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EN
In 2009–2010, in five points in Lublin, located in areas of different land use and built-up, measurements of air temperature and humidity were taken. Based on the data collected, the following elements were calculated: the difference in average monthly air temperature between the coldest point and the others, equivalent temperature (Tek) and Tek thermal sensations. Differencesin average monthly air temperature in relation to the outskirts of Lublin were the highest at the point Dominikanie, in the built-up area of the old town. Most frequently “sultry” sensation was reported for the estate houses, at the point Ofelii. Different biothermal conditions were observed in the center of the city – Litewski square. It is characterized by a high proportion of vegetation. Green areas influenced the reduction of the biothermal stress compared to other points. The highest frequency of thermal sensation “cold”, “cool” and “slightly cool” were recorded there. Measurements points located in two housing estates with high buildings close to each other were characterized by similar biothermal conditions. In these areas, comparing to other discussed areas of the city, at 12 UTC relatively often there were noticed the best biothermal conditions – “comfortable” according to equivalent temperature index.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
EN
The paper covers a study of biothermal conditions in the Polish Tatras using daily values of the Subjective Temperature Index (STI) from three weather stations: Zakopane (foot of the mountains), Hala Gąsienicowa (tree line) and Kasprowy Wierch (summits), recorded during the period 2001–2010. The paper discusses the frequency of various thermal sensations in individual months and seasons. Biothermal conditions were demonstrated to follow an expected vertical pattern of change resembling that of the fall in air temperature. The higher the altitude the fewer STI classes remained, from six at Zakopane to four at Kasprowy Wierch, the more frequent were the sensations of cold (“cold”, “cool”) and the less frequent those linked to warmth (“hot”, “very hot”). At Zakopane and Hala Gąsienicowa the dominant thermal sensation during the year was “cool ” ( 44 and 45 %, respectively ), while “cold ” dominated at Kasprowy Wierch ( 48 % ). Zakopane had the best biothermal conditions of the three stations with “cool ”, “comfortable ” and “warm ” sensations, regarded as suitable for outdoor activities (sports and recreation) recorded throughout nearly all the year. At the opposite end of the scale were the conditions at Kasprowy Wierch, which had the highest number of days with the “cold” sensation, up to 70% on average in winter. These conditions require special clothing with a high thermal insulation factor and hand and face protection against potential frostbite.
EN
The study analyses spatial and temporal variability of the UTCI index during winter seasons in Poland in the 21st century. The most frequent UTCI thermal stress category was moderate cold stress with a frequency varying from 45.8% in Łeba (Coastal region) to 66.1% in Zielona Góra (Central region). In mountain areas, this class was less frequent (7.3-12.3%). The second most frequent class was strong cold stress with values from 11.1% in Zakopane (Carpathian region) to 43.4% in Suwałki (North-East region). In mountain areas, very strong cold stress and extreme cold stress occurred frequently (25.0-35.5% and 17.7-52.0%, respectively). Few cases of extreme cold stress were observed on other Polish stations. Thermoneutral zone was not recorded in the mountain area, although on other Polish stations its frequency ranged from 0.1% in Chojnice, Suwałki and Białystok located in northern part of Poland to 4.3% in Zakopane (Carpathian region).
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