation. From the 16th c. onwards the varied sources available give more insight into the ideological aspect of those public spectacles. To illustrate the political aspect of the ceremonies, the article analyses the valediction address delivered at the funeral of bishop Balthasar von Promnitz (d. 1562).
7

Obuwie zdobione w średniowiecznym Wrocławiu

100%
Konczewska M.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. 53
259-288
EN
Although the percentage of decorated footwear in the series from Wrocław is relatively small the range of decorative motifs is quite varied and the level of artistry high. Based on the criterion of their execution technique we distinguished footwear decorated with embroidery, openwork, appliqués, painting , and with engraved, incised and stamped decoration. The decorative motif most common in the 12th and 13th c. was an embroidered band running in middle of the upper, from the toe to the upper edge of the shoe. During the second half of the 13th and in the 14th c. footwear decorated with openwork was popular. The archaeological material was analysed with additional data drawn from written, iconographic and archaeological sources, to establish who could have been the user of the decorated footwear, which is regarded by many researchers as a mark of luxury and social prestige. Iconography proved to be especially valuable in our inquiry as to the purpose of this type of footwear. I believe that elegant, richly ornamented footwear should be associated with festive attire, less so, with daily life.
8

Przedmieście Świdnickie we Wrocławiu w świetle badań wykopaliskowych) na posesjach przy ulicach Józefa Piłsudskiego 69-73, Komandorskiej 5-11 i Wojciecha Bogusławskiego 16

