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EN
A large amount of road accidents recorded in Poland and consequently an increasing number of the death and juries are the justifications of the claim that this problem is a significant threat to public health and social issue of ever greater importance. Therefore compensation of personal injuries caused by road accidents based on compulsory third party liability insurance of motor vehicle owners came into considerable prominence. This paper aims at analysing how compensation agencies are caring out the claiming process of the damages for those directly and indirectly injured in road accidents.
2
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Euro-2012: Benefits for Ukraine

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EN
The authors of the article concentrate their readers’ attention on the benefits which Ukraine has had once it became one of the hosting countries of EURO 2012.
EN
Projections for replacement rate achievable from two mandatory pillars of the pension system indicate a significant reduction in retirement income compared to regular professional activity. The designers of the new philosophy of retirement have made an assumption that all three pillars will play equivalent role in providing retirement income. They have also assumed that the participants of the pension system will be kept informed about the height of the expected benefits derived from the first pillar and the amount of funds raised in the second pillar. Forecast of low (unsatisfactory) benefits from a compulsory part of the system is supposed to persuade people to make informed decisions aimed at increasing retirement income.
PL
Parents, teachers and students often wonder whether inclusive education brings benefits and enriches students with and without disabilities, or if it adversely affects one of the groups. Inclusive education has many benefits such as improving the quality of education for all students, overcoming social exclusion and combating discrimination. Inclusive education enables development for all students. There are benefits for students with disabilities such as the possibility of personal, intellectual and, above all, social development. Importantly, a student with a disability has a chance to develop in a natural environment. Students without disabilities can also experience the benefits of inclusive education. They have a chance to get used to difference, learn tolerance and sensitivity to the needs of others. Inclusive education can therefore significantly affect the students’ value system and bring positive changes in the attitudes of students with and without disabilities.
EN
The article presents the potential advantages and disadvantages of introducing the euro in Poland, on the basis of macro- and microeconomic theories. In particular, the author examines the implications of the move for private consumers. Berbeka presents the results of empirical analyses and surveys of residents in the 12 European Union member states that introduced the euro in 2002. In the final part of her article, the author discusses the findings of polls into the feelings and expectations of Poles with regard to the country’s planned accession to the euro zone. In the EU-12 euro-zone countries, the adoption of the euro has led to varied economic and psychological implications, including an increase of prices and social frustration. Many consumers were initially disoriented and needed time to adapt to the new situation. These psychological costs negatively influenced the public’s perception of the benefits of the euro. In Poland, the euro will probably benefit around 30 percent of the population in the initial period, while the rest will primarily feel the costs of the move, Berbeka says. Negative psychological effects are likely to provoke price hikes. Considering the worries that Polish consumers expressed in the surveys and their skeptical attitude toward the euro, the process of replacing the zloty with the single European currency should be properly organized. It should be accompanied by a public awareness campaign to highlight possible difficulties.
XX
In this article the results of research regarding the assessment of the level of implementation of the concept of permanent improvement in company X, a large international transport company in Lower Silesia in Poland, are presented. The following areas were researched: the engagement of management, benefits from the application of the concept of continuous improvement in relation to the company and its employees, barriers to effective implementation of the concept and self-assessment by employees.
7
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Přínos využití modelů v teorii resilience

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EN
Over three decades of research into resilience, this concept has been elaborated in considerable detail, and it now covers a wide range of aspects. Various models are increasingly being applied in order to present the theory of resilience in the clearest possible way. The goal of this paper is to assess the ways in which these models are utilized and to evaluate their benefits and contribution to the development of resilience theory. The article presents various approaches to the use and structure of models (narrative, simplex, complex) and outlines their basic characteristics. The conclusion includes a brief assessment of the benefits of these models and their contribution to the development of resilience theory.
EN
Immigration is one of the heavily discussed subjects in modern academic and political debate. In recent decades, fiscal effects of international migration remained the centre of interest. The goal of this paper is to review and synthesise the available literature, devoted to the relationship between immigration and welfare systems, in order to present the state of the art in this area and draw conclusions for further research. Despite extensive literature, it is difficult to find an unambiguous answer to the question, whether immigrants are a burden or an asset to the state with redistributive policies. Moreover, some of the assumptions and approaches widely used in presented articles appear too simplistic or even unfounded.
