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EN
In Polish psychology there has been no systematic research so far on the experience of contact with courts and on the evaluation of this experience using the theory of procedural justice. Polish psychologists do not have Polish instruments measuring procedural justice at their disposal. The Procedural Justice Scale is a measure operationalizing the dimensions of procedural justice according to Tyler’s model: respect, neutrality, voice, understanding, and influence. The aim of the present article is to present the work on the revised version of the Procedural Justice Scale, measuring procedural justice operationalized exclusively in psychological terms, and to present the psychometric properties of this scale. In particular, the author tested the reliability of the instrument and verified its validity based on confirmatory factor analysis, scale intercorrelations, and intergroup differences. The results confirmed the five-factor structure of procedural justice. They also confirmed the criterion validity of the measure, reflected in correlations with validation instruments.
EN
In this paper a description of the model of Polish preparatory proceedings in civil cases will be presented. By looking at foreign examples of preparatory activities in civil cases first, we will be able to discern what potential advantages and disadvantages are associated with the written or oral (spoken) form of preparatory activities of court actors in the first stage of civil proceedings. In the second main part of the paper the author will turn to Polish counterparts of these preparatory activities and their form. The author will also deliberate on where a change is needed. She will also attempt to propose some measures that might be useful in the current condition of Polish civil proceedings.
EN
The basis and reason for mediation is the emergence of conflicts that people are unable to resolve on their own. Conflict has many definitions and its resolution can be achieved in many ways. This article considers disputes that lead to violations of civil, economic law. These conflicts often result in litigation to resolve the dispute, in which procedural law, including separate proceedings in business cases, is applied. The concepts of conflict, dispute and mediation are characterized.
PL
Podstawą i powodem mediacji jest pojawienie się konfliktów, których ludzie nie są w stanie samodzielnie rozwiązać. Konflikt ma wiele definicji, a jego rozwiązanie można osiągnąć na wiele sposobów. W artykule omówiono spory, które prowadzą do naruszenia prawa cywilnego, gospodarczego. Konflikty te często skutkują wszczęciem postępowania sądowego mającego na celu rozstrzygnięcie sporu, w którym stosowane jest prawo procesowe, w tym odrębne postępowanie w sprawach gospodarczych. Scharakteryzowano pojęcia konfliktu, sporu i mediacji.
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