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EN
Lawyers in the Kingdom of Poland drew attention to the lack of lists of professional literature already at the beginning of the 19th century. Legal literature was so vast that it became a necessity to systematize and compile it in bibliographies. Jan Wincenty Bandtkie-Stężyński (1783–1846), an authority on the history of Polish law, was one of the first scientists to undertake this task. In 1824, he finished working on a retrospective bibliography of Polish law up to 1823. However, his work was not published during his lifetime. After Bandtkie’s death, Kazimierz Bandtkie-Stężyński, his son, made another attempt to publish the bibliography which turned out to be unsuccessful as well. Although Bibliografia prawapolskiego od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1823 [A Bibliography of Polish Law from the Earliest Times up to 1823] exists only in the form of a manuscript, it is recognized as the first Polish bibliography concerning law. Bandtkie’s bibliography was novel mostly due to its scope. It covered only legal literature whereas it was registered as a general bibliography at the time. Even though there were some methodological errors, Bandtkie’s bibliography has stood the test of time and it serves as a useful and valid source of information to this day.
PL
Prawnicy w Królestwie Polskim już od początku XIX w. zwracali uwagę na brak spisów ich literatury fachowej. Była ona tak obfita, że konieczne stało się jej usystematyzowanie i wykazanie w bibliografiach. Jednym z pierwszych uczonych, którzy  podjęli się tego zadania, był Jan Wincenty Bandtkie-Stężyński (1783–1846), którego życiową pasją były dzieje prawa polskiego. W 1824 r. ukończył prace nad  retrospektywną bibliografią prawa polskiego do roku 1823, lecz nie wydał jej za życia. Po śmierci Bandtkie-Stężyńskiego starania o publikację bibliografii podjęte przez jego syna Kazimierza Bandtkie-Stężyńskiego zakończyły się niepowodzeniem. Choć Bibliografia prawa polskiego od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1823 istnieje tylko w postaci rękopisu, uznaje się ją za pierwszą polską bibliografię z dziedziny prawa. Praca Bandtkie-Stężyńskiego była nowatorska, głównie ze względu na swój zakres. Obejmowała bowiem tylko piśmiennictwo prawnicze, podczas gdy w tamtym czasie było ono rejestrowane w obrębie bibliografii o charakterze ogólnym. Pomimo pewnych usterek metodycznych dzieło Bandtkiego jest trwałe, do dziś aktualne jako źródło informacji.
EN
The military-geographic descriptions from the middle of 19th century made on demand of The Russian Primary Staff present valuable sources for historical research today. These descriptions contain priceless knowledge on natural environment, social relations and region economy. This work is attempt to make use of writing sources for military geographic profile of The Płock operational area characteristic according to contemporary methodology.
PL
Wykonane w połowie XIX wieku na potrzeby rosyjskiego Sztabu Głównego wojskowo-geograficzne opisy ziem i guberni Cesarstwa są dziś cennym źródłem do badań dziejów regionów. Zawierają one unikalne informacje o warunkach naturalnych, stosunkach ludnościowych i gospodarce regionów. Przedłożona praca jest próbą wykorzystania tekstów źródłowych do sporządzenia wojskowo-geograficznej charakterystyki płockiego obszaru operacyjnego według współczesnej metodyki.
EN
he article shows how the figure of Ignacy Krasicki was presented in nineteenth-century British general publications, ie encyclopedias, and dictionaries. The biographies of Ignacy Krasicki published in British encyclopedias carried a different cognitive value and had a different degree of originality. There were quite fairly well-designed biographical notes among them, but there were also superficial or extremely short biographical entries. There were also biographical notes copied from other publications. Nevertheless, the English-language reader had a number of possibilities to find information about Krasicki, particularly since the name appeared not only in general publications. Relatively often the person of the bishop-poet was also present on the pages of other publications appearing in the nineteenth century in Great Britain. Many texts about the history and culture of Poland, which appeared at that time, came from the quills of Poles who appeared in Great Britain after the collapse of the 1830 uprising. Among these emigrants, a large group of people were literates who, with a great knowledge of the subject, wrote about figures and events important to their country - at this time no longer existing on the map of Europe
PL
Artykuł stanowi omówienie monografii Gieorgija Maliutina pt. Польский вопрос в русской общественно-политической мысли в 1830-е – начале 1860-х гг., poświęconej kwestii polskiej w rosyjskiej myśli społeczno-politycznej XIX wieku w okresie między polskimi zrywami powstańczymi lat 1830–1863.
