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EN
The article describes the experience of the Network for Sustainable Agricultural Alternatives (RASA: Red de Alternativas Sustentables Agropecuarias) in western Mexico, which can be considered an initiative of civil society constituted by different social actors constructing new strategies for sustainable rural development. Presented here are different aspects of the RASA, whose work focuses on farmer training in agroecology and, recently also, fair trade practices, the insights gained and the challenges that lie ahead for strengthening sustainable rural development. The RASA can be considered a social organization with characteristics of the so-called new social movements that seek for an increasing role of civil society in political decision-making, in this case regarding rural development in Mexico.
EN
This article deals with the issue of so-called peasant agriculture. It will first analyse the draft law “on the protection and valorisation of peasant agriculture” currently under discussion in the Italian Parliament, in particular the definition of the terms “azienda agricola Contadina” (peasant farm) and “agricoltore contadino” (peasant-farmer), while highlighting the arguments put forward by the citizens’ movement that supports the project, and taking into account the international context in which these arguments had matured. In relation to this last aspect, elements of the UN Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas who will be included in the Italian legal system thanks to the law under discussion, will be analysed. The debate around peasant agriculture offers interesting insights not only on the role that non-industrialised and small-scale agriculture plays in achieving objectives of global importance such as food security or the fight against climate change and, more generally, how the challenge of achieving sustainable development posed by the UN with Agenda 2030 is relevant also from the point of view of traditional institutions of Italian agricultural law, such as the “imprenditore agricolo” (agricultural entrepreneur) or “coltivatore diretto” (direct farmer).
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniu rolnictwa chłopskiego. W pierwszej kolejności analizie został poddany projekt ustawy o ochronie i waloryzacji rolnictwa chłopskiego, będący obecnie przedmiotem dyskusji we włoskim parlamencie, a w szczególności definicja pojęć azienda agricola contadina (chłopskie gospodarstwo rolne) oraz agricoltore contadino (chłop-rolnik). Ponadto przedstawione zostały argumenty ruchu obywatelskiego, który ten projekt popiera, a także kontekst międzynarodowy, w którym te argumenty powstały. Jako ostatnie zostały ukazane zapisy Deklaracji ONZ na temat praw rolników i innych osób pracujących na obszarach wiejskich, którzy dzięki omawianej ustawie zostaliby ujęci we włoskim systemie prawnym. Debata na temat rolnictwa chłopskiego ukazuje ciekawe kwestie dotyczące roli, jaką odgrywa rolnictwo nieuprzemysłowione i małoobszarowe w realizacji celów o znaczeniu globalnym, takich jak bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe czy walka ze zmianami klimatycznymi, oraz – bardziej ogólnie – wyzwania w postaci zrównoważonego rozwoju, które stawia ONZ w ramach Agendy 2030, co jest istotne z perspektywy tradycyjnych podmiotów włoskiego prawa rolnego, takich jak imprenditore agricolo (przedsiębiorca rolny) czy coltivatore diretto (rolnik bezpośredni).
IT
Il presente contributo ha per oggetto l’agricoltura cosiddetta contadina. Partendo dall’esame della proposta di legge “per la tutela e la valorizzazione dell’agricoltura contadina”, attualmente in discussione al Parlamento italiano, e in particolare della definizione di “azienda agricola contadina” e “agricoltore contadino”, si mettono in evidenza le istanze del movimento civile che sostiene il disegno di legge e il contesto internazionale in cui esse si sono sviluppate. In relazione a quest’ultimo aspetto, verranno esaminati gli elementi della Dichiarazione dell’ONU sui diritti dei contadini e delle altre persone che lavorano nelle aree rurali che verrebbero implementati nell’ordinamento italiano grazie al disegno di legge italiano. Il dibattito intorno all’agricoltura contadina offre, infatti, interessanti spunti di riflessione sul ruolo dell’agricoltura non industrializzata e di piccole dimensioni nel perseguire obiettivi di interesse globale come la food security e la lotta al cambiamento climatico e, più in generale, la sfida dello sviluppo sostenibile posta dall’ONU con l’Agenda 2030, ma anche sugli istituti tradizionali del diritto agrario italiano, quali quello dell’imprenditore agricolo e del coltivatore diretto.
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