88%
Konczewski P., Lasota C., Piekalski J.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. 53
305-323
EN
I. Introduction The report reviews the results of a rescue excavation made in advance of development planned between Piłsudskiego, Komandorska and Bogusławskiego streets, Wrocław, in plots recorded under archival numbers indicated in the title. The area of the investigation lies in the medieval and early modern district of Schweidnitzer Vorstadt (Świdnica suburb) to the south of Breslau/Wroclaw. The oldest references to Schweidnitzer Anger (Świdnica Common) date from the time of the charter agreement of 1261. The town commune acquired a broad tract of pastureland, immediately south of the city moat. After 1309 the city records contain references to “the Green”, or “the Common”, and, starting from 1312, to gardens in this area. Barthel Stein’s Descriptio from the early 16th c. mentions gardens, which were accompanied by homesteads inhabited by gardeners. The gardens lay south of a road which ran parallel to the city walls, the future Gartenstrasse (Garden Street) – now, Józefa Piłsudskiego St. By the end of the medieval period the area had developed a special group of suburban population, referred to as Kräuter, or, “Krauts”. In the early modern period they were distinguished by their distinctive costume and also, their dialect. During the Napoleonic Wars the decision was taken to pull down the city walls which in the earlier period had obstructed urban expansion to the city suburbs. In the first half of the 19th c. the Świdnica suburb became a district of Breslau. II. Land use and changes in build-up as documented by rescue excavation results In the area of investigation the uppermost level of the natural soil consists of various grades of sand, gravel and clay, recorded as stratigraphic unit, or context 46. This formation rested at the level respectively of, 116.70 m and 117 m above the sea level, in the N and S area of the trench; this corresponds to the natural south-to-north slope of the land which descends towards the lower terraces of the Odra R. Another natural feature observed in the area of the investigation is a fairly thick overlying layer of soil, built of fertile Odra fen soil. This rich soil was accompanied by a rather high level of groundwater, responsible for a good level of moisture in the humus. This may be treated as confirmation that the studied area was suitable for suburban gardens. Phase I – Late medieval period Gardening activity in the area of the investigation is confirmed by the presence of an artificial ditch dug to control the level of moisture in the soil. It ran roughly parallel to the Gartenstrasse at a distance of about 9 m from the present-day edge of the pavement. The depth and width of the ditch were respectively, around 1.10 m and 1.60 m. Its banks had been shored with piles driven into the ground on both sides of the ditch. The ditch was in use and gradually silted up during the 15th century and the first decades of the 16th. Human activity during the late medieval period is documented also by finds of pottery fragments which occurred outside the ditch, in the upper level of the soil as well as in other younger layers and archaeological features. Phase II – 16th and 1st half of 17th century The 16th and the first half of the 17th century were a period of intensifying use of the area while its earlier use was sustained. We found evidence on suburban gardening and also on some rare instances of timber build-up which are documented by a series of archaeological features. These cluster in the northern fragment of the investigated area, that is, in the zone of the Gartenstrasse. In the area of the future plot 73 in Gartenstrasse/1Neudorfstrasse, a well was dug to the depth of more than 5.60 m. Its timber frame survived in its lower reaches. Identified within property at 71 Gartenstrasse was context (stratigraphic unit) 58, interpreted as the remains of a cask dug into the ground. In its horizontal plan this feature had the form of a sub-circular pit, up to 80 cm in diameter. Its surviving depth was 44 cm. In the neighbouring plot at 69 Gartenstrasse, phase II was represented by a layer of packed clay. Its location and nature indicate that this could be the remains of a packed clay floor of a timber building. Use of the area during the 16th c. is documented also by a sizable series of finds of pottery vessel and stove tile fragments. Phase III – 18th – first half of 19th century No. 69 Józefa Piłsudskiego St./Gartenstrasse The oldest feature in the plot dating from this phase is a lightweight timber structure supported on posts, interpreted as an outbuilding. Its place was soon taken by a masonry building – context (stratigraphic unit) 33 – documented by surviving fragments of a brick foundation. Moreover, an outbuilding was raised at the back of the plot. A number of pits of obscure function were also discovered in the yard of the plot. No. 71 Józefa Piłsudskiego St./Gartenstrasse A number of features discovered in the yard of this plot were dated to the phase of interest. They include pits of diverse form, some backfilled with rubble from destroyed half-timbered frame buildings having walls built of wood and clay (Fachwerk). Other features were interpreted as traces of posts driven into the ground. No. 73 Ogrodowa St. /1 Komandorska St. (Gartenstrasse/Neudorfstrasse) During the 18th c. a masonry building was constructed on the corner of the two streets. It survived as fragments of the foundations of the S and W walls and of partition walls. Its length, measured E-W and N-S, was respectively, over 16 and 8.3 m. No. 3 Komandorska St./Neudorfstrasse The area of this plot yielded no relics associated with phase III. No. 5 Komandorska St./Neudorfstrasse Investigation of this plot identified relics of timber posted buildings. At a distance of between 9 and 14 m from today’s upper end of the plot we detected context (stratigraphic unit) 140 – a complex of postholes marking a fragment of the plan of a posted building having the length of at 5.50 m. At a distance of 4 m to the west were discovered traces of another posted building, recorded as context (stratigraphic unit) 13 A-E. In this case, five posts defined the plan of a building aligned WE, with a length of at least 5.50 m and a width of at least 3 m. One more posted building was identified at a distance of 35.50 m from the upper boundary of the plot. The length of this structure was approx. 