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PL
The article analyses myths concerning menstruation in Izabela Filipiak’s and Olga Tokarczuk’s creative works. The writers refer to female physiology in order to abolish the taboo on the female body and its excretions and to create mythology free from the male universe. Menstruation is considered a taboo subject even at the beginning of the 21st century and this physiological aspect of feminity is connected with an attempt to respect the differences between the sexes. One can observe not so much an attempt to destroy the rules of patriarchal culture, but a need to recreate the Western imagination, which is able to renew social and symbolic order and create new female mythology, which enables women to identify with their own needs, feelings, physical, sexual and erotic experiences.
EN
The article concerns the issue of experiencing spatial music. While discussing movement and space in music, Bohdan Pociej draws attention to two types of the spatiality of a musical work: the “inner” and “outer” spatiality.The first one comes from the nature of the sound material and the interaction of elements, it stays in the sphere of impressions, metaphors. The second one involves the physical parameters and the actual performance of the piece. The author notes that the works of composers of the 20th century tend to break through from the internal space, transforming it into the external one. The issue of the body as a centre is present in the works of Edmund Husserl, Yi-Fu Tuan, Edward Hall, and others. The metaphor of movement – concerning language and music – has become the subject of cognitive science. In the context of spatial music, the metaphorical level is combined with the physical level. During the performance of a composition, the listener may be have various relations with sound sources but always locates them concerning the location of their own body, which they treat as the centre. The two basic types of outer spatiality – the perspective of the observer and the perspective of the participant – correspond to the types of understanding of the metaphor of movement in music (internal spatiality) proposed by Steve Larson and Mark Johnson.
EN
Thie article presents two works writen for young people, that is drawing out the subject of girls adolescence. The former is the picture book by Iwona Chmielewska Królestwo dziewczynki. Authoress tries to show within it how to cope with changes and emotions due to the passage from children’s world to kingdom of femininity. The latter is Pierwsze koty robaczywki by Karina Bonowicz, that shows in light and humorous way pitfalls of adolescent teenager. It appeared that only confrontation with carnality and pubescence can lead young girls to finding their own identity.Thie article presents two works writen for young people, that is drawing out the subject of girls adolescence. The former is the picture book by Iwona Chmielewska Królestwo dziewczynki. Authoress tries to show within it how to cope with changes and emotions due to the passage from children’s world to kingdom of femininity. The latter is Pierwsze koty robaczywki by Karina Bonowicz, that shows in light and humorous way pitfalls of adolescent teenager. It appeared that only confrontation with carnality and pubescence can lead young girls to finding their own identity.
EN
The article concerns the issue of experiencing spatial music. While discussing movement and space in music, Bohdan Pociej draws attention to two types of spatiality in a music work: the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ spatiality. The former derives from the nature of the sound material and the interaction of elements; it remains in the sphere of impressions and metaphors. The latter involves the physical parameters and actual performance of the piece. I demonstrate that the works of twentieth-century composers tend to break through from the internal space, transforming it into the external one. The issue of the body as a centre is present in the works of Edmund Husserl, Yi-Fu Tuan, Edward Hall, and others. The metaphor of movement in language and music has become the subject of research in cognitive science. In the context of spatial music, the metaphorical level coexists with the physical level. During the performance of a composition, listeners may enter into various relations with sound sources but always locate them with reference to their own bodies, which they treat as the centre. The two basic types of external spatiality – the perspective of the observer and the perspective of the participant – correspond to the two ways of understanding the metaphor of movement in music (internal spatiality) proposed by Steve Larson and Mark Johnson.
EN
This article is an attempt to investigate contemporary film theory highlighting the inseparable connection between cinema and the human body and seeing, in which sense this theory complements academic recognition about neomodernism. The author expands on the philosophical concept of experience, showing problems posed by its conceptualization, and also points to the connection of this term with the body and sensuality. In the next part, the main distinguishing features characterizing the dramaturgy of cinematic neomodernism are given. The author argues that the dramaturgy of this movement creates a different kind of cinema experience in general. The final part presents an analysis of two films which are examples of the theory of cinema as senses, as well as exemplifying the dramaturgy characteristic for neomodernism, and thus creating a specific type of experience in the viewer.
EN
The eighteenth‑century English writer Matthew Gregory Lewis wrote one of the most dramatic Gothic novels, The Monk; over 200 years later, a film of the same name appeared, based on the novel and directed by Dominik Moll. The film, a free adaptation of the book, presenting the story of the moral downfall of the monk Ambrosio, has inspired us to philosophical reflections on sexuality, carnality and physical desire. In the context of these issues we have attempted to analyse and interpret this cinematic work of art. The method we have adopted is based on a thorough discussion on the topics developed in the film and related issues. This method, while not pretending to scientific objectivity, enables us to outline an interesting field of research as well as to identify a number of theoretical problems and questions which remain open. The formula we have adopted is to quote lines from the film The Monk which permit the analysis of selected issues related to sexuality, carnality and physical desire. Moreover, these quotes serve to order the text and enable the precise identification of interpretive trains of thought.