EN
This article presents the perception of Madrid squares as viewed by Polish travellers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The squares functioned for centuries as key areas of a city, both for the residents and visitors. In Spain, they were also an important element of culture and urban planning. Plaza Mayor - a unique European city square - was established in that country. Therefore, it may be assumed that the squares, playing a leading role in the analysed urban space, are one of the main tourist destinations. The aim of the article was to analyse the accounts of Polish travellers who came to Madrid in the 19th century and attempt to answer the following questions: what role the squares played during the time of those travels, which square made the greatest impression on the writers and why. The author also wanted to gain a better understanding of the aesthetic sensitivity and architectural and urban awareness of the Polish travellers. The analysis was carried out on the basis of source texts and historical studies. The presented image of public spaces was juxtaposed with iconographic and cartographic sources. The article shows that the Polish travellers staying in Madrid in the 19th and early 20th centuries limited their urban strolls to only a few squares, and the most important ones were approached with critical assessment.
EN
Clara and Robert Schumann were connected very closely to the culture of the musical salons serving young and ambitious musicians and composers. Clara Schumann’s life is documented very well, but there is only a very small amount of literature dealing with her activities in the musical salon. This paper aims at providing an insight into the different circles Clara as well as her husband organised. The existent and non-existent source material is discussed and, by doing that, the current state of research on this subject is elaborated. Furthermore, this paper endeavours to point out the difficulties of research on this topic. That part is followed by a closer look at the characteristics of the private circles of the Schumanns during their years of marriage and the years after Robert Schumann’s death from 1856 to 1896.
PL
Klara i Robert Schumannowie współtworzyli kulturę salonów muzycznych, pomagając tym samym młodym i ambitnym muzykom i kompozytorom. Życie Klary Schumann zostało bardzo dobrze udokumentowane, jednakże tylko kilka opracowań traktuje o jej działalności w zakresie prowadzenia salonu muzycznego. Niniejszy artykuł daje wgląd w kręgi towarzyskie Klary i jej męża. Biorąc pod uwagę aktualny stan badań, a także uwzględniając związane z tym trudności, omówiono zachowany i utracony materiał źródłowy. Tę część poprzedza charakterystyka towarzyskiej sfery Schumannów w okresie trwania ich małżeństwa, a także od śmierci Roberta Schumanna (1856) do 1896 r.
PL
Rozprawa podejmuje niezwykle ważkie zagadnienie reformy samorządu gminnego i powiatowego w Królestwie Polskim, podjętej tuż przed wybuchem Powstania Styczniowego, na fali tzw. odwilży posewastopolskiej.
PL
In the literature on the subject, there are several lists of the priors of Gdańsk Carmelites created by older and newer researchers (Schwengel, Fankidejski, Kościelak, Januszjtis). However, they are incomplete. The article proposes to supplement this list for the period of the 18th-19th centuries. During this period, the Gdańsk convent belonged to the Greater Poland Province of the Blessed Sacrament. The files of the chapters and definitors of this province, today kept in the Carmelite Archives in Krakow, constitute the source basis for the analysis proposed here. The presented list of priors (and sub-priors) is supplemented with a series of general observations that characterize the monks performing this function in the basic prosopographic aspects. Several comments were also made about the circumstances of the changes at this office. Further research is postulated on the basis of the analyzed files, e.g. prosopographic, or the presence of the Gdańsk Carmelite community in local church and socio-economic structures.
