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Occupational accidents in artisanal mining in Katanga, D.R.C.

100%
Elenge M., Leveque A., De Brouwer C.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 2
265-274
EN
Introduction: This study focuses on accidents in artisanal mining, to support policies improving miners' employability. Materials and Methods: Based on a questionnaire administered in November 2009 to a sample of 180 miners from the artisanal mining of LUPOTO, in the Province of Katanga, we explored significant trends between the accidents and their consequences and behavioral or sociological variables. Results: During the 12 months preceding the study, 392 accidents occurred, affecting 72.2% of miners. Tools handling represents 51.5%, of the accidents' causes, followed by handling heavy loads (32.9%). Factors such as age, seniority or apprenticeship did not generate significant differences. Contusions were the most common injuries (50.2%), followed by wounds (44.4%). These injuries were located in upper limbs (50.5%) and in lower limbs (29.3%). 80.5% of miners were cared for by their colleagues and 50% of them could not work for more than 3 days. Physical sequelae were reported by 19% of the injured miners. Discussion: Many surveys related to accidents in the area of artisanal mining report such high frequency. The unsuitability of tools to jobs to be done is usually raised as one of the major causes of accidents. The lack of differentiation of the tasks carried out in relation to age is another factor explaining the lack of protective effect of seniority as it minimizes the contribution of experience in the worker's safety. The apprenticeship reported is inadequate; it is rather a learning by doing than anything else. That is why it lacks protective effect. Low income combined with precariousness of artisanal mining are likely to explain the low level of work stoppages. Conclusion: Tools improvement associated with adequate training seem to be the basis of accident prevention. Availability of suitable medical care should improve artisanal miners' recovery after accidents.
2

Fatigue in maritime transport

88%
Galieriková A., Dávid A., Sosedová J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
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2020
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issue 1
35-38
EN
The maritime system operates non-stop, by the workers who operate, sleep, eat and live 24/7 in noisy, dynamic and stressful environment. Irregular and extended shifts are not unusual for the workers aboard. The final result of the extended shifts is fatigue, represented by the symptoms such as drowsiness, irritability, reduced alertness, lack of concentration and memory, depression and headaches. Lack of sleep or rest can impair the cognitive skills, slows down the reaction times and makes it difficult to concentrate. Proving fatigue as the cause of the maritime accident can be a challenging task. So, the method of investigation the fatigue in the terms of maritime transport has to be used. This paper provides a recommendation for the process of investigation and assessing of the causal factors, such as human factor, especially the fatigue. The preventive measures how to avoid the fatigue aboard the vessel are also given.
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Opinia prawna dotycząca odpowiedzialności podmiotów prowadzących zajęcia pozaszkolne za bezpieczeństwo dzieci

88%
Karolczak J. M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2016
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issue 4(52)
181-188
EN
The author denotes that educational activities, carried out on the basis of the Act of the system of education, is subject to a supervision of a curator. Responsibility of a body running a school for a damage done because of unlawful actions of educational staff during a time of performing their duties is not related with a fault. Educational activity, not including running a school, an educational post, a complex or other form of pre-school education, can be conducted in accordance with rules stipulated in the act on freedom of establishment, as an economic activity. In such cases provisions from the Act on System of Education do not find application. Business entities conducting classes with children are not absolved from responsibility for children during such events. Such responsibility is formed on basic rules, interpreted from civil law and a contract between the entity and a child’s parents. A responsibility described in provisions of penal law is also possible in case of certain circumstances justifying it.
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Odcinkowy pomiar prędkości w ruchu drogowym – konieczna lepsza kontrola na drogach

88%
Lenkiewicz M.
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2020
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vol. 65
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issue 1 (390)
60-65
EN
The findings of NIK’s audit of the functioning of the section speed measurement on roads are alarming. Mistakes have been made at almost every stage of the system de-velopment, starting with is very concept, through location of measuring devices, to in-effective imposing of penalties. The main reason for these irregularities lies with faulty regulations, such as those related to identifying and charging offenders and insufficient staffing of the General Inspectorate of Road Transport (GITD) that operates the system.
5
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Investigating accidents of autonomous vehicles from the perspective of intellectual property protection

