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Analiza antropologiczna materiału kostnego podjętego w czasie badań ratowniczych na Placu Słowiańskim w Krakowie (sezon 2017)

100%

Marchewka J.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 4

57-65

EN

The aim of the anthropological analysis was to estimate the Minimal Number of Individuals (MNI) in the examined ossuary taken during the rescue work at Plac Słowiański (Krakow). In addition, an attempt was made to determine the biological profile of the deceased and determine from which church cemeteries located near Plac Słowiański they could have originated. MNI was established based on preserved right temporal bones and amounted to 51. The most numerous bones in the examined material were skull bones and larger bones of the post-cranial skeleton. A significantly smaller proportion of children’s bones was also noted. Both of these observations jump on the bone selection that was made during the transfer of the skeletons of the primary graves to the secondary grave. The results of the research did not allow for an unequivocal indication of the origin of the remains, although it is more likely that the ossuary was created as a result of the transfer of bodies from the cemetery of the st. Krzyż Church.

PL

Celem pracy było oszacowanie najmniejszej możliwej liczby pochowanych (MNI) w analizowanym ossuarium podjętym w czasie prac ratowniczych na krakowskim Placu Słowiańskim. Prócz tego podjęto próbę określenia profilu biologicznego zmarłych oraz próbę ustalenia, z którego z przykościelnych cmentarzy zlokalizowanych przy Placu Słowiańskim mogły one pochodzić. MNI zostało ustalone w oparciu o zachowane kości skroniowe strony prawej i wyniosło 51. Najliczniej reprezentowanymi w badanym materiale kośćmi były kości czaszki i większe kości szkieletu postkranialnego. Zauważono także zdecydowanie mniejszy udział kości dziecięcych. Obie te obserwacje wskakują na selekcję kości jakiej dokonywano w czasie przenosin szkieletów grobów pierwotnych do grobu wtórnego. Wyniki badań nie pozwoliły na jednoznaczne wskazanie pochodzenia szczątków, choć bardziej prawdopodobnym jest, iż ossuarium powstało na skutek przenosin ciał z cmentarza przy kościele św. Krzyża.

2

Analiza antropologiczna szkieletów ze Stręgoborzyc, woj. małopolskie

99%

Mietlińska J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2015

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issue 30

277-296

EN

This thesis is an anthropological analysis of an early-medieval population, inhabiting the area of Stręgoborzyce village, Igołomia-Wawrzeńczye commune, Małopolska province. The subjects of research were skeletons of 67 individuals, which were dug during archaeological excavations on site number 38 in Stręgoborzyce, in years 2010 and 2011. Among the 67 skeletons of different state of preservation there were isolated 22 females, 17 males, 4 children and 24 individuals of unknown sex. Basic research included determining the age and sex of the individuals and the state of preservation of skeletal remains. Author did some cranial and postextracranial skeleton measurements, which allowed doing an anthropological characterization of the population and estimating a hypothetical intravital body length of each individual. The evaluation of health conditions was taken on the basis of pathological changes in bone material, which are an expression of previous diseases and degenerative processes. The thesis also focused on the examination of the presence of non-metric characteristics of the human skeleton. At the end author tried to do a comparison analysis of the population to other groups, similar in time and geography.

PL

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3

Analiza antropologiczna materiału kostnego z cmentarzyska w Dziecinowie, pow. otwocki

