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EN
The Actualisation of the L'viv Dialect in the Works of Yurii VynnychukThe article offers an analysis of the actualisation of Ukrainian vocabulary, primarily in the Galician dialect. Yurii Vynnychuk's novels Tsenzor sniv (Eng. Dream Censor) and Tango smerti (Eng. The Tango of Death) have been chosen as sources for this research. Particular attention is paid to vocabulary for naming abstract notions, some polite words, and vocabulary relating to L'viv domestic life. Furthermore, the semantic structure and stylistic features of the actualised L'viv dialect are identified. The results indicate that the vocabulary in Yurii Vynnychuk's novels was used to describe life in L'viv during the interwar period. In addition, an analysis of modern dictionaries demonstrates that Galician vocabulary, and the L'viv dialect in particular, are returning to the core of the lexical system. Aktualizacja lwowskiego koine w powieściach Jurija VynnychukaArtykuł poświęcony jest aktualizacji słownictwa galicyjskiego. Materiałem badawczym są powieści Jurija Vynnychuka Cenzor sniv (2013) i Tango smerti (2016), na których podstawie autor charakteryzuje główne grupy lwowskiego koine, wyróżniając słownictwo abstrakcyjne, domowe, indywidualne wzory etykiety i wiele innych. Określa funkcje zaktualizowanego słownictwa w tekstach literackich oraz analizuje reprezentację jednostek leksykalnych we współczesnych słownikach języka ukraińskiego. Ponadto w artykule dokonana została analiza osobliwości opisu używanych skrótów słownikowych badanych leksemów.
EN
This paper is a presentation of Aquinas’ concept of change (lat. mutatio) and its consequences for corporeal creatures (lat. creatura corporali). Within Thomas’ philosophy, it can be proved that creatures are sentenced to unceasing change and cannot stop changing. That’s why the very purpose of change – full actualisation – is never attainable. Creatures are imperfect beings, and ex sui natura cannot attain perfection. Such a vision can lead to a conviction that the world of corporeal creatures is absurd. A short solution to the problem of absurdity is given with the use of Aquinas’ concept of participation. The structure of this paper is as follows. In the first section some basic limitations for the sake of this paper are made. In the second the concept of corporeal creatures is outlined. The third section analyses the definition of change. The fourth one presents various kinds of change. The next three are, respectively, proof of the creatures’ unceasing change, impossibility of full actualisation, and imperfection. The last one is an abbreviated presentation of the concept of participation as a reply to the question of the world’s absurdity.
EN
Th e considered text aims at explaining how companies are valued an assessed in Central Europe aft er the collapse of the Soviet Union. In the fi rst part of the text, a global overview of the theory of valuations is provided. Th e fi rst part includes the major type of valuations that are utilized by professional from the valuation sector. Th e fi rst part includes the main valuations methodes (the net book value, discounted cash fl ows and multiples -market capitalization to fi nancial indicators of a considered company-). Th e second part of the text concerns particularly the societies of Central Europe as well as the specifi cs of this region. Some examples of European companies are provided and studied. Multiples of Central European Countries are studied as well as other factors related to the fi nancial assesment of companies. We will particularly remark that multiples are highly diff erent from one country to the other and therefore the fundamental analysis is less strict in Central Europe in comparison to Western countries of Europe.
FR
Le texte ci-contre se donnera pour vocation d’expliquer la manière dont sont évaluées les sociétés en Europe Centrale suite aux changements économiques qui se sont déroulés après la chute de l’empire soviétique. Dans la première partie du texte ci-dessous se trouve un rappel théorique concernant les méthodes d’évaluations. La première partie comprend les principaux types d’estimations (la méthode du patrimoine, l’actualisation et les comparables – capitalisation boursière en comparaison aux principaux indicateurs fi nanciers de sociétés). La seconde partie du texte concernera tout particulièrement les sociétés d’Europe Centrale ainsi que ces spécifi cités. Des exemples de sociétés d’Europe Centrale seront donnés et étudiés. Les comparables de Sociétés d’Europe Centrale seront étudiés ainsi que d’autres éléments relatifs aux estimations fi nancières de sociétés. On y remarquera tout particulièrement que les multiples des comparables varient très fortement d’un pays à l’autre et que par la-même l’analyse fondamentale se révèle être moins suivie en Europe Centrale qu’en Europe Occidentale.
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