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EN
The article is the analysis of women’s lager narrations that reflect the procedure of shaving hair applied to female lager prisoners. It shows cultural, social and psychological meanings of this procedure, presents it as the element of the wide scale lager violence strategy, degradation ritual, the form of female identity and intimacy violation. Through the presentation of various circumstances in which women were shaved in concentration camps the text presents the situation complexity of the lager experience – its phases and the context. The article relates the variety of sources and includes the experiences of women of different nationalities, for example: German, Polish, Jewish.
EN
In Buddhist teachings, a human body is often regarded as an obstacle in religious practice, due to the fact that bodily passions are a source of attachment to worldliness. Buddha taught that there is no separate, unchanging self and therefore the experience of a ‘no-self’ state is a necessary condition for attaining Enlightenment. No-attachment to the self was often understood as no-attachment to one’s body and as a readiness to sacrifice one’s life. Many Japanese Buddhists have propagated a negative image of the human body, as can be testified by Ōjōyōshū (The Essentials of Rebirth in Pure Land), a treatise written by a Tendai monk, Genshin (942-1017). Under the influence of Blood Bowl Sutra (Jpn. Ketsubonkyō; Chin. Xuepanjing), the female body was perceived as especially impure, as it is polluted by menstrual or childbirth blood. In this article the author tries to answer the question, why in Shingon, contrary to other Japanese Buddhists sects, is a human body not treated as an obstacle in religious practice. The key term ‘the mystery of the body’ (Jpn. Shinmitsu) was explained in the context of the theory of ‘attaining Enlightenment in this very existence’ (Jpn. Sokushin jōbutsu). Special attention was directed at the possibility of the transformation of bodily passions into a desire for Enlightenment during religious practice.
EN
The article is an attempt to interpret one of the most fascinating works of Juliusz Słowacki – “Horsztyński” drama. The basis of the interpretation is carnality. The main issue of the article is the designation of the role of carnality in the construction of subjectivity of the drama’s characters. The article is divided into four sections, whose titles are quotes from the drama. Each of them concerns some issues related to the category of carnality: connection of jesters’ appearance with their spiritual degeneration, presence and soothing touch, physical suffering, and the relation body-soulspirit. Considerations in the article aim to answer the question of the continuity of existence and the relation of awareness to the body.
PL
Kultura zachodu określana jest mianem kultury młodości, w której liczy się fizyczność bez skazy: bardzo szczupła sylwetka, młody wygląd, gładka skóra i cera, lśniące włosy. W społeczeństwach ponowoczesnych wygląd ciała znamionuje tożsamość społeczną oraz podkreśla osobowość jednostki. Jednak kobiety wraz z wiekiem tracą atrybuty fizyczne, które są tak cenione społecznie. Przedmiotem zainteresowania niniejszego artykułu jest sposób postrzegania zmieniającej się fizyczności kobiet w wieku 65 lat i więcej oraz odpowiedź na pytania: czy zdaniem respondentek kobiety starsze mogą być atrakcyjne? Czy same czują się kobietami atrakcyjnymi? Ile uwagi poświęcają pielęgnacji ciała? Na podstawie wypowiedzi respondentek został skonstruowany obraz kobiety atrakcyjnej a także zrekonstruowano sposób postrzegania własnego ciała przez starsze kobiety. Badanie zostało zrealizowane w 2007 r., w oparciu o wywiady swobodne ukierunkowane z 24 kobietami w wieku 65 lat i więcej.
EN
The West culture is defined as a culture of youth where physicality without flawless: very slim figure, young appearance, smooth skin and complexion, glittering hair are really matters. In postmodern societies the appearance of body distinguishes social identity and underlines the individual personality. However women, together with age, lose physical attributes which are socially so esteemed. The goal of the article is to show the way of perceiving changing women’s physicality in age 65+ in women opinions and also answer the question: Can old women be attractive? Do they feel attractive? How important for them is cherish their bodies? Attractive women’s image was constructed on old woman’s statement. It reconstructs also the own body perception by old women. Research was realized in 2007. Present results are based on 24 interviews with women 65 years old and over
PL
W centrum rozważań w niniejszym artykule znajduje się powieść Siomga i zawarte w niej proby rekonstrukcji kobiecej tożsamości na gruncie postkolonialno-posttotalitarnej rzeczywistości ukraińskiej. Autorka odwołuje się do koncepcji somatekstu, feminizmu korporalnego oraz ukraińskiej wersji herstory.