75%
Krausová A.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 2
194-200
EN
Autonomous vehicles are equipped with advanced hardware and software components that are protected with different intellectual property rights. In case of an autonomous vehicle accident, investigators can examine the vehicle data, the technical condition of sensors, and the proper functioning of the involved systems. However, detailed inspection of the technology and public hearings examining individual functionalities might interfere with autonomous car producers’ strategies of intellectual property protection. The paper determines whether and under which circumstances such an investigation of autonomous vehicle accidents can interfere with the legitimate interests of car producers in the area of intellectual property protection and what might be the potential solutions to this problem. The paper focuses primarily on Czech and EU law.
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Don DeLillo’s White Noise: A Virilian Perspective

75%
Pirnajmuddin H., Samani B. B.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
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2019
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issue 9
356-373
EN
Don DeLillo’s White Noise depicts a world of rapid techno-scientific and economical changes. Paul Virilio’s concepts of dromology and speed, as well as his notions of accident and technology, seem to be the most relevant in order to examine a novel centrally concerned with change, speed and technology. This article first offers an analysis of White Noise in the light of Virilio’s concept of integral accident in relation to the negative consequences brought about by industrial and technological progress. This is followed by a discussion of the relevance to the novel of Virilio’s theories about architecture and space. Finally, Virilio’s theories about the replacement of conventional war with pure and info wars are discussed in the context of the central event of the novel. Reading the American writer through the lens of the French theorist can shed light on the enduring relevance of both.
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Od przypadku do przypadku – czyli o casus na gruncie rzymskiego prawa karnego oraz pism retorycznych Cycerona-

71%
Kubiak P.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 2
57-78
EN
The opinion that Roman jurists were giants in the field of private law and dwarfs in criminal law is nowadays a little bit out of date. However, upon a closer analysis of the use of the term ‘accident’ (casus), such a statement seems to be justified. Casus for Roman jurists was not only, as in the sphere of private law, a pure random fact, but also a culpable human act. It is not hard to guess that their writings and opinions were inconsistent in that field and sometimes suggested quite surprising legal classifications of deeds committed in such a way. In order to understand this paradox it might be helpful to take a closer look at historical regulations of crimes committed unintentionally, including above all homicide, but also rhetorical sources, especially works of Cicero. His writings were a canon for learning rhetoric in later times, as well as inspiration for next generations of Roman jurists. His remarks and specific character of the metaphorical phrase si telum manu fugit quam iecit, constituting a kind of definitional topos of crimes committed unintentionally, can lift the veil of secrecy and enable penetration of Roman jurists’ philosophy of life and their intellectual formation.
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Peculiarities of an inspection of a scene of an accident during investigations of crashes and accidents at railway transport according to the legislation of Ukraine

63%
Basysta I.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2014
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vol. 12(12)
109-116
EN
During investigations of criminal offences of this category it is extremely important for an investigator to have proper access to the scene of an accident and to develop their own algorithm of work. According to the results of our study of the statistical data and materials of criminal proceedings (cases), we have found out that a lot of criminal cases in Ukraine were closed for various reasons for the past three years. In particular, there were registered 88 cases according to the constituent elements of offence, provided for in Art. 276 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in 2011. There were 5 cases closed by procedure, and 67 ones taken to courts. In 2012, there were registered 53 cases according to the constituent elements of offence, provided for in Art. 276 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. 13 of them were closed by procedure, and 71 cases were taken to court. And in 2013, the rate got worse since out of 237 registered cases according to the constituent elements of offence, there were 1429 closed by procedure and 11 ones taken to courts. Taking into consideration these data, it is timely and necessary to update scholarly attention to the key aspects of the issues, to develop the mechanism of improving current legislation and the algorithms for the proper functioning of investigators.
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Definicja nieszczęśliwego wypadku w ubezpieczeniu następstw nieszczęśliwych wypadków i jej interpretacja w praktyce sądowej