4.90 m, its width, approx. 4 m. Finally, there were also a number of archaeological features of an undetermined purpose. No. 7 Komandorska St./Neudorfstrasse No buildings datable to phase III were identified in the area of the future no. 7 Neudorfstrasse. Its occupation during this phase is documented by a series of sunken features. Their function is hard to determine, their forms diverse and irregular. Interspersed among them were pits backfilled with humus, perhaps associated with bulk storage of root vegetables. No. 9 Komandorska St./Neudorfstrasse During this period the plot had no permanent buildings. Its use as a backyard is documented by the presence of two approximately rectangular features with a flat bottom, useful for storing vegetables. No. Komandorska St./no. 18 Wojciecha Bogusławskiego St. (Neudorfstrasse / Springerstrasse) The nature of features associated with phase III indicates that the area of this plot was used as a backyard of an intensively managed northern zone of the investigated area. At a distance of 115.20 m from Komandorska street (Neudorfstrasse), in the N area of the future plot, we identified a lime-slaking pit. Also investigated here were several pits of an obscure function. No. 17 Wojciecha Bogusławskiego St./Springerstrasse Significant for the character of this plot was context (stratigraphic unit) 131 – a rectangular 5.80 × 6.60 m feature. Its regular form suggests that it may be the relics of a cellar of a timber outbuilding. Also notable is context (stratigraphic unit) 125 – discovered 7.80 m from today’s Bogusławskiego St., an irregular pit with a 5.20 × 6.80 m plan. Next to these, in the area of the future property no. 17 were discovered a few smaller features which possibly also belong in the same phase, judging by their stratigraphic position and the nature of the recovered archaeological material. No. 16 Wojciecha Bogusławskiego St./Springerstrasse The area of the later property was used during the described phase for economic purposes. At a distance of 13.50 m from Bogusławskiego St., on the boundary of plots no. 15 and 16, was uncovered a pit for slaking lime – context (stratigraphic unit) 88, divided internally into two chambers. At the same time, the purpose of a small pit discovered to the east of the lime pit and recorded as context (stratigraphic unit) 115, is unclear. No. 15 Wojciecha Bogusławskiego St./Springerstrasse The main feature identified at the upper end of this plot was an arrangement of postholes, interpreted as a supporting structure of E wall of an outbuilding (context/ stratigraphic unit 134). Moving away from Bogusławskiego St., the investigation identified context/stratigraphic unit 89 – a shallow pit, rectangular in plan, at least 1.80 (NS) × approx. 2 m, of obscure function; there were also two poorly preserved lime-slaking pits - (context/stratigraphic unit 91 and 138). Phase IV – second half of 19th-20th c. The latter half of the 19th c. was a period of intensive demographic and territorial growth of Breslau, now freed from the constraint of its city walls. The investment boom linked with a rapid industrialisation affected also the area under investigation; a major development which contributed to the change in its character was construction of the Main Station (of the Upper Silesian Railway). Gartenstrasse was upgraded from a suburban road to the rank of a city street. The breaking up of the large garden plots into smaller ones resulted in property divisions which survived until 1945. This development went hand in hand with construction of town houses in a compact layout and a gradual closing off of the street frontages, also in the district under investigation. While investigating the remains of buildings it was found that their construction, which gave rise to sections of frontages along Gartenstrasse, Neudorfstrasse and Springerstrasse was a gradual process. Plans of Breslau from 1865 and 1873 show that an older group of town houses were built in plots 69-73 in Gartenstrasse and 1-5 in Neudorfstrasse. According to the investigated remains of town houses, the corner property no. 73 Gartenstrasse / 1 Komandorska had added to it in succession, nos. 71 and 69. The building at no. 3 Neudorfstrasse filled a gap between a corner building, which also filled the frontage of no. 5 Neudorfstrasse. A younger group of town houses included, in chronological order, nos. 7, 9 in Neudorfstrasse and four buildings, including one on the corner, all built during the same period: no. 11 Neudorfstrasse, nos. 15-18 Springerstrasse. The houses at no. 7, 9 Neudorfstrasse, date from before 1882, as revealed by a surviving plan of the water and sewage systems made for the latter property. The upper time limit for the construction of the four houses built during the same period is designated by a map of Breslau from 1891 which shows them. Changes made to the build-up of plots with town houses from the front involved modernisation made to these buildings. There was rebuilding of premises housing commerce and services in basements and recessed ground floors of the town houses. Some of the buildings were provided with a basement under a part of their premises. The water supply and sewage systems were expanded, occasionally, with some changes made to the fittings.
9

