Search results - CEJSH

1

Wybrane sposoby kontrolowania agresji dzieci i młodzieży

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Poraj G., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2003

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vol. 07

EN

The permanent increase in aggression in children, youth and adults accounts for the urgent need of searching for the most effective ways of controlling and reducing this dangerous phenomenon. This article presents a selection of methods, based on the ground of applied psychology and aimed at dealing with the problem mentioned above. The author describes the mechanism, called ‘katharsis’, which serves a purpose of relieving accumulated, negative emotions, emphasizing the fact that giving vent to one’s anger does not lways lead to expected results. The same refers to punishing aggressive behaviour. The immediate results of this process are usually superficial and do not always mean a stable change in character. Finally, the punishment – to be effective requires certain condiotions to be fulfilled, which is very often neglected. The work contains a set of already tested, interventional programs, intended to correct improper behaviour of children and youth. The particular purposes are: teaching empathy, training the ability of coping with conflicts, modelling on pro- social behaviours, building basic values, opposing mobbing at schools, dealing with negative emotions and creating an internal interventional program at schools. The range of psychological offers, aimed at reducing aggression is wide. They are all worth popularizing, although it is good to remember that it is always better to prevent evil, than deal with its cosequences.

2

Struktura czynnikowa kwestionariusza agresji Bussa i Perry’ego (BPQA) w populacji polskiej

100%

Aranowska E., Rytel J.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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issue 12/2

135-151

EN

Aggression can be evaluated in a variety of ways. Among the self-reported measures, the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (Buss, Durkee, 1957) has been one of the most popular questionnaire. On the basis of this previous work, Buss and Perry proposed a psychometrically improved and updated measure of aggression: The Aggression Questionnaire (Buss, Perry, 1992). The Buss-Perry Aggression Ques-tionnaire (BPQA) has quickly become the gold-standard for the measurement of aggression. The original version of the BPAQ contains 29 items and is designed to assess four dispositional components of aggression: Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility. However, the BPAQ scale has been extensively validated, the validation focused, mainly, on samples of college students. In this study, exploratory and confirmatory models were evaluated among a sample of 3990 Polish participants (aged from 10 to 79 years). A 5-factor structure resulted in the exploratory analysis and 5-factor structure showed acceptable fits in confirmatory analyses. Implications and limitations of these solutions are discussed.

3

Wartościowanie zachowania agresywnego ucznia z grupy własnej i obcej przez nauczycieli

100%

Szczurowska J.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2013

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issue 1(94)

101-119

EN

The aim of this investigations was to point out that for the teachers, who evaluate students aggressive behavior, the important is their membership of the group category (the In-group vs the Out-group; the Conventional-group vs Unconventional-group). It was assumed: 1) the effect of the in group favoritism will not occur, 2) teachers evaluating student’s aggressive behavior of different social category will be guided by different standards. The investigations were performed in Kielce, in six schools (primary school, gymnasium and secondary school) and 112 teachers participated in this studies. The results show than the lack of effect of the in-group favoritism where there is a necessity to punish the aggressive behavior of student and in the level of punishment. Moreover, 1) the teachers have more intensity of the need for punishment student the Unconventional than the Conventional, 2) the normative standards are more important for teachers evaluating students aggressive behavior for In-group vs Out-group, but in the Unconventional – group vs Conventional group the allo-egocentric standards were preferred.

4

Agresja w ruchu drogowym – aspekty psychologiczne

100%

Rotter T.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 2

101-113

EN

The development of horse – drawn transport, and later the development of cartage meant that different groups of travelers started to participate in traffic. The size of vehicles, their engines’ power, diversity of facilities were the first elements of the division into ‘the better ones’ and ‘the worse ones’. This division already caused antagonisms that inspired aggression. The second group of factors generating aggression are differences in the level of road politeness. These became particularly visible especially after transport has become international, when the phenomenon of culture mixing appeared. Finally, the third group are psychological causes that are attached to participants themselves. Symbolic selection in driving tests candidates (or, very often, lack of such selection) leads to the situation when people with no imagination and no responsibility sit behind the wheel. Unfortunately, it is impossible to eliminate the influence of drivers’ personal experience and personal problems on road rage. The last factor that influences road rage is alcoholism of traffic participants.

5

Skúsenosti s realizáciou preventívnej činnosti zameranej proti násilnostiam na štadiónoch v zahraničí

80%

Uhrin S., Dworzecki J.

Securitologia

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2013

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issue 2(18)

19-28

EN

The article sets forward the experience of the Slovak Republic in the field of prevention of violence and aggression in football stadiums. The text discusses initiatives aiming at dimnishing this alarming and increasing in size phenomenon. The experiences stemming from preventive measures which have been taken in this regard in other European countries, have also been brought closer in the text.

6

Violence and peer aggression – contexts and prevention

80%

Ruszaj Z.

Edukacja • Terapia • Opieka

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2020

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vol. 2

96-103

EN

The functions of the educational institutions include providing care, safety, educational and preventive activities for children. For the proper realisation of those tasks essential are accurate diagnosis/study of the school environment in this peculiar area/sphere and precise prearranging of specific actions against particular threats and among the particular groups of children. In the process of preventive planning the important role plays recognition of children’s developmental differences, forms of aggression, and individual needs of particular class teams.

7

Agresja a rozpoznawanie mimicznych ekspresji emocji przez pedofilów

80%

Stala K.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

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2013

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vol. 28

67-80

EN

Deficiencies in recognizing emotions may be an underlying factor of communication problems, insufficient social skills, empathic deficits and aggression. The aim of the study was to assess whether child molesters differ in aggression, the Big Five personality traits, emotional intelligence and recognition of facial expression of emotion in comparison to other offenders. There were not any significant differences between the groups in these variables. Nevertheless, different predictors of aggression were established in each group. Results show that extraversion, neuroticism and recognition of facial expression of emotion may predict aggression of pedophiles.

8

Funkcjonowanie polityków w nowych mediach - pomiędzy kreowaniem wizerunku a agresją elektroniczną?

80%

Kaczmarek-Śliwińska M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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issue 3(25)

247-262

EN

New Media brought new roles for all actors engaged in politics: politicians and their coworkers, potential voters and media itself. As users of new media are active politicians have broaden their scope of communication with an external environment and opportunities to construct their social image. Also the social control of general public and media over the politicians’ activities is nowadays much stronger. Unfortunately some features of new media may also be utilized in negative actions such as so called electronic aggression against a politician or his/her image. In this context the new media play a negative role for a politician using them to build his/her image.

9

Ocena moralna zachowań agresywnych w teorii i badaniach naukowych

80%

Dankiewicz M.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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issue 12/2

107-118

EN

Discussed is moral aspect of aggression from the perspective of the following psychological theories: instinct-impulse, evolutionary, socio-cognitive and learning. The results of recent research on moral evaluation of aggressive behavior and aggressor are cited. Described are the criteria that are followed by people for assessing violent acts and those under which some persons are defined as “bad” and others as “good”. Presented is the issue of contemporary approach to the hostile and instrumental aggression, and of their effectiveness as the modes of action. The harmfulness of aggressive behavior, as well as some of the positive aspects of this phenomenon, are indicated.

10

Doświadczanie agresji i przemocy w szkole

80%

Poraj G., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2004

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vol. 08

EN

The research project was designed to diagnose the phenomenon of aggression among the students of the last level of primary school. The research was directed by the Regional Centre of Social Policy of the Marshal’s Office in Łódź´ and run over the year 2002. It relates to the following research problems:  the place of contact with violence and aggression,  the most common indications of violence and aggression at school,  the individual experience of violence and aggression in different psychological environments,  the expectations of help. As far as the scientific method is concerned, a special questionnaire was constructed. It was addressed to the students of the sixth class of primary school in province of Ło´dz´, representing different psychological environments: from urban to rural. The total number of students, who participated in the research project was 455 (100%); 49% of girls and 51% of boys. The detailed analysis of the results of the research indicated school as the most common place of facing with the phenomenon of violence and aggression. Undesirable behaviours appear in all the school societies and call for the corrective treatment. The research revealed the differences between sexes and showed the general tendency of dealing with aggression: 57% of students declare their willingness to learn the techniques of self – defence, they also search for help in the school environment: 52% of students count for friend’s aid and 47% expect help from the teachers. The author suggest three courses of corrective treatment:  rebuilding of the educational environment,  educating the teachers in preventing, recognizing and acting against violence and aggression,  teaching the ability of dealing with conflicts and difficulties.

11

AN AGRESSIVE EVIL. ZARATHUSTRA’S REFLECTIONS

80%

Ochmann J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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vol. 22(22)

277-318

EN

One of the most important ideas for the strategists of security is the idea of evil. This idea must be considered in two aspects: as a philosophical thought (as evil „in itself ”) and as related to concrete evil we can encounter. If we accept that the evil is real, it must be destroyed. If we accept that it is only a lack of good, should be completed to restore balance. The article spotlights the forgotten Zoroaster’s theories and some of their adaptations placed in the context of modern definitions of reality, human nature, hostility, war, and leadership. The summary encourages reflexion of the question what contemporary strategists can learn from Zoroaster.