EN
Social media, such as Facebook, play an important role in human life. More and more often we can observe them also finding their way into the world of children, who use them to achieve specific benefits. The research sample consisted of children aged 10-12, namely those who-due to the restrictions in the Facebook regulations-are not allowed to use it. The purpose of the study was to identify the number of children aged 10-12 who use Facebook, as well as how they use this medium. The research findings, obtained in the diagnostic survey and the focus interview, indicate that: the vast majority of the respondents have accounts on Facebook, and the older the child, the greater the probability that he/she has his/her own profile. Girls have more friends and photos on the Facebook profile than boys, and the number of friends grows along with the users’ age. The research results presented in the article are the benchmark for educational activities that should be undertaken in order to regulate the usage of Facebook by children under 13 years of age.
EN
My paper sets to analyze the Soviet policy on access to higher education during the last four decades of existence of the USSR, with a particular focus on the Ukrainian case. It includes the analysis of discourses on planned economy and central regulations regarding access to universities, and a discussion on official and unofficial benefits (Russian original ‘blat’) during the admission process. The findings led to the conclusion that the number of students, which increased four point four times between 1950 and 1990, was less significant per 100,000 people; thus, generally speaking, access to university education continued to be rather restrictive in social terms. This was one of the main causes of the slow development of Soviet Ukraine in scientific and technological areas.
EN
Based on the literature review, significant benefits have been identified out of the implementation of Business Intelligence. However, risks have been also discovered, and they were mainly connected with an improper change management during the process of the BI systems implementation. Further direction for a development of BI system has been discussed, focusing in particular on maturity models available in the literature. The paper highlights the fact that maturity models currently available in the literature do not take comprehensively into account all aspects of the development of BI in organizations. Therefore, there is a need for further research in this field of science.
EN
While studying the law, for the students is very important to be in touch with legal issues and the real needs of the society. A legal clinic, also called a law school clinic or law clinic, is a program organized through a law school that allows students to receive law school credit as they work part-time in real legal service atmospheres. In legal clinics, students perform various tasks just as an attorney would do in the same job position, such as doing legal research, drafting briefs and other legal documents, and interviewing clients. Many jurisdictions even allow students to appear in court on behalf of clients, even in criminal defense. Legal clinics is part of the academic law program in the most of the law faculties all over the world and it has a great impact in the community’s life. Throughout legal clinics students not only get the opportunity to be part of an important experience, but also they can be effective and help the people in need with their work. This paper aims to bring attention to the importance of clinical education in the formation of young lawyers and how one can learn from experience. There will be discussed important issues about legal clinic, the objectives and its mission, how to apply it and the benefits legal clinic brings not only for the academic area but also for the society.
EN
State social policy should take into account the subsidiary nature of assistance from public authorities in relation to the activity of the interested parties in their efforts to find and pursue work. Social assistance supports individuals and families in their efforts to meet the necessary needs and enables them to live in conditions which conform to human dignity. This aim is achieved by preventing insurmountable, difficult life situations when an individual in a crisis situation ceases to be self-sufficient. A classified form of this difficult situation is the case of individuals (families) who are on the verge of social exclusion. For it is the category of “social safety” that accommodates those allowances that are directed at individuals (families) being in a particularly difficult situation, and their function is to prevent the deprivation of needs. The group of social safety benefits singled out in this study constitutes a sub-category of social assistance benefits. Providing social safety is implemented with the use of a directory of services of different specifics, roles and functions.
EN
The bill is an important step toward combining professional activity with family responsibilities. The opinion confirms that the bill considerably improves the organization of the work process and introduces significant changes in the sphere of rights related to parenthood, including leave pooling in order to provide care. Despite this positive assessment, the author points out that the bill does not constitute culmination of a long evolution of the provisions of Section VIII of the Labour Code and that the actions of the legislature should be more intensive.
EN
The present study aims to explore perceptions of young learners and EFL teachers towards benefits and barriers of digital literacy. Eight young learners and five EFL teachers took part in this qualitative study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were employed to collect qualitative data. The results depict that there are benefits and barriers of digital literacy for young learners in learning English. The benefits of digital literacy include improving young learners’ writing, reading, listening, and speaking skills, getting used to authentic materials, increasing frequency of digital technology use, enhancing online collaboration between teacher-learners and learners-learners. However, this study reports that digital literacy also has some negative impact for young learners. Problems with weak signals which affect difficult internet access still remain a problem. Contents of online digital materials are not easy for young learners to interpret and convert into simple, self-regulated information. Moreover, digital literacy tools are considered to be expensive. These barriers might be influenced by other problems such as complexity of digital literacy tools, different comprehension levels among young learners, young learners and EFL teachers’ lack of digital literacy experiences. In conclusion, the results give valuable insights in how to go about integration of digital literacy tools for young learners.
