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EN
Bullfight injuries are a relatively uncommon type of surgical emergency. However, in countries with a strong bullfighting tradition, the treatment of these injuries has in recent decades almost become a separate trauma specialization. This article presents a short history of bullfighting and describes the social background of bullfights and local festivals, including bull running. It briefly discusses the surgical approach to injuries inflicted by bulls both at the site of injury and upon arrival in hospital
PL
Urazy zadawane torreadorom podczas walk byków cechują się własną specyfiką. W krajach, w których tego rodzaju widowiska stanowią stały element krajobrazu kulturowego, leczenie urazów zadawanych przez byki podczas korridy oraz amatorskich gonitw z bykami jest stałym elementem nauki lekarzy i chirurgów. W poniższym artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat charakterystyki urazów zadawanych przez byki oraz specyfiki ich diagnozowania i leczenia zarówno w miejscu zdarzenia (bezpośrednio na arenie), jak i w szpitalu.
EN
Bullfighting is increasingly seen as a contested practice in Portugal. The Portuguese public generally disapproves of the practice and the Portuguese animal rights movement has dedicated a significant number of their campaigns to protesting against it. Despite this opposition to the practice, however, there is still legal protection of the practice on grounds of preserving it as a national tradition. This contestation and legality has led bullfighting supporters to actively try to defend and rationalize the practice. This paper analyses this defence and rationalization by exploring a case study of the quasi-lobbyist Portuguese organization, Prótoiro. The aforementioned case study is analyzed through the use of critical discourse analysis and neutralization theory. The conclusion reached in this article is that the analysis of speech reveals that Prótoiro and its supporters try to morally disengage with the harm done to the bull by using justifications that bullfighting is an ethical activity.
EN
The text compares Roman ludi (mainly venationes), with Spanish tauromachy. Although there is no continuoustradition there are some universal similarities in their elements. We illustrate this by means of three comparisons:between the symbolical space of bullrings and amphiteatres, between the glory of gladiators and torerosas well as its influence on the world art, and finally between the ancient and contemporary controversies thatled to a change or decline in both traditions.
PL
The text compares Roman ludi (mainly venationes), with Spanish tauromachy. Although there is no continuoustradition there are some universal similarities in their elements. We illustrate this by means of three comparisons:between the symbolical space of bullrings and amphiteatres, between the glory of gladiators and torerosas well as its influence on the world art, and finally between the ancient and contemporary controversies thatled to a change or decline in both traditions.
EN
The object of attention in this article is bullfi ghting — the show that in the minds of tourists is associated with Spain. Serbian writers such as Jovan Dučić, Rastko Petrović, Ivo Andrić, Miloš Crnjanski, Miodrag Kujundžić, Tanasije Mladenović, Miodrag Popović, Gordana Kuić, Gordana Ćirjanić and Radovan Vučković in their works include this important element of Spanish culture which evokes extreme emotions both in Spain and outside its borders.
EN
This paper studies, from a cognitive perspective, the translation into Czech of 225 Spanish Phraseological Units (PhU) with their origins in the Spanish bullfighting culture. In particular, the relations between these PhU (based on specific Spanish symbols or frames) and the decisions taken by the translator for the goal text (identical idioms, equivalent idioms, calques, paraphrasing…) are systematically analysed.
ES
El presente artículo estudia, desde una perspectiva cognitiva, la traducción al checo de 225 unidades fraseológicas (UF) españolas con origen en la tauromaquia. Concretamente, se analiza de forma sistemática la relación entre estas UF con origen en símbolos (o basadas en frames) específicamente españoles con las decisiones tomadas por los traductores para los textos meta: UF idéntica, UF equivalente, calco fraseológico, paráfrasis, etc.
EN
The traditional corrida de toros, belonging to the broad category of tauromachic shows, is most often associated with the domain of men. In fact, statistics confirm that the majority of people employed in the bullfighting are men. Women constitute only a few percent. From the beginning of the existence of corrida de toros, women aspired to become a matador. The Matador has the right or even obligation to kill a bull during the show. This task is seen as dangerous and very difficult. The history of bullfighting shows that there always have been women who tried to oppose existing stereotypes. Usually they were units. Women did not learn this profession en masse. Nowadays, social moods are on their side in most cases, but they are still very few compared to men. Part of society still believes that a woman should not take someone’s life, because she was created to give it.
PL
Tradycyjna corrida de toros, należąca do szerokiej kategorii widowisk tauromachicznych, kojarzy się najczęściej z domeną mężczyzn. W istocie dane statystyczne potwierdzają, że większość zatrudnionych w branży osób to mężczyźni. Kobiety stanowią zaledwie kilka procent. Od samego początku istnienia corrida de toros kobiety aspirowały do zawodu matadora. Matador ma prawo, a wręcz obowiązek zabić byka podczas widowiska. Zadanie to jest postrzegane jako niebezpieczne i bardzo trudne. Historia tauromachii pokazuje, że zawsze istniały kobiety, które próbowały przeciwstawiać się obowiązującym stereotypom. Zazwyczaj były to jednostki. Kobiety nie uczyły się tego zawodu masowo. Współcześnie nastroje społeczne są w większości przypadków im przychylne, jednak nadal w porównaniu z mężczyznami kobiet-matadorek jest bardzo mało. Część społeczeństwa uważa nadal, że kobieta nie powinna zabierać życia, bowiem stworzona jest do jego dawania.
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