EN
The article refers to the ways in which the iconographic programme of the Knight’s Hall from the Royal Castle in Warsaw was portrayed in 19th-century graphics. The ideas devised by King Stanisław August in the spirit of the Enlightenment were extended by Franciszek Kostecki in lithography from 1819-1831. It depicts the apotheosis of Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, Tadeusz Kościuszko and Prince Józef Poniatowski, and was complemented with a quotation from Virgil’s Aeneid. The subsequent graphics were mainly executed in the workshops of Louis Letronne (c. 1821) and Józef Swoboda (published in Lviv in 1863). The last echo of extending the ideas of heroic leaders and the pantheon of national heroes is the painting by Jerzy Kossak ‘On the threshold of eternity’ from 1935 which depicts Józef Piłsudski entering Wawel Cathedral, and Józef Poniatowski and Tadeusz Kościuszko welcoming him there on the stairs.
EN
This article presents the publishing activity of the Ossolineum in Lviv – a journal which under various names and with breaks was issued from 1828 to 1869: from 1828 to 1830 as „Czasopism naukowy Księgozbioru publicznego imienia Ossolińskich” (Scientific journal of public book collection named by the Ossoliński family), from 1831 to 1834 and also in 1841 as „Czasopismo Naukowe od Zakładu Narodowego imienia Ossolińskich” (Scientific Journal from the Ossolineum), from 1832 to 1844 and from 1847 to 1848 „Biblioteka Naukowego Zakładu imienia Ossolińskich” Library of the Scientific Ossolineum), and in years 1862 –1869 under the name „Biblioteka Ossolińskich” (The Ossoliński Library). The common aim of the activity of the above-mentioned journal was popularization of science and culture in Polish society on the annexed territories.
PL
The Polish Jesuit Maksymilian Ryłło (1802-1848) participated in several missionary endeavors undertaken by the Church in nineteenth century and entrusted to the Society of Jesus. Besides his missions in Middle East in 1836-1837 and 1839-1841, he was also one of the protagonists of an exploratory trip to North East Africa started in 1847 from Egypt and directed south. Arrived to Khartum and established there for a few months, Ryłło died in that city, while a few years later other missionaries took over the work of evangelization started by him and his companions. The present article introduces this Jesuit and focuses on the “African chapter” of his life – all as an attempt of filling the historiographical gap consisting in the fact that the English literature about Ryłło is almost inexistent.
PL
Wiek XIX przyniósł w Prusach likwidację poddaństwa i feudalizmu, rozwój kapitalizmu, z czasem coraz bardziej przemysłowego oraz demokratyzację życia, przede wszystkim po 1848 r. Z punktu widzenia dziejów kobiet oznaczało to z jednej strony wzrost ich udziału w pracy najemnej, z drugiej osłabienie znaczenia tradycyjnego rzemieślniczego czy chłopskiego gospodarstwa domowego będącego jednocześnie jednostką rodzinną i gospodarczą. Zmiany przyniosły stopniowe włączanie dziewcząt w edukację, ale stagnację w zakresie partycypacji politycznej mimo coraz częstszych reformatorskich żądań ówczesnych humanistów. Pojawiły się pierwsze formy instytucjonalizacji organizacji kobiecych w Prusach. W ówczesnym prawie pruskim kobieta nie miała zdolności procesowych. Pozycja kobiety w rodzinie z ekonomicznego i politycznego punktu widzenia pozostała podporządkowana mężczyźnie, ale rola kobiety jako żony, matki i obiektu romantycznego była jednak duża. W ówczesnej kulturze w Prusach mężczyźnie przypisywano aktywność, racjonalność i orientację zawodową, a kobiecie pasywność, emocjonalność, macierzyństwo, poświęcenie i ofiarność dla dobra męża i dzieci. Przy braku antykoncepcji nadal dominowała liczna rodzina nuklearna, ale też występowała znaczna śmiertelność dzieci.