EN
The Author analyses Sophia Andrukhovych’s novel ‘Siomga’ (2007) – the story of the leading character, Sofi ja (the author gave the protagonist her own name) is based in large part on body memory. A young woman, whose fi rst experiences with her own carnality and sexuality occur during the years of the political turn, recounts the events of childhood and adolescence, and her world is ruled by emotions and feelings. In her memories, Andrukhovych’s protagonist evokes the images of sexual violence against women and children and the story itself ends with the dismemberment of her body by a man who craved her viscera. Through the act of depraving of the body the author expressed the inability to reconstruct one’s own identity in the Ukrainian postmodern, post-colonial and post-totalitarian reality. The novel can be analysed not only from the perspective of post-colonial and post-totalitarian studies but also within the framework of corporeal feminism.
EN
The article focuses on the transgressive aspect of selected images of carnal love in the novel Голубое сало (Blue Lard) by Vladimir Sorokin. It is claimed that the contro-versial, hyper-naturalistic representations of sexuality can be perceived as materializa-tion of discourses (carnalization, as Mark Lipovetsky suggests). The main structures of power examined in the novel are totalitarian regime and literary tradition. By using the trope of defamiliarization and lowering the pathos of the two great discourses of Russian culture, Sorokin allows the reader to distance himself from their influence and thus extend the autonomy of thinking.
EN
„If these letters are to be found by someone after my death, I will be brought into disrepute (…)” – wrote Witkacy to Jadwiga and he reminded his wife of destroying all the letters she receives from him. The question what and why could put the artist in disgrace seems fundamental and not so simple as one could assume. In order to find answer to this question I analyze letters in reference to Witkacy’s theory of Pure Form. According to Marshall Berman, the elements of antimodernity in modernism, i.e. an art which strived for originality and innovation, were of utmost importance because due to them the artist keeps his identity. Witkacy, an artist from the provinces, who wished to become an artist fitting modern West European art, and who tailored his theory of Pure Form to that, did not express his anti-modernist resistance directly. His resistance is visible in creating low, carnal, trivial and autobiographic forms – brought into disrepute from the point of view of modernist art and Witkacy’s own theory. Thus in his letters to his wife, Witkacy found a peculiar area of freedom – freedom of self-discreditation. Although he constantly blamed Jadwiga for lack of interest in philosophy, he was glad to communicate with her via the low art and low carnality.
EN
The West culture is defined as a culture of youth where physicality without flawless: very slim figure, young appearance, smooth skin and complexion, glittering hair are really matters. In postmodern societies the appearance of body distinguishes social identity and underlines the individual personality. However women, together with age, lose physical attributes which are socially so esteemed. The goal of the article is to show the way of perceiving changing women’s physicality in age 65+ in women opinions and also answer the question: Can old women be attractive? Do they feel attractive? How important for them is cherish their bodies? Attractive women’s image was constructed on old woman’s statement. It reconstructs also the own body perception by old women. Research was realized in 2007. Present results are based on 24 interviews with women 65 years old and over
PL
Kultura zachodu określana jest mianem kultury młodości, w której liczy się fizyczność bez skazy: bardzo szczupła sylwetka, młody wygląd, gładka skóra i cera, lśniące włosy. W społeczeństwach ponowoczesnych wygląd ciała znamionuje tożsamość społeczną oraz podkreśla osobowość jednostki. Jednak kobiety wraz z wiekiem tracą atrybuty fizyczne, które są tak cenione społecznie. Przedmiotem zainteresowania niniejszego artykułu jest sposób postrzegania zmieniającej się fizyczności kobiet w wieku 65 lat i więcej oraz odpowiedź na pytania: czy zdaniem respondentek kobiety starsze mogą być atrakcyjne? Czy same czują się kobietami atrakcyjnymi? Ile uwagi poświęcają pielęgnacji ciała? Na podstawie wypowiedzi respondentek został skonstruowany obraz kobiety atrakcyjnej a także zrekonstruowano sposób postrzegania własnego ciała przez starsze kobiety. Badanie zostało zrealizowane w 2007 r., w oparciu o wywiady swobodne ukierunkowane z 24 kobietami w wieku 65 lat i więcej.
EN
Marriage and family seen as a “community of life and love” encourage, from the perspective of today developing theology of communion, to multiple reflection, research and studies. This study treats of only few issues among many which require thorough reflection and analyzes. Issues related with theology of marriage communion and family are in particular referred to the mystery of the Trinity and the Church. The theme: “loneliness of man” in the context of such an event like marriage and family is one of the discussed issues. The whole study is closed by three specific issues which are a kind of tension posed by the contemporary world and with whom mankind must inevitably confront in the practice of human life. A man is created and made able to form relationships in the communion. These issues are: education in the field of emotions, human carnality and “narcissism of partners.”