71%

Stanaszek Ł. M.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2008

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vol. LX

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issue 60

321-334

EN

The analysed human bone sample originates from a Late Bronze and Early Iron Age cremation cemetery at Dziecinów, distr. Otwock (Central Poland). Sex attribution and/or age assessment was made for at least 64 individuals identified, of whom some 46 or so derived from burials (Table 1). Demographic data obtained from the assemblage is limited owing to the nature of the cremation rite itself and the incompleteness and the poor condition of the remains. Analysis of sex structure revealed the presence of an even number of juvenile and adult individuals (if we include in the latter group four young women of iuvenis age of childbearing age). In case of most of the immature individuals sex was not determined; the group of adult individuals included more females (15) than males. The largest group (16) was that of young individuals (iuvenis, iuvenis/adultus, adultus, adultus/maturus), the majority of them females (12). This may be the effect of high female mortality due to causes such as poor hygiene and frequent childbirth. An equally large group (14) were infants in their early stages of development (fetus–infans I), whereas burials of five more older children (infans II, infans II–iuvenis) visibly confirm the generally high mortality of this segment. Traits of sexual dimorphism observed in the analysed sample include differences in height – which for males ranged from 171 to 175 cm, with females on average smaller in stature by 5–10 cm (160–170 cm). Both the men and the women had been tall or very tall; possibly this may be an indirect indication of relatively good living conditions. Not too many pathological lesions were observed; this could equally well the effect of the overall good health of the population or of the poor preservation and fragmentary condition of the remains. A considerable segment of pathological lesions was associated with degenerative processes related to aging, manifested particularly within the spinal column. Most bones exhibited a high (remains of 26 individuals) or moderate (remains of 18 individuals) level of oxidation, with a low level of oxidation in two cases only. No relationship was determined between the level of oxidation of the bone and sex and/or age of the cremated individuals.

4

Gdzie pochowano mieszkańców grodu w Grzybowie?

71%

Wrzesińska A., Wrzesiński J.

Studia Lednickie

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2022

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vol. 21

239-274

EN

Three skeletal graves and loose skeletal material of another four individuals (see Table 6) were uncovered and documented at the stronghold in Grzybowo as a result of excavations and scientific studies. Grave 1/2018 with the burial of a man who died at the age of Maturus, i.e. about 45-50 years old, grave 2/2018 with the burial of a young child who died at the age of Infans I, i.e. about 4-4.5 years old, and grave 1/2019 with the burial of a woman who died at the age of Adultus, i.e. about 22-26 years old, were uncovered. Two long limb bones of a young child who died at the age of Infans I, i.e., about 10-12 months of age (i.e., about 1 year old), were found next to the female skeleton in grave 1/2019 (probably from a backfill). Two human bones from the skeletons of two more individuals – a young child, a newborn or an infant who died at Infans I, i.e., around 0-3 months of age, and a young woman who died at Juvenis-Adultus – were recognized from the bulk material of the 1998 excavation. A single human bone belonging to a seven-month-old foetus, who died at 28-31 weeks of foetal life (age Infans I), was identified in the bulk material from pit 1/2018. The discovery of three graves (at a distance of 2.80 cm from each other, see Fig. 11) and fragments of human remains directly inside the stronghold in Grzybowo is extremely interesting and forces us to verify several views on the functioning and use of the gord. First of all, there is still no information on burials from the period of the stronghold’s use – neither the highly probable cremations from the period of the stronghold’s beginnings, nor from its earlier period of functioning when locals may have been buried in skeletal rites. The discovery of such necropolises would provide arguments for discussing local transformations of sepulchral rituals, but also the role and significance of the stronghold in Grzybowo. In addition, the rather late 12th/13th century (for the functioning of the stronghold) dating of the discussed burials forces us to keep verifying the time of use of the gord and to put a question mark on what role this stronghold played after the period of intensive habitation, i.e. after the mid-11th century. The fundamental question posed in the title of this article also remains open: where were the dead of the stronghold in Grzybowo buried during its greatest glory?

5

Thanatourism at Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie

71%

Chlebicz A., Konczewski P.

Architectus

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2021

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issue 4 (68)