EN
The nineteenth century brought in Prussia elimination of serfdom and feudalism, the development of capitalism, which with time, was becaming more and more industrial and democratization of life, especially after 1848. From the point of view of the history of women, on the one hand it meant the increase of their participation in employment, on the other hand though it signified the weakening the traditional crafts of peasant household which simultanousely was a family and economic unit. The changes brought about the gradual inclusion of girls in education; nevertheless, they were also connected with stagnation of women's political participation despite the increasing prevalence of reformist demands of contemporary humanists. Moreover, the first forms of industralisation of women's organisations in Prussia occurred. In the conterporary Prussian law women lacked the capabilty to act in court proceedings. >From an economic and political point of view the position of women in the family remained as subordinate to the man, however, the role of women as wives, mothers and romantic object was high. In the contemporary culture in Prussia, men were seen as active, rational and of professional orentation, whereas women were passive, emotional and connected with motherhood, dedication and sacrifice for the sake of her husband and children. In the absence of contraception the number of nucler families still prevailed but at that time the mortality of children was high as well.
PL
Recenzja dwóch książek Ryszarda Bobrowa: "Złotnicy i jublilerzy prowincji Królestwa Polskiego" (2017) i "Warszawscy złotnicy, jubilerzy, grawerzy i kupcy wyrobów kruszcowych w XIX wieku" (2018).
EN
Pledges of land and dowries can be treated as a separate types of expressions. These formal acts were determined by the legal system that aimed to unify their form and lead to one pragmatic target. The contracts are texts that are formalised, have one purpose and a strict logical structure with a high degree of consistency.
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EN
In years 1795-1918 in Galicia development of agricultural knowledge progressed. Conducted studies and experiments influenced plant and animal production. At that time the thought on the agricultural theory and practice was popularized by means of the written word. The authors of the publications and articles published in journals wrote on the whole spectrum of agricultural issues. The popularized information on mechanization, irrigation, fertilization, growing crops, gardening, breeding horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, fish, bees and veterinary medicine. This article shows main ideas expressed in Galician agricultural literature, indicates what problems in plant and animal production were of special interest for the contemporary authors.
PL
W latach 1795–1918 dokonał się w Galicji wyraźny postęp wiedzy rolniczej. Prowadzone badania i doświadczenia wpływały na produkcję roślinną i zwierzęcą. Ówczesna myśl z zakresu teorii i praktyki rolniczej była systematycznie popularyzowana. Na łamach wydawnictw poruszano spektrum zagadnień rolniczych. Upowszechniano wiadomości na temat mechanizacji, melioracji, nawożenia, uprawy zbóż, roślin okopowych, motylkowych, ogrodnictwa, hodowli koni, bydła, owiec, trzody chlewnej, drobiu, ryb, pszczół oraz weterynarii. Literatura fachowa (w tym poradniki rolnicze) stanowiąca podstawowe źródło badań daje wgląd w główne problemy rozwoju produkcji rolniczej w Galicji w dobie autonomicznej. Ukazuje ówczesny stan wiedzy i praktyki rolniczej. Pozwala prześledzić tendencje modernizacyjne w rolnictwie i zmiany w kulturze agrarnej chłopów.
EN
The subject of the paper is the analysis of the influence of stylistic and genre differential on the use of cases in the Stenography notes of the Kingdom of Serbia Parliament in the year 1989. The initial hypothesis was that the influence is based on: (a) presence of the administrative and legal register; (b) presence of spoken and written variants; (c) presence of certain subgenres. It has been established that there are sentences that belong to both the administrative/legal and everyday language register. The sentences involving the administrative and legal register are mostly encountered in the written subgenres (the meaning of conditionality, criteria). Discussions are characterized by a number of predetermined expression which can be explained via the influence of the conversational style. Only a small number of sentence constructions that are linked to certain subgenres (reports, budget proposals, etc.) have been noted.
PL
W pracy dokonano analizy wpływu stylistycznej i gatunkowej dyferencji na użycie przypad­ków w Stenograficznych zapisach Narodowej Skupsztiny Królestwa Serbii za 1898 rok. Punktem wyjścia była hipoteza, że wpływ dokonuje się na poziomie: a) stylu administracyjno-prawnego; b) wariantu ustnego i pisemnego; c) określonych podgatunków. Ustalono, że istnieją konstrukcje, które przynależą do administracyjno-prawnej i ogólnej warstwy językowej. Konstrukcje warstwy administracyjno-prawnej najczęściej spotyka się w podgatunkach pisemnych (znaczenie warun­kowości, kryteriów). Rozprawy charakteryzuje pojawianie się stałych wyrażeń, co tłumaczy się wpływem stylu wypowiedzi ustnej. Zauważono małą liczbę konstrukcji związanych z określonymi podgatunkami (sprawozdania, projekt budżetu itd.).