PL
Małżeństwo i rodzina widziane jako „wspólnota życia i miłości” zachęcają w świetle współcześnie rozwijanej teologii komunii do wielu refleksji, badań i opracowań. Niniejsze studium podejmuje niektóre zagadnienia spośród wielu, które domagają się wnikliwych przemyśleń i analiz. Przybliżone zatem zostaną kwestie umiejscowienia teologii komunii małżeństwa i rodziny w odniesieniach szczególnie do tajemnicy Trójcy Świętej i Kościoła. Podjęty zostaje także temat „samotności człowieka” w kontekście wydarzenia, jakim jest małżeństwo i rodzina. Całość przedstawionego opracowania zamykają trzy szczegółowe zagadnienia, będące swoistego rodzaju napięciem niesionym przez współczesność, a z którymi w nieunikniony sposób musi zderzyć się praktyka życia człowieka powołanego i uzdolnionego do tworzenia relacji komunijnych. Te zagadnienia to: wychowanie w dziedzinie emocji, cielesność człowieka i „narcyzm partnerów”.
EN
The conception of aesthetic education and its consequences by Richard Shusterman were presented in this article. On the basis of this neopragmatist’s philosophy, it was considered as a need for changes within the sphere of this education and education in general. Education ought to be based on somaesthetics and changes should provide aesthetical experience and aesthetical perception. Thanks to this, a human may derive a pleasure from art, what in consequence may lead to the approval of its practical character. Those changes may also include popular art and draw attention to the problem of legitimacy of the art in the curriculum. Furthermore, it also should put under consideration the problem of carnality and bodymind dualism. Aesthetic education, having Shusterman’s conception, may affect human development and better understating of body. Moreover, it can affect self-creation and may lead to practicing the philosophy, sometimes even starting a lifestyle based on the aesthetical model of life.
PL
W artykule została przedstawiona koncepcja edukacji estetycznej R. Shustermana oraz jej konsekwencje dla edukacji estetycznej. Na podstawie filozofii tego neopragmatysty uznano potrzebę zmian zarówno w tej edukacji, jak w edukacji w ogóle. Edukacja ma być oparta na założeniach somaestetyki, a zmiany mają uwzględnić doświadczenie estetyczne i percepcję estetyczną, dzięki czemu człowiek może czerpać przyjemność ze sztuki, a w konsekwencji uznać praktyczny charakter sztuki. Zmiany mają także uwzględnić sztukę popularną i zwrócić uwagę na problem uprawomocnienia tej sztuki w programie nauczania, oraz problem cielesności i dualizmu ciała-umysłu (bodymind). Edukacja estetyczna uwzględniająca koncepcję estetyki R. Shustermana wpłynie na rozwój człowieka, zrozumienie ciała i lepsze kierowanie nim, samokreację oraz może zachęcić do praktykowania filozofii, a nawet prowadzić do sztuki życia opartej na estetycznym modelu życia.
RU
The article relates to the issue of the suffering body in Juliusz Słowacki’s drama 'Sen srebrny Salomei'. The first and the second part of the article are dedicated to the description of the main drama characters who are media of supernatural reality, and the analysis of the co‑existing worlds of human beings and spirits. The third part includes the interpretation of the ‘poetics of macabre’ and ‘theater of pain’, the phenomenon of vivisection and the ontology of ‘human remains’. The author reads Słowacki’s drama through the prism of Michel Henry’s philosophy of existence.  
EN
The article relates to the issue of the suffering body in Juliusz Słowacki’s drama 'Sen srebrny Salomei'. The first and the second part of the article are dedicated to the description of the main drama characters who are media of supernatural reality, and the analysis of the co‑existing worlds of human beings and spirits. The third part includes the interpretation of the ‘poetics of macabre’ and ‘theater of pain’, the phenomenon of vivisection and the ontology of ‘human remains’. The author reads Słowacki’s drama through the prism of Michel Henry’s philosophy of existence.
EN
The article presented below tries to analize at Hymns Joseph Wittlin’s anthems through categories of corporeality and fragmentariness. Reading of Wittlins’ chosen works makes us able to notice the necessarity of moving beyond the classical framework of the religious anthem. The article describes the problem of the separate identity of the person, who experiences the trauma of war. The Wittlins analysed prose reveals the uncovered places on the literary map, which points to the category of paradox and repetition. Hymns function on the line of the sacred and the profane.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę spojrzenia na Hymny Józefa Wittlina przez kategorie cielesności i fragmentaryczności. Lektura wybranych utworów Wittlina pozwala zauważyć konieczność wyjścia poza ramy klasycznego hymnu religijnego, pokasprowiczowskiego. W artykule opisano problem osobnej tożsamości podmiotu, uwikłanego w wojenną traumę. Poezja Józefa Wittlina odkrywa miejsca nieokreślone na mapie literackiej, wskazuje na kategorię paradoksu i powtórzenia. Hymny to utwory funkcjonujące na granicy sacrum i profanum, polemiczne.
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