91-96

PL

Tanatoturystyka to termin oznaczający podróżowanie do miejsc związanych ze śmiercią i cierpieniem. Nie jest ona kultem śmierci, a jedynie formą turystyki, która ma na celu poznanie miejsc tragedii ludzkiej. W obszar zainteresowania tanatoturystyki wpisuje się zamek Grodno ze względu na to, że posiada on specyficzne formy atrakcji: loch głodowy ze szkieletem „księżniczki Małgorzaty”, salę tortur oraz krypty grobowe poprzednich właścicieli. W artykule omówiono zjawisko rosnącej atrakcyjności miejsc tanatoturystycznych. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono wyniki badań ludzkich szczątków kostnych z lochu głodowego. Przyjęto założenie, że materiał kostny mógł być elementem starszych szkieletów, które dawniej eksponowano jako szczątki „księżniczki Małgorzaty”. Omawiane szczątki ludzkie mogły również pochodzić z tzw. krypty grobowej ostatnich właścicieli zamku. Przeprowadzono analizę antropologiczną, podczas której dokonano oceny m.in. płci i wieku oraz wykonano stosowne pomiary. Analiza materiału osteologicznego pozwoliła wskazać, że odnalezione szczątki należały do co najmniej trzech osobników w różnym wieku, obu płci (młoda kobieta, 19-22 lata; dorosły mężczyzna, ponad 35 lat; dojrzała kobieta, 45-55 lat). Najpewniej niektóre z badanych kości rzeczywiście stanowiły w przeszłości szkielet ekspozycyjny. W artykule podano też ustalenia dotyczące charakterystyki osób odwiedzających zamek Grodno, a także motywacji ich przyjazdu, wynikające z ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród turystów. Wyniki badań ankietowych wskazały, że zamek Grodno najczęściej odwiedzały osoby: płci żeńskiej; mające 35-44 lat; z wykształceniem wyższym; mieszkające w Polsce w promieniu 100 km od zamku. Głównymi motywacjami przyjazdu okazały się zainteresowanie przeszłością i możliwość zwiedzenia zamku. Podczas zwiedzania turystom najczęściej towarzyszyły zaciekawienie oraz przyjemność. Elementy o charakterze tanatologicznym nie cieszyły się większym zainteresowaniem. Największą atrakcją turystyczną okazała się wieża zamkowa i panorama gór widoczna z jej szczytu. Ekspozycje szczątków ludzkich, trumien i izba tortur najczęściej wywoływały wśród odwiedzających zaciekawienie, współczucie i smutek.

EN

Thanatourism is a concept involving travel to sites associated with death and suffering. It is not a cult of death, but merely a form of tourism aimed at discovering places of human tragedy. Grodno Castle is a popular destination of thanatourists, as it features specific forms of attractions, namely a starvation dungeon with a displayed skeleton, a torture chamber, and burial crypts of the previous owners. The article discusses the phenomenon of the growing attractiveness of thanatourist places. Secondly, it presents the results of a study of human bone remains found in the starvation dungeon of Grodno Castle. The assumption was that the bone material could belong to the heroine of the legend of Princess Margaret (i.e. it could have been artificially assembled for the purposes of the exhibition) or it could come from the tombs of the last owners of the castle. An anthropological analysis was carried out, involving determination of the sex, age and other parameters, and appropriate measurements were taken. The analysis of the material showed that the remains belonged to at least three individuals of different ages, and both sexes (young woman, 19-22 years old; adult male, over 35 years old; mature woman, 45-55 years old). Most likely, some of the examined bones used to make up a displayed skeleton in the past. The article also presents findings of a survey conducted among tourists at Grodno Castle, concerning their characteristics, as well as their motivations for visiting. According to our findings, Grodno Castle is mostly visited by women aged 35-44 with higher education, who live within 100 km from the castle. The main motivations for their visit are their interests in the past and the opportunity to tour the castle. The most frequent feelings expressed by the tourists during their visit were curiosity and enjoyment. Thanatological elements did not attract much attention. The lookout tower turned out to be the best tourist attraction. The exhibitions of human remains, coffins and the torture chamber mostly aroused curiosity, compassion and sadness among the visitors.

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Analiza antropologiczna materiału kostnego podjętego w czasie badań ratowniczych na Placu Słowiańskim w Krakowie (sezon 2017)

Analiza antropologiczna szkieletów ze Stręgoborzyc, woj. małopolskie

Analiza antropologiczna materiału kostnego z cmentarzyska w Dziecinowie, pow. otwocki

Gdzie pochowano mieszkańców grodu w Grzybowie?

Thanatourism at Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie