W artykule zaprezentowano zastosowanie wybranych metod analizy skupień do oceny krajów członkowskich UE ze względu na warunki bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy oceniane w ramach jednego z komponentów EWCS. Dokładnie rzecz ujmując, cechy diagnostyczne pochodzą z badania Zdrowie i dobre samopoczucie. Klasyfikację krajów UE przeprowadzono za pomocą metody k-średnich - będącej przykładem metod niehierarchicznych oraz metody Warda - będącej przykładem metod hierarchicznych. (fragment tekstu)
EN
The aim of the article is to describe the use of selected methods of cluster analysis - hierarchical and non-hierarchical - to assess the member states of the European Union due to health and safety conditions of work. The analysis is based on data of the European Working Conditions Survey. Based on the answers given by the respondents for the health and well-being were constructed six diagnostic features. Assess working conditions were made using methods Ward and k-average. The use of the two methods yielded very similar results. Only in the case of two of the 27 countries included in the analysis, there were clear differences in the allocation to the respective groups. (original abstract)
Furniture sector is one of the five basic branch of woodworking industry. For many years, it has been one of the most dynamically developing branches of Polish economy, making it an important component of the country's economy. Production of furniture includes a wide variety of processes. Among the most important are: conservation of wood, sawing, drying and seasoning, production of laminate flooring, mechanical machining, grinding, bleaching, dyeing, polishing, sandblasting, painting, assembling and finishing. Typically, these processes take place in more than one plant. At each stage of production, the employees, are exposed to hazardous, nuisance or malicious agents to a greater or lesser extent. According to CSO data from 2012, every fifth worker of the furniture industry is working in the hazardous conditions. Generally, the employees are exposed to: - noise (present in about 97% of plants), - dust (present in about 93% plants), - chemical agents (present in about t 60%-70% plants), - mechanical vibration (present in about 10% plants), - improper lighting of the work place (present in about 5% plants). The aim of the study is to characterize the quality of working conditions in the furniture industry in the region of Opole Silesia based on twice conducted surveys. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that, despite the development of science, technological and organizational progress, both the first survey and the second, shows that there were factors which deteriorate quality of working conditions, as well as inconsistency with compulsory standards, which is reflected in the high level of threats and a large number of accidents at work, that undermine human capital responsible for the competitiveness of enterprises nowadays.
Klauzule społeczne w zamówieniach publicznych to instrument, dzięki któremu zamawiający może w prowadzonym przez siebie postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego uwzględnić dodatkowe cele społeczne, obejmujące przede wszystkim zatrudnienie i warunki pracy pracowników zaangażowanych w wykonanie zamówienia. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono defi nicję klauzul społecznych w zamówieniach publicznych. Druga i trzecia część zostały poświęcone unijnym i polskim przepisom prawnym w zakresie klauzul społecznych w zamówieniach publicznych, a także zamówieniom zastrzeżonym. Następnie wskazano na sposób, w jaki klauzule społeczne powinny być formułowane w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego. Ponadto w artykule, w jego ostatniej części, podjęto próbę oceny wpływu klauzul społecznych na podmioty ekonomii społecznej, podkreślając przede wszystkim fakt, że odpowiednio sformułowane w dokumentacji przetargowej klauzule społeczne są szansą dla przedsiębiorstw zatrudniających osoby mające problemy z integracją społeczną i zawodową. Wskazano także bariery dotyczące stosowania klauzul społecznych - zarówno od strony zamawiających, jak i podmiotów ekonomii społecznej. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The social clauses in public procurement are the instrument through which the contracting authority may include in the public award procedures additional social goals focusing on the employment and working conditions of employees engaged in the performance of public contracts. In the first part of article has been presented the definition of social clauses in public procurement. Second and third parts have been devoted to the presentation of the EU and Polish legal framework for social clauses in public procurement and additionally also the reserved public procurement. Then in the article has been pointed the way in which social clauses should be formulated in the public procurement award procedures. Furthermore, the article in its fi nal part, attempts to assess the impact of social clauses for the social economy entities by showing fi rst of all that the social clauses properly formed in the tender documents are a chance for enterprises employing people who have problems with social and professional integration. Addition the barriers to the use of social clauses from both the side of contracting authorities as well as social economy entities have been also identified. (original abstract)
In the article the problem of work conditions in relation to the workers' efficiency was broached. On the basis of the subject literature a short profile of work conditions and their connection with the workers' efficiency was performed. Taking into account the data presented by Eurostat, the level of efficiency among workers in Poland was presented. The main aim of the article was showing the influence of the changes in work conditions on the workers' efficiency basing on the surveys conducted on the chosen plants dealing with the process of woodworking in the area of Śląsk Opolski. Broached issues should be important for every enterprise which wants to be competitive on the local and national market. Despite of their meaning, it is important to notice that problems connected with work conditions in relation to workers' efficiency are issues which are rarely broached in subject literature.
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