Search results

1

The Economic Causes of War and Changes in Post-War Economic Thought: From Keynes to Beneš

100%

Nikodym T.

Central European Papers

|

2014

|

vol. 2

|

issue 2

79-94

EN

The paper deals with various economic interpretations of World War I which are often followed by changes in economic theory. It is shown, that most prevailing interpretations are still influenced by Karl Marx and his theories. Then, the sequential shift in economic or social policy and thinking is inevitably influenced by Marxism too. Authors writing in this tradition summarized that the capitalism leads to the monopolist structure of the economy and to the imperialism in economic policy. The war is then result of the struggle for foreign markets and resources. Using the economic theory and clarifying basic definition (for example competition, capitalism, socialism) the paper shows that it is not the "invisible hand" of capitalism what is a cause of war, but the "visible hand" of the state.

2

Apollona Korinfskiego wiersze wojenne o Polsce

100%

Orłowski J.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2006

|

vol. Tom 1 Nr XI

105-115

EN

Almost totally forgotten these days Russian poet Apollon Korinfsky (1868-1973) had published main collections of his poems in early XXth century (In the Beams o f a Dream, Under the Burden o f the Cross, Late Flames). He continued epigon tradition of the XIXth century poetry while at the same time in his ballads and poems dealt with heroic past of Russia and other Slavonic nations. Korinfsky can be described as a polonophile. Polish themes and motifs appeared in a series of poems On the Banks o f the Vistula (1908) and in several poems he wrote during WorldWar One (Raise Arms!, Reąuiescant In Pace..., It Shall not Be so, The Battle o f Tannenberg and other).Korinfsky was the champion of the idea of Slav’s brotherhood resulting from fighting by Russia and other Slavonic nations against Germany and Austria. The idea of Polish and Russian reunion was especially appealing to him, because he held it necessary to gain victory in the 1914-1918 war and to establish future relations between Russia and other Slavs. After Russia’s military defeat in 1917, Korinfsky’s idea of Slavonic alliance led by Russia turned out an illusion. Perhaps that is the reason why his poetic work, full of Slavonic motifs, virtually ceased after 1917.

3

Abel Gance po trzykroć oskarża: metafizyka i apokaliptyczna wyobraźnia w służbie pacyfizmu

75%

Kłys T.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

|

2021

|

vol. 30

|

issue 39

67-94

EN

This text is inspired by monumental and editorially perfect BluRay/DVD box set J’accuse (Gaumont, Paris 2017). It includes BluRay and DVD editions of all three J’accuse films (1919, 1937, 1956), two other Gance’s films, specifying the context of „trilogy” (Les Gaz mortels, 1916 and La Fin du monde, 1931) and the large director’s monography by Laurent Véray. From this revelatory archive emerges the image of Abel Gance as an artist who for 40 years of his filmmaker’s career was incessantly reworking deep trauma caused by World War One. It resulted in three J’accuse films, two other finished films and some other never realized screenplays and projects which made up particular work-in-progress whose mission is a message of peace. The text analyzes all three versions of J’accuse, concentrating on their allegorical style, metaphysical concept of ressurrection of fallen soldiers and apocalyptic vision of resurrected dead men’s processions which by its horror should persuade the mankind to stop all wars. In the last J’accuse (1956) – in fact, strongly shortened and reedited film from 1937 – Gance used the technique of triptych in which the picture was projected by three parallelly set projectors on the large screen with proportions 4:1. This version, immersing perceptually and sensorically spectator in the wide-format picture full of war horrors, today seems to be much more effective medium for message of peace than undecided between pacifism and patriotism, impressionistic in its style film from 1919, or laden with full of pathos verbal rhetorics J’accuse 1937.

4

Váleční zajatci v Rakousku-Uhersku v letech 1914–1918

63%

Moritz V., Walleczek-Fritz J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

|

2014

|

vol. 24

|

issue 4

281 - 292

EN

The following article offers an overview of the central fields of research concerning Prisoners of War (POWs) in the Habsburg Empire during World War One, including living conditions in war camps, propaganda campaigns, forced labour and repatriation. The text also shows the discrepancy between the principles of Austro-Hungarian authorities relating to POW politics and an often harsh reality: All POWs were affected by the supply shortages which began in 1916 or even earlier: Thousands of POWs died from disease, exhaustion and undernourishment. In addition, soon after their capture POWs were confronted with the introduction of a new dimension of captivity: forced labour. The majority of prisoners were used for several work projects in the hinterland, behind the Austro-Hungarian front lines and even in the combat zones. The article also illustrates how the Russian Revolutions in 1917 influenced the fate of POWs in the Habsburg Monarchy.

5

Wolności siew. Absolwenci i uczniowie c. i k. Gimnazjum Wyższego w Wadowicach do 1918 r. jako kadra przyszłych sił zbrojnych Odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej

63%

Siwiec-Cielebon M.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

|

2018

|

issue 21

92-145

EN

The article collects and discusses information about students from the Wadowice Junior High School from 1866-1918 who rendered meritorious services to Poland’s regaining independence in 1918 and those who achieved the status of officers of the Polish Army. The groups of those who died in World War I and wars from 1918-1921, as well as those who died in the interwar period were regarded separately. A group of professional officers and reserve, levee en mass and inactive duty were presented. Statistical calculations indicate that the Wadowice school - through its pupils and several teachers - had a significant contribution to the reconstruction of Polish statehood after half a century of captivity. According to the findings of the author of the article, at least 200 pupils of the school, which amounts to 6%, actively participated in the independence struggles in 1914-1918, for which they were distinguished by the Cross or the Medal of Independence, established in the interwar period. From among those fighting in the Polish formations in the years 1914-1921, at least 154 were distinguished by military awards, 51 received Virtuti Militari Order and 103 - the Polish Cross of Valor. At least 393 pupils of the school (almost 12%) continued to serve in the interwar period, or belonged to the army reserve, with 382 being officers. In the battles of 1914-1921, 80 wounded students died of injuries and exhaustion.

PL

W działalności niepodległościowej przed wybuchem I wojny światowej oraz w walce o niepodległość Polski wzięło udział co najmniej 200 wychowanków Gimnazjum Wyższego w Wadowicach, a zatem prawie 6 % tych, których odnotowały dokumenty szkolne z lat 1866-1918. W szeregach Legionów Polskich poległo 25 spośród nich. Za walki o niepodległość oraz w obronie odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej wadowiccy nauczyciele, uczniowie i absolwenci uzyskali łącznie 154 odznaczenia bojowe, w tym 51 orderów VM i 103 KW, oraz 199 odznaczeń niepodległościowych, w tym KNzM – 4., KN – 144 i MN – 51. Co najmniej 393 spośród wychowanków, czyli ponad 10 %, można zaliczyć do kadry sił zbrojnych odrodzonej Polski, (382. oficerów oraz 11. podoficerów i urzędników wojskowych), przy czym 85. spośród nich pełniło zawodową służbę wojskową w stopniach oficerów przez cały okres międzywojenny. Należy przy tym pamiętać, że lista byłaby większa o prawie 80. nazwisk poległych i zmarłych w okresie wojen 1914-1921. Pokazuje to, jak wielki wkład wniosła wadowicka szkoła w budowanie zrębów militarnego bezpieczeństwa odrodzonego państwa polskiego.

6

Józef Zmitrowicz – wybitny działacz społeczny w Białymstoku w latach 1916–1921

63%

Ułanowicz M.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

|

2022

|

vol. 21

|

issue 2

91-127

EN

The main point of this publication is to present the activity of Józef Zmitrowicz in Białystok in the years 1916 1921. The author has decided to deal with this subject because the figure of Józef Zmitrowicz is little known among the inhabitants of Białystok. It is also worth highlighting, that the activity of Józef Zmitrowicz in this city is also forgotten in his official biographies. Józef Zmitrowicz (1879–1980) was a famous lawyer, educator, parliamentarian and pro-independence activist. He studied at St. Petersbourg and Kharkov. In the inter war period, he was a solicitor in Vilnius and then, after the second world war, in Olsztyn. He came from Vilnius to Białystok in November 1916. He became a teacher and director in Polish Real Gymnasium because his predecessor – priest Stanisław Hałko – was arrested by the Germans. Józef Zmitrowicz also managed a scouts group in Białystok and participated in many community initiatives. In 1919 he became a parliamentarian in the Legislative Assembly. Józef Zmitrowicz was a great patriot and a very religious person as mentioned by his protégé Michał Sopoćko – currently a blessed of the Catholic Church. I have used the publications by J. Dworakowski, M. Goławski, M. Kietliński, J. Dziemian and others while working on the biography of Józef Zmitrowicz. The parliamentary and senate transcripts as well as press articles, contained mainly in „Dziennik Białostocki”, were very helpful. While writing about the activity of Józef Zmitrowicz in Białystok, I have also used the collection of archives of the Sixth King Sigismund Augustus High School in Białystok – inheritor of the tradition of the Polish Real Gymnasium in Bialystok.

PL

Podstawowym założeniem publikacji jest przedstawienie działalności Józefa Zmitrowicza w Białymstoku w latach 1916–1921. Autor postanowił zająć się tym tematem, ponieważ postać Józefa Zmitrowicza jest mało znana wśród mieszkańców obecnej stolicy województwa podlaskiego. Warto również podkreślić, że działalność Zmitrowicza w tym mieście jest często pomijana w jego oficjalnych biografiach. Józef Zmitrowicz (1879–1980) był znanym prawnikiem, pedagogiem, posłem oraz działaczem niepodległościowym. Kształcił się w Petersburgu oraz Charkowie. W okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był adwokatem w Wilnie, a po II wojnie światowej w Olsztynie. W listopadzie 1916 r. przyjechał z Wilna do Białegostoku. Objął posadę nauczyciela oraz dyrektora Polskiego Gimnazjum Realnego, ponieważ jego poprzednik – ks. Stanisław Hałko – został aresztowany przez Niemców. Józef Zmitrowicz kierował również białostockim harcerstwem oraz brał udział w wielu inicjatywach społecznych. W 1919 r. został posłem na Sejm Ustawodawczy. Józef Zmitrowicz był wielkim patriotą oraz człowiekiem bardzo religijnym, o czym wspominał jego podopieczny Michał Sopoćko – obecnie błogosławiony Kościoła katolickiego. Pracując nad biografią Józefa Zmitrowicza, korzystałem z publikacji m.in.: J. Dworakowskiego, M. Goławskiego, M. Kietlińskiego, J. Dziemiana. Bardzo pomocne były również stenogramy sejmowe i senackie oraz artykuły prasowe, zawarte w czasopiśmie „Dziennik Białostocki”. Pisząc o działalności Józefa Zmitrowicza, korzystałem również z archiwum VI Liceum Ogólnokształcącego im. Króla Zygmunta Augusta w Białymstoku – spadkobiercy tradycji Polskiego Gimnazjum Realnego.

Refine search results

1 Acta Polono-Ruthenica

1 Central European Papers

1 Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

1 Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

1 Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

1 Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

1 Kłys T.

1 Moritz V.

1 Nikodym T.

1 Orłowski J.

1 Siwiec-Cielebon M.

1 Ułanowicz M.

1 Walleczek-Fritz J.

1 2022

1 2021

1 2018