63%
ięcko-Tułowiecka M.
Prawo Asekuracyjne
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2018
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vol. 1(94)
68-82
PL
Ubezpieczenia następstw nieszczęśliwych wypadków istnieją na polskim rynku od kilkudziesięciu lat – najpierw jako ubezpieczenia obowiązkowe, później jedynie jako ubezpieczenia dobrowolne. Pomimo, iż są one coraz łatwiej dostępne, oferowane jako ubezpieczenia dodatkowe do wielu innych umów ubezpieczenia, to jednak konsumenci rzadko zabiegają o zawarcie takiej umowy i nie są przekonani o potrzebie posiadania tego rodzaju ubezpieczenia. Wpływ na to może mieć fakt, iż obecnie nie istnieją żadne standardy ochrony w ubezpieczeniach następstw nieszczęśliwych wypadków, co skutkuje coraz większym skomplikowaniem warunków takich umów, w tym daleko idącym ograniczeniom odpowiedzialności ubezpieczyciela, objawiającym się chociażby w samej definicji nieszczęśliwego wypadku. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie pojawiających się w praktyce rozbieżności w interpretacji pojęcia nieszczęśliwego wypadku oraz wskazanie ogólnych zasad interpretacji tego pojęcia przyjmowanych przez sądy w sporach sądowych.
EN
Accident insurance has been present in the Polish insurance market for the last decades, at first as an obligatory insurance and now as a voluntary insurance agreement. Despite the fact that accident insurance is now more easily accessible and is often offered as an add-on to other insurance products, consumers are rarely seeking this type of protection. The reason for that may be the fact that terms and conditions of such contracts are not standardized, which results in more complex provisions of such agreements as well as limitations of insurers’ liability that are a consequence of a definition of an accident. The aim of this article is to present the discrepancies in the interpretation of the term "accident" and also to discuss general rules of its interpretation by courts in legal procedures.
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SPOŁECZNE KONSEKWENCJE WYPADKÓW PRZY PRACY NA PRZYKŁADZIE RODZIN PRACOWNIKÓW GÓRNICTWA WĘGLA KAMIENNEGO

63%
Jarosławska-Sobór S.
Polityka Społeczna
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2017
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vol. 44
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issue 1(514)
33–39
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss of workrelated accidents consequences for families of polish mining of hard coal employees. Extractive indus­try belongs to the highest level hazard branch of the economy for its workers. Problem of mining families situation touched by a tragic accident has been undertaken, because in the light of previous studies it is a small interest of the situation and social security of these family. In this paper research results conducted in connection with the doctoral dissertation on social responsibility in Polish mining are discussed. This PhD has been awarded by the Polish Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy. Qualitative methods were primarily used in this empirical study and these included: in-depth interviews (IDI) with the representatives of coal mines, coal companies and social experts, desk research and the case study concerning the issue of employer’s responsibility towards family due to occupational safety. Qualitative methods were supported by quantitative study e.g. statistical analyses of registers and reports of the Polish government and other official documentation. Situation of mining families at the point of work-related accident of an husband and father analysis has been made. The situation is even more difficult, because of the sectoral conditions and tradition the miner is very often the main breadwinner in the family and the only one working person. Conclusions of this study are pointing out basic problems of the affected workers families. It’s also define the needs related with support system and complex aid scheme for the family of workers affected by workrelated accidents.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie następstw wypadków przy pracy dla rodzin pracowników polskiego górnictwa węgla kamiennego. Przemysł wydobywczy należy do gałęzi gospodarki o wysokim stopniu ryzyka dla zatrudnionych. Problem sytuacji rodzin górniczych dotkniętych tragicznym zdarzeniem został podjęty, ponieważ w świetle wyników dotychczasowych badań jest zbyt małe zainteresowanie sytuacją i zabezpieczeniem socjalnym rodzin pracowników, którzy zginęli przy pracy.W artykule dokonano analiizy sytuacji rodzin górniczych, które znalazły się w sytuacji wypadku przy pracy męża i ojca. Sytuacja ta jest tym trudniejsza, ponieważ uwarunkowania sektorowe i tradycja spowodowały, że górnik był często jedynym żywicielem rodziny i jedyną pracującą osobą. Wnioski wskazują podstawowe problemy, z jakimi muszą się zmierzyć rodziny poszkodowanych pracowników. Określają też potrzeby w zakresie opracowania systemu wsparcia i kompleksowej pomocy rodzinie pracownika poszkodowanego w wyniku wypadku przy pracy.
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Еnvironmental and Socio-Demographic Consequences of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Historical Retrospective after 36 Years

