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DE
In meinem Beitrag möchte ich eine Überlegung über Platz und Bedeutung der Rhetorik als Werkzeug visueller Information in Anlehnung an die Proxemik-Theorie anstellen – einer Wissenschaft, die den Einfluss der räumlichen Verhältnisse auf den Menschen erforscht. Grundlage dieser Analyse bilden ausgewählte Gebäude in Wrocław, die sich durch ein einzigartiges architektonisches Detail auszeichnen, welches ein Lehrinstrument darstellt und zugleich sowohl die Funktion eines Symbols als auch einer Metapher erfüllt. Dieses Detail übermittelt wichtige gesellschaftliche Inhalte und nimmt am gesellschaftlichen Dialog teil. Dadurch, dass die Sprache der Architektur als Propagandawerkzeug genutzt wird, knüpft diese stellenweise an den Begriff der „Machtkunst“ an.
EN
This appearance concerns a reflection on space and the importance of rhetoric as a tool of visual communication based on a social theory of proxemics – relationship between the human and surrounding space. This case study examines the example of selected buildings in Wroclaw characterised by their unique architectural detail. Such detail provides for an educational medium while being a symbol and a metaphor. Further, it uses the language of architecture as a propaganda tool, while sometimes referring to the concept of „Machtkunst“.
PL
In late November and early December 2012, emergency archaeological and architectural research was carried out in the Parish Church of the Holy Apostles in Rąbiń, Kościan county. The relics of a stone Romanesque church were studied thoroughly; it is a clear-span building with a deep apse/chancel dating back to the first half of the 13th century. The subsequent phases of the church’s renovation from the 13th century until today have also been identified.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 4
69-96
EN
Medieval religiosity was manifested primarily through the worship of relics and individual saints, organisation of prayers, funding the purchase of candles, reading pious literature, and belief in miracles and epiphany. The knowledge on the subject has been provided through the studies of various medieval written sources and decorative elements in the representation rooms of Teutonic castles, which have survived to this day. Historical materials discovered during archaeological research, and renovation and maintenance works constitute equally important sources for exploring the issue of religiosity among the members of the Teutonic Order. Previously, they had not been analysed in this regard, which prompted the author of the article to put this topic under consideration, based on the example of selected discoveries made in several castles in the area of the former State of Teutonic Order in Prussia. Both the form and ornamentation of the archaeological materials may have referred to the piousness of Teutonic Knights, as indicated by the symbolic significance of the images in question, which are accepted by Christianity. Most depictions were found on the surface of architectural details from church interiors or refectories in high castles. The ornaments on their surfaces made references primarily to the figures of Mary and Christ, as well as to the apostles and parables from the Gospel of St. Matthew. At times, they may also have acted as reminders against the evil that threatened the souls of the brethren.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest próba prześledzenia historii powstania i konserwacji oraz zmian w lokalizacji nowożytnych portali w zamku Grodno (Kinsburg). Burzliwa historia ich przenoszenia, składania i uzupełnień łączy się ściśle z historią zamku w okresie ostatnich 200 lat. Studia oparte na analizie archiwaliów pochodzących z XIX i XX w., które jednak w sposób cząstkowy ujmują problematykę portali, uzupełniono analizą ikonografii oraz wynikami badań terenowych, prowadzonych w latach 2019-2021 przez zespół z Wydziału Architektury PWr. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań pozwoliły ujawnić problem związany z ustaleniem pierwotnej lokalizacji kilku portali oraz pochodzenia ich elementów składowych. Stan zachowania portali zmusza do podjęcia pilnej ingerencji konserwatorskiej. Niniejszy artykuł jest przyczynkiem do podjęcia szerszych badań i analiz detalu obramowań okiennych i drzwiowych w zamku Grodno w Zagórzu Śląskim.
EN
The article attempted to trace the history of the creation and conservation as well as changes in the location of modern portals in Grodno castle (Kinsburg). The turbulent history of their transfer, assembly and restoration is closely related to the history of the castle in the last 200 years. Research based on the analysis of archival materials from the $19^{th}$ and $20^{th}$ centuries, which, however, only partially capture the subject of the portals, were supplemented with an analysis of iconography and the results of field research conducted between 2019 and 2021 by a team from the Faculty of Architecture of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology. The presented research results revealed the problem of determining the original location of several portals and the origin of their components. The condition of the portals requires an urgent conservation intervention. This article encourages undertaking more extensive research and analysis of the details of window and door dressings in Grodno Castle in Zagórze Śląskie.
EN
In the light of analyses of the grooves that are now legible and photographs taken a few years ago, the architectural graffiti from the Teutonic Knights’ castle in Toruń can be read as a representation of a tracery. On the basis of earlier findings regarding the construction phases of the Toruń castle, its topography and spatial layout, an attempt was made to establish the chronology of the architectural graffiti and the function of the building in which it was located. The discovery of relics of architectural details within the upper castle and the finding of some parallels with the church of St James in the New Town of Toruń were undoubtedly crucial in explaining the reasons why the tracery had been sketched on the wall. 
PL
Ryt z zamku krzyżackiego w Toruniu w świetle analiz czytelnych obecnie żłobków oraz fotografii sprzed kilku lat daje się odczytać jako przedstawienie maswerku. Na podstawie dotychczasowych ustaleń badaczy na temat faz budowy toruńskiego zamku oraz jego topografii i układu przestrzennego podjęto próbę ustalenia chronologii wykonania rytu i funkcji obiektu, w którym się znajdował. Istotne znaczenie dla wyjaśnienia przyczyn wyrycia przedstawienia maswerku miało niewątpliwie odkrycie reliktów detali architektonicznych w obrębie zamku wysokiego oraz odnalezienie pewnych analogii z kościołem św. Jakuba w Nowym Mieście Toruniu. 
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