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EN
The paper investigates the complex interrelationship between philosophy and poetry as it was presented by Heraclitus the Allegorist in the famous ‘Quaestiones Homericae’. It is shown here that the apology of Homer which emerges from the treaty builds on two fundamental assumptions. First of all, the Allegorist aims to prove that Homer’s poems ought to be read as intentionally composed allegories that actually prefigure all subsequent philosophical and scientific views. Secondly, Heraclitus argues also that Homer had to have recourse to allegory, since it is the only appropriate mode of expressing certain ideas. Consequently, Homer transpires to be not only the greatest poet if ancient Greece, but also its greatest philosopher.
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On Symbolic Allegoresis of the First Pythagoreans

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EN
The present paper argues that the early Pythagoreans contributed significantly to the development of ancient hermeneutics. The article builds on the assumption that even if the thinkers did not deal with allegoresis directly, the very manner of articulating their thought was, nevertheless, quite conducive to the growth of allegorical interpretation. Thus, at least indirectly, Pythagoreanism must have played an important role in the development of allegoresis. The paper identifies two crucial aspects of Pythagorean influence on the allegorical tradition. Firstly, the Pythagoreans made a very specific use of the poetry of Homer and Hesiod as well as of the traditional mythology in general. Secondly, the teachings of Pythagoras were expressed in terms of various ambiguous symbols that required special exegesis. Both these factors must have contributed considerably to the development of allegoresis: the idiosyncratic use of conventional mythology, on the one hand, and the enigmatic nature of the Pythagorean symbols, on the other, must have provoked extensive search for the latent (i.e., “allegorical”) meaning of the “messages” in question.
EN
The present article is concerned with Proclus’ highly original and profoundly influential account of the symbolic function of poetry, the pedagogic as well as the hieratic value of myths and the soteriological power of allegorical interpretation. Thus, the paper begins with a brief discussion of Plato’s dismissal of poetry as μέγιστον ψεῦδος. Subsequently, Proclus’ theory of three kinds of poetry is examined, upon which attention is paid to his revolutionary idea that σύμβολα rather than μιμήματα are the tools of the highest kind of poetry. Then, Proclus’ views on the difference between Plato’s and Homer’s μυθοποιΐα are considered. While the article concludes with an analysis of Proclus’ conviction about the functional similarity of symbols in myths and those in magic rites, allegoresis is shown to have the same salvational role that Proclus ascribes to theurgy.
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EN
The present sketch traces the process of verifying allegory which takes place in the Young Poland prose, in which authors use the images of sculptures. The interpretation of Pavoncello, a story by Stefan Żeromski, Chimera, a novel by Tadeusz Jaroszyński and The Angel of Death by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer allows to put forward a thesis that the allegorical function of sculptural works of art which appear in the presented world is challenged, whereas allegory understood as the compositional principle of a work is strengthened. Verification of allegory for the benefit of allegoresis is done by challenging the ‘semiogenic’ function of allegory and at the same time by appreciating it for defining trails of interpretation and universalizing meanings.
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