63%
Chubina T. D., Fedorenko Y. A., Spirkin O. O.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
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2023
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issue Special Issue
101-109
EN
The accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant was one of the largest in human history. It is often referred to as a global event because its effects were felt not only by Ukrainians but also by the populations of Belarus, Russia, Central Europe, the Balkans and the Scandinavian Peninsula. 2022 marked the 36th anniversary of this terrible occurrence, when the history of Ukraine in the late twentieth century was divided into two parts: before the tragedy of 26 April 1986, and after it. Today, it is important for Ukrainian society not only to recognise the significance of the catastrophe and remember its victims but also to find ways to overcome its grave consequences. This requires comprehensive research useful for developing new approaches to minimising the environmental and socio-demographic problems caused by the Chornobyl tragedy. Thus, this research has practical scientific, humanitarian and socio-political significance. The novelty of the obtained results lies in the study’s critical rethinking of the achievements of predecessors and its analysis of historical sources concerning the environmental and socio-demographic consequences of the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant as they manifested from 1986 to 2022. The methodological basis of the work is empirical cognition. The use of logical-analytical methods of grouping and typology allows us to classify homogeneous events and coherently present the material of the article. The study additionally uses comparative judgment, historical-statistical and problem-chronological methods. The principles of objectivity and impartiality also play an important role in the work. The purpose of the study is to investigate the consequences of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident on the environmental and socio-demographic aspects of the population of Ukraine from 1986 to 2022 based on the identified set of sources. From a historical perspective, the level of pollution in the territories of Ukraine is traced, the demographic situation is monitored, and parallels are drawn between the Chornobyl disaster and the increase in incurable diseases and mortality. In conclusion, the authors note that although 36 years have passed, the echo of this catastrophe remains tangible for the population of Ukraine. Several issues still must be solved. The first is the return to life, namely, the safe living and management of areas that have been exposed to radiation contamination, as well as the continuation of work aimed at restoring agricultural soils. Second, purposeful work must be conducted by the state to minimise social and demographic problems resulting from the Chornobyl catastrophe. In our opinion, the government should increase expenditures aimed at providing quality medical services to the population of Ukraine, as well as conduct constant monitoring of the health of those people who are at high risk in order to better detect diseases in their early stages. These groups of people include liquidators of the consequences of the accident and migrants. Such measures can stabilise the demographic situation by increasing birth rates and reducing mortality, as well as improve the health and living standards of the population of Ukraine.
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Bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego na terenie powiatu ostródzkiego w latach 2017–2019 . Raport z badań