EN
The world of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding in Europe is a dynamic and transformative space that has been significantly impacted by the rapid growth of digital technologies. This innovative approach has become a game-changer for entrepreneurs, startups, and creative individuals as it harnesses the collective intelligence and financial support of people from all walks of life. Various platforms and mechanisms are driving crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding initiatives in Europe, leading to success stories, emerging trends, and potential benefits for backers and project creators alike. This article aims to analyze some of the various emerging trends in crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding across Europe while highlighting their potential benefits for those seeking funding or collaboration opportunities. It further examines both crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding advantages and disadvantages, as well as challenges related to legal and regulatory frameworks, while offering valuable insights into navigating this realm effectively. Ultimately, this article aims to unlock the full potential of collaboration between people from diverse backgrounds by exploring ways to leverage crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding effectively.
EN
The question of the dominant forms of benefits in the Polish social assistance, is the central question about the nature of social assistance. Trying to answer this question, operationalization of the concepts of social care and social assistance was made in order to distinguish the legally binding forms of care and assistance benefits. Then, using quantitative data on the benefits granted under social assistance (2010), the findings on the condition of social assistance were formulated, with the main conclusion defining social assistance as a „paper social assistance”.
PL
Pytanie o dominujące formy świadczeń w polskiej pomocy społecznej jest pytaniem o fundamentalnym znaczeniu z punktu widzenia celów i racji bytu tego obszaru polityki społecznej. Próbując odpowiedzieć na tę kwestię, w pierwszej kolejności dokonano operacjonalizacji pojęć opieki oraz pomocy społecznej, by za ich pomocą wyróżnić obowiązujące prawnie formy świadczeń o charakterze opiekuńczym oraz pomocowym. Następnie posługując się ilościowymi danymi na temat zrealizowanych świadczeń w pomocy społecznej (w 2010 r.), sformułowano wnioski na temat kondycji pomocy społecznej, wśród których wyróżnia się ogólna konstatacja, iż obecnie mamy do czynienia z „papierową” pomocą społeczną.
EN
The paper offers a comprehensive analysis of direct investments made by Polish companies abroad. Such investments have intensified in recent years, especially since Poland joined the European Union on May 1, 2004. Foreign expansion is an important part of the development strategies of many Polish companies today. The empirical research described in the paper identifies the factors that determine direct investment by Polish companies abroad, with a special focus on barriers to such projects. The studies in question were carried out at the Foreign Trade Research Institute (IKiCHZ) in 2006 and involved two groups of businesses: those that have already invested abroad in recent years, and those that may carry out such projects in the future. The latter group comprises potential investors who stand out in the corporate sector because of their market position, financial condition and the fact that exports account for a large part of their sales. The analysis involved the following aspects of direct investment abroad: an evaluation of the financial condition of investors and their prospects for the coming years; the possible determinants and barriers to investment on foreign markets; investment plans; the financial, organizational and legal conditions involved; feasibility studies; and the expected benefits and forms of public assistance to Polish companies investing abroad. The empirical studies discussed by the authors reveal that Polish entrepreneurs are interested in direct investment abroad and see it as an opportunity for the further development of their companies. The research shows that Polish investors on foreign markets primarily include large companies that export their products and are doing well financially. Poland’s EU accession has had a positive influence on Polish companies’ direct investment abroad. Still, the authors conclude that direct investment by Polish companies on foreign markets is still in its infancy. This is confirmed by the scope and forms of these projects as well as by the considerable caution displayed by the analyzed businesses in undertaking such operations.
EN
The paper presents a historical perspective of selected concepts of utilitarian value in the economic sciences. Contemporary approaches to utilitarian value represented in marketing and commodities science are also discussed. Using the example of various types of mineral water, an attempt is made to illustrate that the consumer benefits are the main determinant of their utility. To this end, the results of empirical research designed by the author on a national scale are used.
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