12

Ways of eliminating aggressive behaviors by teachers in relation to children’s needs

80%

Bezpalko B.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2019

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vol. 583(8)

31-39

EN

The article presents the research results, the aim of which was to learn different ways of dealing with aggression by teachers, and to examine knowledge that children have about aggression and related problems. Research problems were formulated that concerned ways of eliminating children`s aggressive behaviors, which are used by teachers at work. One of the research tools was a questionnaire addressed to teachers. Providing answers, they had to demonstrate their knowledge about the different types of aggression that can be observed among children, and describe the methods and ways of dealing with it. The children were interviewed by a puppet, which was used to transform the interview into a process of interaction and to reduce the distance between the child and the researcher. The second study involving children was an interview focused on a problem. The presented research results have shown how big the problem is aggression in the life of preschool children who have shown a great knowledge about this subject. The article includes quotes from children's statements, that give an idea of what they think, feel or experience dealing with aggression. The study shows, that all the tested teachers are aware of factors causing aggression in children and know different methods and ways of eliminating aggressive behaviors. In practice, however, they are not always able to cope with this difficult and important problem and they need support. This research can be useful for teachers and parents so that they learn and understand better the problem of aggression which is ubiquitous among children, familiarize with the ways of reacting properly in difficult situations and ways of eliminating aggressive behaviors.

13

New Paradigm: Science on Aggression with Sport in the Background

80%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2015

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vol. 67

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issue 1

65-75

EN

In this work, the author focuses in particular on aggressive behavior in competitive sports (highly ranked professional, spectator, and Olympic sports) and on the behavior of fans accompanying sporting events. Aggression in sports, when considered from the point of view of the regulations in specific disciplines, has two main variants. The first variant is necessary aggression, which is both instrumental and non-instrumental and is potential in the sense that it allows the manifestation of emotions which are not outlined in the rules of the discipline. Thus, aggression is considered necessary when it results from the rules of a given sport. The second form of aggression is a non-instrumental and unpredictable aggression which is of an emotional origin. It is reactive, characterized by anger, and aims to cause harm. It is not stimulated by the rules of a given sport, but on the contrary is restricted and punished by the rules. The author also points out that the aggressive behavior of fans before, during, and outside a sporting event will never be necessary in this respect because the rules, guidelines, or specific regulations of a sport apply to the behavior of players, not fans. Therefore, their aggression is potential, emotional, planned, or spontaneous, but never necessary.

14

Najčastejšie problémy v komunikácii s agresívnym pacientom počas výjazdu ZZS

80%

Gulášová I., Justhová N.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 3(22)

89-93

EN

The authors in the contribution give the most common communication problems with aggressive patients during exit EMS. Aggression is a behavior that shows the efforts toward certain objects or hostility and viciousness with a strong intent to harm. The main symptoms include aggressive behavior, verbal expressions, physical assault, damage to things, self-mutilation, nonverbal expressions. The escalation of aggression and violence in society has gradually spilled over into clinics, hospitals, ambulances, the relationship between health professionals and patients. Rescuers intervene often in exposed conditions in the intervention happens that aggression present witnesses an incident, or the family or the patient himself is directed against them. In the field, the ambulance EMS encounter most often in with aggressive patients, second only to drugs and about 10% confrontation with aggression is the underlying disease. Strategies for coping with aggressive patients begin appropriate verbal intervention. This is governed by certain rules, including, but also control our non-verbal expressions and the surrounding environment. When treating aggressive patient, it is essential that we respect his individuality in a hospital is required multidisciplinary collaboration with other medical fields, and subsequently the patient to ensure comprehensiveness and continuity of nursing care. It is one of the professional skills not only rescue worker, but also other health professionals know how to deal with non-standard situations and handle it best.

15

Why a Statement on Violence? Violence Can Be Psychobiologically Tamed

80%

Ramirez J. M.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2014

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issue 5(105)

182-192

EN

The Seville Statement on Violence (SSV) was originated by a launched UN-Committee of the International Society for Research on Aggression (ISRA) in the late seventies of the past century. Its final product, elaborated by more than twenty scholars from different scientific disciplines and from all continents, was presented in 1986 at the VI Coloquio Internacional sobre Cerebro y Agresión (CICA) in Seville. Three years later, it was endorsed by the 25th General Conference of UNESCO in Paris. Its main message was that violence, and consequently war too, are avoidable and aggressiveness can be tamed. The present article comments what were the main reasons which urged to elaborate it, and some difficulties found on the way.