63%
Sobiecki M.
Studia i Analizy Nauk o Polityce
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2022
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issue 1
136-160
EN
The article presents the issues of road safety in the district of Ostróda. For this purpose, the definition of safety and safety in road traffic was discussed. The main hazards of road traffic were presented and the issues of weather conditions, road conditions and other elements contributing to road accidents were raised. Then, the results of the research carried out in 2017–2019 by the Prevention and Traffic Department of the District Police Headquarters in Ostróda on the roads of the Ostróda District aimed at improving safety was analyzed, as well as the topic of road traffic safety in the Ostróda District in the public perception on the basis of a questionnaire survey was presented.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje problematykę bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego na terenie powiatu ostródzkiego. W tym celu omówiono definicję bezpieczeństwa i bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym. Scharakteryzowano główne zagrożenia w ruchu drogowym oraz poruszono kwestie warunków atmosferycznych, stanu dróg i innych elementów przyczyniających się do powstawania zdarzeń drogowych. Następnie zanalizowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w latach 2017–2019 przez Wydział Prewencji i Ruchu Drogowego Komendy Powiatowej Policji w Ostródzie na drogach powiatu ostródzkiego, zmierzających do poprawy bezpieczeństwa, jak również przedstawiono temat bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego na terenie powiatu ostródzkiego w odbiorze społecznym na podstawie badania ankietowego.
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Preparation of an enterprise for emergency situations and their better communication

63%
Bienias M., Czerniak K., Ewertowski T.
Informatyka Ekonomiczna
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2019
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issue 3 (53)
9-22
EN
The article presents issues related to emergency situations, referring to legal and normative requirements (in particular ISO 45001 and ISO 14001). After defining what an emergency situation is and indicating the differences between it and a crisis situation, arguments in favour of preparing companies for such situations were presented. In order to identify those threats that may cause an emergency situation, the threats were identified and risk assessed using a matrix method used by the Government Security Centre, modified for the purposes of research. This was followed by detailed guidelines for the drafting of the procedures to ensure its completeness, and a general scheme for it was proposed. Finally, technological proposals to improve communication and facilitate access to emergency procedures were presented and conclusions drawn.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z sytuacjami awaryjnymi, nawiązując do wymagań prawnych oraz normatywnych (szczególnie ISO 45001 oraz ISO 14001). Po zdefiniowaniu, czym jest sytuacja awaryjna, oraz wskazaniu różnic między nią a sytuacją kryzysową przedstawiono argumenty przemawiające za przygotowaniem przedsiębiorstw na takie sytuacje. Aby wyodrębnić te zagrożenia, które mogą wywołać sytuację awaryjną, wykonano identyfikację zagrożeń oraz ocenę ryzyka przy wykorzystaniu metody matrycowej, stosowanej przez Rządowe Centrum Bezpieczeństwa, zmodyfikowanej na potrzeby badań. Następnie wyszczególniono wytyczne dotyczące sporządzania procedur, które zapewnią jej kompletność, oraz zaproponowano jej uniwersalny schemat. Na zakończenie przedstawiono propozycje technologiczne ułatwiające komunikację i dostęp do procedur awaryjnych oraz sformułowano wnioski.
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Uczenie się i wpływ społeczny a bezpieczeństwo na poziomie lokalnym – zarządzanie w sytuacji awarii zagrażającej środowisku naturalnemu