CRAFT AND INDUSTRY EXHIBITIONS IN BRESLAU (WROCŁAW) IN 1852 AND 1857 AS A REFLECTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKING IN THE REGION

88%
Gul J.
Musicologica Slovaca
|
2023
|
vol. 14 (40)
|
issue 2
246 - 258
EN
Crafts and industry exhibitions have been of profound significance to economic and cultural history globally. As they included musical instruments, especially pianos, they had a significant impact on the development of musical instrument making, creatively stimulating instrument makers and giving them the opportunity to compare different products and introduce innovations. In addition, the exhibitions had an important impact on musical life. The focus of the author’s interest is on musical instruments presented at important industry exhibitions held in Breslau, Silesia (now Wrocław, Poland) in 1852 and 1857.
10

Foniczne ingerencje w miejskiej przestrzeni. Instalacja dźwiękowa „(Od)głosy w zaułkach”

75%
Losiak R.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
|
2012
|
vol. 13
79-88
EN
The article is an attempt to present and analyse an artistic project carried out in Wrocław’s public space in May 2010 by Maciej Bączyk and Paweł Romańczuk in the form of sound installations entitled „Backstreet sounds.” The authors intended the installations, accompanying the Contemporary Polish Music Festival, not only to be a form of artistic expression but also to provoke the audience — passer-by — with audio references to the history of the city and its soundscape. Thus the installations became a form of manifestation, the aim of which was to interest the audience in the problem of the city audiosphere. In interpreting this event, it was important to take into account the research conducted during the project by cultural studies students of the University of Wrocław based on questionnaires, interviews and observation of the participants’ behaviour. The results of this research seem to be interesting for the formulation of broader conclusions concerning the relations between people and their sound environment.
11

DER CHOR VON ST. MORITZ IN OLMÜTZ (OLOMOUC) IM SPANNUNGSFELD ARCHITEKTURGESCHICHTLICHER ERFINDUNGEN DES MITTELEUROPÄISCHEN SPÄTMITTELALTELTERS. ALTE BEOBACHTUNGEN UND NEUE ERKENNTNISSE

75%
Morawitz S.
ARS
|
2020
|
vol. 53
|
issue 2
173 – 194
EN
The reconstruction of St Maurice in Olomouc was one of the most important building projects in late medieval Moravia. The research assumes that the work began in 1415 and continued, with several interruptions, into the late of the 15th century. This paper wants to critically examine the dating of the choir as an eastern part of the parish church between 1453 and 1483/1492. It approaches the building enterprise with a detailed analysis of the stylistic, typological and archaeological findings and highlights the dynamics behind the outlined designs. Especially the ambitious and, for this region, unusual designs share far-reaching artistic connections with important centres such as Wrocław, Brno and Vienna. Therefore, this paper proposes that the project`s exceptional value is imbedded in Central Europe’s architectural history.
12
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KONFRATERNITY KONVENTU PANNY MARIE A SV. KARLA VELIKÉHO NA NOVÉM MĚSTĚ PRAŽSKÉM Z DOBY PŘEDHUSITSKÉ

63%
Krafl P.
Konštantínove listy
|
2022
|
vol. 15
|
issue 2
79 - 89
EN
The objective of this paper is to provide a summary of the confraternities of the convent of the Canons Regular of St Augustine in Prague’s New Town with other monasterial convents from the pre-Hussite period. The tool used to conclude confraternities was a confraternity document. With a few exceptions, this was not a jointly-issued document. It comprised two separate documents with the same wording which both convents produced. One of the prominent institutions in the newly established Prague New Town was the monastery of the Canons Regular of St Augustine at the church dedicated to Our Lady and St Charles the Great. There are three extant confraternity documents issued by the Prague convent for other convents of the Order of the Canons Regular of St Augustine, specifically for the convents in Třeboň (1376), Kłodzko (1386), and Kazimierz near Cracow (1412). We also have five confraternity documents issued by convents of the Canons Regular of St Augustine for the Prague convent. These are documents from the convents in Třeboň (1377), Rokycany (1380–1397), Lanškroun (1387), Sadská (1389), and Wrocław (1406). With the exception of the Wrocław monastery document, these documents have the same wording. Using the necrology of the monastery of the same order in Roudnice, the confraternity of the Prague convent with the Roudnice convent was proven. Medieval inventory numbers on the Prague convent documents have allowed us to demonstrate the existence of five or more now lost confraternity documents of convents issued for the Prague convent.
13

Działalność synodalna arcybiskupa Mikołaja Kurowskiego

63%
Zygner L.
Roczniki Historyczne
|
2012
|
vol. 78
107-125
EN
The paper discusses synodal activities of Mikołaj Kurowski of the Szreniawa arms (c. 1365 – 1411) as the bishop of Wrocław (1399-1402) and archbishop of Gniezno (1402-1411). No trace of his synodal activities survive from the period of his rule in the Poznań diocese (1395-1399). As the bishop of Wrocław he convened the diocesan synod in 1402, while as the archbishop of Gniezno he held three provincial synods (Łęczyca 1402; Kalisz 1406; Kalisz 1409) and one diocesan synod (Łęczyca 1408). The diocesan synods he convened resulted in two codifications of diocesan law: for Wrocław (1402) and for Gniezno (c. 1408).
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