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EN
Cracow, the old capital of Polish Kingdom, has always performed a particular role in the Polish history and culture. In the nineteenth century, particulary in the period of galician autonomy 1860-1914, Cracow became the spiritual capital of Poland for generations of Poles who lived in the partitioned country, which was ruled by the three foreign powers together. About this phenomenon decided not only the autonomy but also the old tradition and the symbolism of this town. In the 19 th century and before the First World War, Cracow was the most influential centre of the Polish national life.In this time Crakow’s citizens decided to continue the old tradition of the royal burial. Since there were no longer any Polish monarchs, they resolved that the remains of the greatest national heroes, of writers and artists be buried on the Wawel Cathedral in the cemetery Rakowice and later in the Church of Paulinites fathers “on the rock”. Famous funerals in 19 th century Cracow, of which the best known were those of prince Joseph Poniatowski in 1817, general Thaddeus Kosciusko in 1818, king Casmir the Great in 1869 and of poet Adam Mickiewicz in 1890 alluded to royal ceremonies from the time of Polish independence. These funerals have been one of the main elements in patriotic and religious ceremonies and important part of the nation’s patriotic educations.
PL
Artykuł omawia zjawisko pogrzebów w XIX-wiecznym Krakowie, jako manifestacji patriotycznej.
EN
The reader is presented with an article based on the chronicle of the parish in Odrowąż, which originated in 1819 and describes its history till the end of the 19th century. The author of the text was Jan Kanty Miś - the first official rector of this parish. He shortly described its history as well as that of the church. He also listed the furnishings of the temple and characterized its mural paintings. The text, written in Latin, also contains biographies of the first two rectors of the parish. At the turn of the nineteenth century many churches affiliated to existing parishes in the southern part of Poland became independent. The first community to have undergone this process was that of Chochołów and later on similar efforts were made by inhabitants of Pieniążkowice. In 1818 the construction of the church started. According to regulations, each new parish should consist of at least one thousand worshippers. At the same time villagers from Odrowąż, which was only 1.5 km away from Pianiążkowice, also commenced the construction of their own temple. In 1819 the decision was made by the authorities to found the new parish in Odrowąż with the villages of Dział, Pieniążkowice and Załuczne becoming its part. In the next years the two constructions were carried on simulataneously, namely the legal one in Odrowąż and the illegal one in Pieniążkowice. The argument between the two communities continued despite intervention of state authorities, the owners of the villages as well as the rector.
EN
The above text continues the issues contained in the article which appeared in the previous (94) volume of this academic journal. It concerns the process of marking the boundaries of the diocese of Chełm and Lublin, which originated the diocese of Lublin in 1805. The leitmotif of this article is historical and geographical analysis of the territorial formation of the diocese of Lublin from the moment of issuing the foundation bull to the year when all the directives from the bull were implemented, and the structure of deaneries and parishes for the new diocese was completely established. The article focuses on the boundary delimitation of the diocese of Lublin and shows the problems connected with the organization of its territorial structures, and above all problems arising from the modification in the existing structure of deaneries and parishes. Cartographic presentation of the parts of diocese of Lublin and its territorial organization enables to make comparative analysis of the contents of the foundation bull for the diocese of Lublin and its later deanery and parish structure, which was legitimized after 1807. The boundary instability of the diocese of Chełm and Lublin, which was the result of the changes in the delimitation due to the partition of Poland beginning at the end of the 18th century, is the reason why this article is accompanied by a few maps, the aim of which is to illustrate each and every modification to the boundaries of the diocese of Chełm and Lublin and to show its parts along with the marked capitals of the deaneries.
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