63%
Chodyński A.
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2021
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vol. XLV
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issue 4
61-80
EN
The article proposes: the concept of safety learning in the context of the social impact of a dominant entity on network participants, the safety learning scheme using Donna Wood’s model in which the social impact of the subject refers, among other things, to environmental protection (with the use of reporting) as well as to the creation of social programmes and policies, and the notion of impact potential of a dominant entity. Organisational learning and the social impact of the organisation were analysed on the basis of the example of the Warsaw Czajka Wastewater Treatment Plant breakdown and the actions taken by the management. The roles of local factors, such as embeddeness and social capital in network learning in emergency situations, were indicated. A significant exogenous factor was identified as the impact of legislation on emergency situations. The paper aims to show the role of learning both intra- and interorganisationally in reducing negative impact on the environment in the event of emergencies.
PL
W artykule zaproponowano: koncepcję uczenia się bezpieczeństwa w kontekście wpływu społecznego podmiotu dominującego na uczestników sieci; schemat uczenia się bezpieczeństwa wykorzystujący model Donny Wood, w którym wpływ społeczny podmiotu odnosi się m.in. do ochrony środowiska naturalnego (wykorzystując raportowanie), a także do tworzenia programów oraz polityk społecznych; oraz pojęcie potencjału wpływu, którym dysponuje podmiot dominujący. Uczenie się organizacji i jej wpływ społeczny przeanalizowano na przykładzie awarii oczyszczalni ścieków „Czajka” w Warszawie i podejmowanych działań zarządczych. Wskazano na rolę czynników lokalnych, takich jak osadzenie i kapitał społeczny w uczeniu się sieci w sytuacjach awaryjnych. Jako znaczący czynnik egzogeniczny wskazano wpływ przepisów prawa odnośnie sytuacji kryzysowych. Celem pracy było pokazanie roli zarówno wewnątrz-, jak i międzyorganizacyjnego uczenia się dla obniżenia negatywnego wpływu na środowisko naturalne w sytuacjach awarii.
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Przypadkowy Wszechświat: kryzys wiary w nauce

51%
Lightman A. P.
Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy
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2012
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vol. 9
255-267
PL
Historię nauki można postrzegać jako proces przemiany zjawisk niegdyś uważanych za przypadkowe w zjawiska pojmowalne w kategoriach fundamentalnych przyczyn i zasad. Ten długi i interesujący trend może dobiec końca. Spektakularny rozwój kosmologii sprawił, że niektórzy czołowi fizycy przyjęli pogląd, zgodnie z którym nasz Wszechświat jest tylko jednym z olbrzymiej liczby wszechświatów o bardzo różnych własnościach, a część najbardziej podstawowych cech naszego konkretnego Wszechświata jest zwyczajnie przypadkowa - jak losowy wynik rzutu kosmiczną kostką. W takim wypadku nie ma nadziei, że kiedykolwiek wyjaśnimy cechy naszego Wszechświata w kategoriach fundamentalnych przyczyn i zasad.
EN
The history of science can be viewed as the recasting of phenomena that were once thought to be accidents as phenomena that can be understood in terms of fundamental causes and principles.This long and appealing trend may be coming to an end. Dramatic developments in cosmological findings and thought have led some of the world’s premier physicists to propose that our universe is only one of an enormous number of universes with wildly varying properties, and that some of the most basic features of our particular universe are indeed mere accidents — a random throw of the cosmic dice. In which case, there is no hope of ever explaining our universe’s features in terms of fundamental causes and principles.
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Discovery of the Internal Structure of Being by Andrzej Maryniarczyk

51%
Lesomar A. A.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 3
499-506
EN
This paper is a review of the book: Andrzej Maryniarczyk, S.D.B., Discovery of the Internal Structure of Being, trans. Hugh McDonald (Lublin-Roma: PTTA, 2018). According to the author, Fr. Maryniarczyk’s book is (1) a new interpretation of Aristotle’s and Aquinas’s understanding of the internal structure and compositional elements of being, and (2) a recommended reading for students and lecturers of philosophy.
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Extraordinary threats to people and the environment – interpretation and educational aspects

