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EN
The family is the first and basic educational environment, there the basic standards and moral principles are passed, and also defined attitudes and habits to people and things are shaped, finally, here is the beginning of human interests. Family environment also plays an important role in shaping the relationship of a young man to a book.This article presents the value of a family in the development and strengthening of reading activity of children and the youth. Family plays here an important role, since from the earliest years of a child's life, it has a chance to create positive experiences resulting from a contact with the book. Such situations can arise in a family in which parents find reading enjoyable and pass it on spontaneously to their children.
EN
Personality development of man involves permanent education and development of all spheres of development units in all its development stages. A particular importance of early childhood and preschool should be noted. It seems that the child's contact with the book determines especially the development of the intellectual sphere. In fact, however, it is different because the book not only develops, the intellect of a child, but such areas as:development: emotions and feelings, the sphere of social, aesthetic, moral, religious and spiritual. As a result, all the spheres determine the overall personal development of a child, making it easier to reach an adult psychological maturity. Children's literature, as well as bibliotherapy are a key factor in the personal development of both healthy children and children with disabilities
EN
The article presents the activities of the book publishers in Łódź in the years 1945–1956. After the liberation from the German occupation, the city became the seat of nationwide publishers: Czytelnik, Książka, Wiedza. Private publishing houses were established by the pre-war publishers, booksellers and printers, e.g. Kazimierz Pawlak, Stanisław Jamiołkowski, Zbigniew Kozierkiewicz, Władysław Krauze. They published classics of the Polish and world literature, scientific and popular science publications and handbooks. There were also publishing cooperatives among which the SW „Polonista” – the publisher of literary studies dissertations – and Łódzki Instytut Wydawniczy that specialized in children and young adult literature, played the leading role. The publications were prepared by the numerous city institutions, e.g.: Łódź Scientific Association, the State Book Institute, the Library of the University of Łódź, the City Art Gallery in Łódź, Textile Research Institute, Military Research- Publishing Institute. Jewish publishers issued works recording Jewish martyrology, bellelettres and writings devoted to Palestine. From 1949 to 1950 publishers who were not socialized were eliminated from the market. Private publishers from Łódź also liquidated their companies, cooperatives were closed down or connected with the central superior structures. From 1950 to 1956 there were two professional scientific presses: Łódź Scientific Association and the Łódź Branch of the Polish Scientific Publishers. For numerous institutions book publishing was an addition to their basic activities. They published specialist literature, needed by experts working in different industry branches (cotton, rubber, leather, etc.) as well as prints for social workers. Łódź repertoire was completed by books prepared by cultural institutions, National Front propaganda publishers and Diocesan Curia’s presses
EN
Reading, which is the practice of transferring knowledge through printed word, has never been very popular in Poland. At the root of this situation there laid state as well as peasant and proletarian character of the basic social classes in the past. Further retreat from the books was caused by the development of new media an consumption. Regardless of this, literature had developed the basic canons of values that for centuries have been and still are the basic of general education and culture. The book remains the primary medium of dealing with the past in historical education. The main motives for reading are: scientific (cognitive) and utilitarian (practical) reasons. The first of these relate to the world of scholars, the second shall be extended to all social circles. These include educational, technological, political, cultural, compensational, personal, artistic, ludic and many other motives. A large part of the modern readers use new carriers of the culture of language. They use the digital record. This helps to extend the reach of content and ideas created on the basis of literature. This causes that the alarming diagnosis and visions of readership should be judged with greater serenity and distance.
PL
W książce autor wprowadza i omawia zagadnienia socjoglobalistyki kręgów społecznych z uwzględnieniem badań kręgów ludzi morza i przymorza.
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Blurb

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EN
This definition of “blurb” presents the origin of the term, a sketch of its history, and some of its contemporary uses.
PL
Hasło „blurb” prezentuje genezę terminu, zarys jego dziejów oraz współczesne zastosowania.
EN
The publication includes several so-far unknown letters sent by Władysław Tarnawski from prison to his family. It is valuable inasmuch as little has remained from the epistolary legacy of the Przemyśl-born Polish expert in Shakespeare. Due to censorship, Tarnawski describes mainly his living conditions, inquires about family matters and asks to be sent books and stationery. Despite health problems and bad working conditions, while in prison, he continued translating English literature into Polish and he wanted to have as intense contact with knowledge as possible through books.
EN
This material reviews early childhood education in a theoretical context. Among other things pointed and analyzed are issues and terminology referring to the representatives of this trend. The discussions does not omit the assumptions and educational interactions. The article refers to the current set of papers on teaching and education in grades I-III. Presented publications do not only have theoretical premises, but they also indicate that innovative solutions.
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EN
This article aims to identify the evolution of Shakespeare's reception in Romania – not as a powerful icon of world drama, i.e., not from the viewpoint of performance criticism, but as the subject of reference books written in Romania in the Communist and the post-Communist age, respectively. The history of Shakespeare monographs and collective volumes produced in the interval examined here has three distinct phases: (1) the first, spanning from 1945 to 1965, reveals the strong influence of Russian Bolshevik ideology; (2) in the second phase, overlapping Nicolae Ceauşescu's national-Communist dictatorship, Shakespearean criticism, paradoxically, appears to be freed from the impositions of Communist ideology; (3) the postCommunist decades witness the emergence of at least two generations of Shakespeare scholars who write mostly in English, either for a foreign readership (participating in the newly developed cultural exchanges of the 'global village') or for Romanian readers that are speakers of English – hence, a gap appears between the works of local Shakespeare scholars and the national culture.
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