16

Violence in a Comprehensive Perspective

80%

Pagani C.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2014

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issue 5(105)

148-161

EN

This paper addresses some issues that I consider to be particularly important in order to better understand and possibly countervail the phenomenon of violence. It especially focuses on the following points: a) the concept of violence; b) the Seville Statement on Violence and the possibility of revisiting and updating it; c) emotional and cultural factors as causes of violence; d) a proposal of a new perspective on the study of the relations between ingroup and outgroup; e) the possible role of the awareness of the existence of death in the context of human violence; f) the necessity of including violence against animals in the study of human violence.

17

Aggression and self-aggression syndrome in females suffering from bulimia nervosa

80%

Izydorczyk B.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 4

384-398

EN

The current study is aimed at creating a psychological profile of characteristics of aggressive and self-aggressive behaviour exhibited by females with bulimia, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the differences between bulimic females and individuals displaying no mental disorders in terms of the major characteristics of aggressive and selfaggressive behaviour. The methods: the Buss-Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory, the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome by Zbigniew. B. Gaś. The data analysis revealed significant differences between the females suffering from bulimia and the subjects displaying no mental disorders in terms of the level of aggressive and self-aggressive tendencies. It was discovered that the control participants exhibited an appropriate level of aggressive behaviour as opposed to the subjects with bulimia.

18

Identity and aggression among adolescents

80%

Liberska H.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 56(14)

27-41

EN

Nowadays, there is a lot of research regarding two problems. One of them concerns a shaping of an identity in a period of adolescence and another one refers to aggression among young people. Researchers look for conditions of both phenomena in temperamental traits, personality, family, school, and peer environment specification. In the current research, attention was focused on a relationship between identity processes and entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim of aggression. An experimental group consisted of 167 adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years old. The following measurement scales were used: Mini-DIA (The Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory, Österman, Björkqvist, 2008) and DIDS (The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, Luyckx et al., 2008). The study’s results suggest a similarity in identity processes among girls and boys and a differentiating gender role in entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim. Moreover, there were identified significant relationships between an intensity of identity processes and experiences of a perpetrator and a victim.

19

Parental attitudes and a tendency to impulsive aggression. A mediating role of alexithymia

80%

Zdankiewicz-Ścigała E., Sikora J., Ścigała D. K.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 56(14)

134-154

EN

Aim: The aim of the study was an analysis of a relationship between parental attitudes and a tendency to impulsive aggression with a consideration of a mediating role of alexithymia. Method: The experiment used the following scales: Parental Bonding Instrument, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and The Aggression Questionnaire, BPAQ. The study’s sample was a randomly selected group of people. There were 197 participants aged between 22 and 43 years old (M = 34.42; SD = 5.47). There were slightly more females (53.8%) than males. In terms of educational history, there were mostly people with higher education (74.1%), there rest were participants with mid-level education (14.2%) and at a bachelor’s level (11.7%). Results: As a result of conducted analysis, correlations, regression, and mediation, a moderate relationship between maternal control and difficulties with emotional identification and father’s control and alexithymia as a whole and, separately, with an operative way of thinking were identified. Maternal control is associated with a development of a tendency to hostility. In turn, father’s control increases a tendency to physical aggression, hostility, and anger. Alexithymia is strongly connected with physical aggression, hostility and anger and is a significant mediator in a relationship between maternal and father’s control and various aspects of aggression, increasing its intensity. Age correlates positively with alexithymia intensity. Conclusions: The current experiments suggests an existence of strong relationships between parental attitudes, mainly control, and a tendency to a development of alexithymia and also a tendency to various types of aggression. Alexithymia, blocking processes of emotional identification and verbalisation, results in a language no longer serving regulation and impulse control, increasing therefore a risk of aggressive behaviours. The current experiment suggests, that in the following research, there should be included also other dimensions of emotional regulation when looking at relationships between parental attitudes, alexithymia, and aggression.

20

Cultural Factors of Aggression in the Public Field

80%

Młodzik L.

Political Preferences

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2019

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issue 24

57-72

EN

The analysis of literature on the subject indicates the occurrence of cultural stereotypes that hinder the adaptation to the conditions of the era of an information civilization. They are of a particular importance in the public sphere. Their main feature (disadvantage) is the stimulation of aggression in social relations, the manifestations of which deform the functioning of liberal democracy. Aggression as a cultural trait comes from the fear of losing identity and from the uncertainty. The dissemination of the patterns of liberal culture and thus the displacement of the restrictive culture are the ways of counteracting the negative phenomena associated with it. The development of this problem is the subject of this text.

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