51%
Wiśniewski B., Kaczmarczyk B.
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
|
2018
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issue 3(28)
79-88
EN
The article presents the basic knowledge of extraordinary threats to people and the environment. Generally speaking, it is a group of threats most often appearing in the macro and micro human environment and affecting an individual’s security. They are classified in catalogues of risks that infringe ecological and general safety. Effective counteraction to these threats is possible by identifying their sources, determining the probability of their occurrence, estimating the risk and consequences for people and the environment involved. Basic knowledge in this area is necessary to be able to cope with it, as it allows for counteracting threats effectively, also through social education. This education is a pillar and a manifestation of care for the safety of both man and the environment in which he lives.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawową wiedzę na temat nadzwyczajnych zagrożeń dla ludzi i środowiska. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, jest to grupa zagrożeń najczęściej pojawiających się w środowisku makro- i mikroludzi oraz wpływających na bezpieczeństwo. Są sklasyfikowane w katalogach zagrożeń, które naruszają bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne i ogólne. Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie tym zagrożeniom jest możliwe poprzez określenie ich źródeł, określenie prawdopodobieństwa ich wystąpienia, oszacowanie ryzyka i konsekwencji dla ludzi i środowiska. Podstawowa wiedza w tym zakresie jest konieczna, aby móc sobie z tym poradzić, ponieważ pozwala skutecznie przeciwdziałać zagrożeniom, w tym poprzez edukację społeczną. Ta edukacja jest filarem i przejawem dbałości o bezpieczeństwo zarówno człowieka, jak i środowiska, w którym żyje.
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Metaphysics and Evolution: A Response to Dennis F. Polis

51%
Chaberek M.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2021
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vol. 10
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issue 1
45–69
EN
This paper is a response to Dennis F. Polis’s article “The Compatibility of Evolution and Classical Metaphysics” (2020), which offered a critique of the author’s article “Classical Metaphysics and Theistic Evolution: Why Are They Incompatible?” (2019). In order to justify and maintain his objections to the compatibility of classical metaphysics and theistic evolution, the author concentrates on three problems: (1) the definition of evolution, (2) the Aristotelian-Thomistic understanding of substance, and (3) the clarification of why Dr. Polis’s responses to his arguments fail.
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Content available

Qu’est-ce que la réalité?

45%
Gogacz M.
Rocznik Tomistyczny
|
2016
|
vol. 5
33-44
PL
Rzeczywistość nie jest całością wszystkich rzeczy, nie jest kosmosem, ani światem, gdyż te określenia są tylko ogólnymi, abstrakcyjnymi pojęciami. Nie wskazują one na żaden realny, konkretny byt. Rzeczywistość ujęta filozoficznie w realistycznej filozofii tomizmu konsekwentnego to tyle, co „zespół realnie istniejących bytów samodzielnych i wiążących je relacji realnych”. Byt samodzielny, czyli to, co realnie istnieje, jest wtedy realny, gdy istnieje nie w czymś, lecz sam w sobie, jest niezależny, gdyż w sobie posiada samowystarczalne treści do istnienia i swego rozwoju. Relacje istniejące realnie są swoistymi bytami, gdyż nie są bytami samodzielnymi, a więc są wtedy realne, gdy zachodzą między realnymi bytami. Za Arystotelesem, realne, lecz niesamodzielne byty takie jak relacje, cechy i własności, nazywamy przypadłościami. Natomiast byty samodzielne określamy jako substancje. Tak rozumiana rzeczywistość uwalnia nas od popełnienia błędu uznania jakiejś cechy czy własności za pryncypium całej rzeczywistości, np. czas (miarę zmiany) i przestrzeń (rozciągłość) u Kanta, lub np. myślenie w koncepcji Heideggera. Byty samodzielne ze względu na to, że posiadają w sobie pryncypium samoorganizacji nazywamy także bytami naturalnymi. Natomiast te byty, które nie posiadają takiego pryncypium, określamy jako byty sztuczne lub wytwory, gdyż są wyprodukowane czy wymyślone ze względu na określoną funkcję. Te wytwory, w ścisłym sensie, nie powinniśmy nazywać bytami, gdyż są produktami kultury, a nie natury. Ich struktura bytowa jest skonstruowana zgodnie z wymyśloną przez nas funkcją, a nie z powodu jedności substancjalnej. Należą więc do „świata” kultury, a nie do „świata” rzeczywistości. Gdy utożsamimy ich funkcjonalną strukturę bytową ze strukturą bytów realnych, tak jak uczynili to Platon, Plotyn, Awicenna, Kant, Heidegger, Foucault, dla których pojęcia, czas, historia, rzeczywistość społeczna, walka klas nie różniły się strukturalnie od realnych bytów, wtedy zaniknie różnica między tym, co pomyślane, a tym, co istnieje realnie. Prawidłowe uwyraźnienie struktury wytworów i struktury bytów samodzielnych uwalnia nas od błędu utożsamienia tego, co pomyślane z tym, co istnieje realnie.
EN
Reality is not the whole of all things, is not the cosmos or the world, as those terms are only general, abstract concepts. They do not indicate any real, concreto being. Philosophically speaking, the reality in realistic philosophy of consequent Thomism is „a bundle of really existing independent beings and real relations which bind them”. Independent being, which is that, what really exists, is real, when it is not in something, but in itself, as a independent, because it possesses self-sufficient content to existence and its development. Really existing relations are a kind of beings, because they are not independent entities, so they are real when they occur between real beings. Following Aristotle, the real, but reliant beings such as relations, features and properties, are called accidents. In contrast, independent beings are defined as substances. Thus understood reality frees us from making a mistake of recognizing a feature or property as a principle of all reality, eg. time (a measure of change) and space (extension) in Kant’s account, or thinking in the account of Heidegger. As they have a principle of self-organization in themselves, real beings because are also called natural beings. While those beings which do not have such a principle, are defined as artificial products, because they are made or invented because of their specific function. These products, in the strict sense, we should not call beings, because they are products of culture, not nature. Their ontological structure is constructed in accordance with the function invented by us, not because of the substantial unity. So, they belong to the „world of culture”, and not to the „world of reality”. When we identify the functional structure with the ontological structure of real beings, as did Plato, Plotinus, Avicenna, Kant, Heidegger, Foucault, for whom the concept of time, history, social reality or the class struggle did not differ structurally from the real beings, then the difference between what is intended, and what really exists, disappears. Proper identification of the functional structure of products and substantial structure of independent beings frees us from the incorrect identifying what is conceived of with what really exists.
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Wypadek w szkole. Cywilnoprawny wymiar relacji szkoła – nauczyciel – uczeń

38%
Tomkiewicz M.
Studia Warmińskie
|
2014
|
issue 51
257-272
PL
Artykuł dotyczy tytułowego problemu wypadku w szkole, analizowanego w aspekcie odpowiedzialności cywilnoprawnej. Zawiera syntetyczną analizę przepisów prawa oświatowego, prawa cywilnego i prawa pracy odnoszących się do kwestii odpowiedzialności trzech zasadniczych podmiotów: szkoły (organu prowadzącego szkołę), nauczyciela i ucznia. Stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: kto, kiedy i w jakim zakresie oraz na jakiej podstawie ponosi finansową odpowiedzialność za szkody powstałe w związku z wypadkiem w szkole.
EN
The article concerns the accident issue at school analysed in terms of civil liability. It contains a synthetic analysis of educational law, civil law, and labour law regulations relating to the responsibility of the three major parties: the school (the body responsible for the school), the teacher and the student. It is an attempt to answer the question of who, when, and to what extent and on what basis the party shall be financially liable for damages arising from an accident at school.
DE
Der Artikel bezieht sich auf das Problem des im Titel genannten Unfalls, der unter dem Gesichtspunkt der zivilrechtlichen Haftung analysiert wird. Er enthält eine synthetische Analyse der Vorschriften des Bildung- und Zivilrechts sowie des Arbeitsrechts, die sich auf die Haftungsfrage der drei grundlegenden Träger beziehen: Schule (als Behörde, die die Schule leitet), Lehrer und Schüler. Er ist ein Antwortversuch auf folgende Fragen: Wer trägt wann und wie weit sowie auf welcher Grundlage die Finanzhaftung für Schäden, die im Zusammenhang mit einem Schulunfall entstanden sind.
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