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EN
The paper attempts to analyse the ethical duties of engineers contained in selected engineering codes of ethics and indicates a few problems arising in teaching professional engineering ethics in technical studies. The codes of ethics under analysis, both Polish and foreign (American), show similarities and differences. The author indicates the likely causes of these similarities and differences and suggests the need for further research on the development of ethical standards as well as their implementation, application and enforcement. The author discusses teaching ethics based on his own experience and compares a few American textbooks used for engineering ethics teaching. The author indicates a lack of necessary teaching materials in Polish and the existence of no Polish forum for discussing ethical problems of engineering in Poland both in the areas of teaching and research.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the chosen ethical aspects of psychotherapy. In the present moment in Poland there are no statutory regulations regarding the profession of psychotherapists, and the rules present in psychotherapy result from other regulations and ethical codes of certain psychotherapy associations. Despite several differences resulting from the assumptions of given psychotherapy schools, among psychotherapists there is a consensus regarding basic ethical rules in psychotherapy. They consider a care of clients’ wellbeing, respect of their subjectivity and autonomy, an obligation of an ongoing professional development of psychotherapists and keeping of professional secrecy. The article is devoted to the above issues, it should be noted, however, that it does not fully elaborate on a given topic, it merely signals some of its aspects basing on the current regulations which refer to psychologists practice and chosen essays.
PL
Uzasadnione jest stawiane przez Katarzynę Sikorę pytanie o koncepcję dobra, jaka leży u podstaw kodeksów etyczno-zawodowych psychologa. Prowadzi ono do rozważań o naturze dobra, które jednakże przy tworzeniu i posługiwaniu się kodeksami nie zajmują szczególnie ich autorów. Mają oni bowiem na uwadze raczej praktyczne regulacje rozmaitych rodzajów postępowania zawodowego, jakie z doświadczenia okazują się niezbędne dla utrzymania członków profesji w ramach obowiązującego etosu zawodu i standardów jego wiedzy i umiejętności. Dobro, jakim odbiorca usług psychologicznych powinien się cieszyć, a psycholog na jego rzecz ma działać, wciąż pozostaje niedookreślone. Widać to przez porównanie do innych zawodów, bogatych w treść aksjologiczną, takich jak zawody medyczne czy prawnicze. Dobro w postaci zdrowia lub cieszenia się prawami w społeczeństwie, które stanowi o tej aksjologicznej treści w tamtych zawodach, jest nieuchwytne w przypadku zawodu psychologa. Z tych treści aksjologicznych wypływa i fundament zyskuje etyka zawodów medycznych czy też prawniczych. Psychologowie nie mają takiego fundamentu, a przynajmniej nie mają jasnego i wyraźnego jego wskazania. Proponuje się integralność osobową jako ten rodzaj dobra, o jakie dla odbiorców swych usług troszczyć się powinni psychologowie, wykonując swój zawód.
EN
Katarzyna Sikora's question about the nature of ethical good that underlies the codes of psychologists' professional ethics is justified. It leads to reflection on the nature of good, which, however, does not preoccupy the authors or users of ethics codes very much. What they focus on is mainly practical regulations concerning various kinds of professional conduct, which experience proves to be indispensable for keeping practitioners of the profession within the bounds of its ethos as well as within the standards of its knowledge and skills. The good that the recipient of psychological services should enjoy and the psychologist should strive to provide remains vague. This is visible in comparison with other professions rich in axiological content, such as medical or legal professions. Good in the form of health or enjoying one's rights in society, which determines the axiological content in those professions, is elusive in the case of the psychologist. This axiological content in turn determines and constitutes the basis for the ethics of medical and legal professions, respectively. Psychologists have no such basis, or, at any rate, such a basis has not been clearly and distinctly identified for them. Personal integrity is proposed as the kind of good that psychologists should seek to provide the recipients of their services with when practicing their profession.
PL
Kodeks Etyki Prawników Europejskich, przyjęty przez Radę Adwokatur i Stowarzyszeń Prawniczych Europy, zakłada związanie nim prawników prowadzących działalność transgraniczną. Przedmiotem artykułu jest zbadanie tego, czy Kodeks jest aktem wiążącym radców prawnych i adwokatów. Samorządy zawodowe tych prawników uznały Kodeks za akt wiążący ich członków, jednak analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że w polskim prawie nie ma do tego podstaw. Co więcej, Kodeks nie jest aktem wewnętrznym w rozumieniu art. 93 Konstytucji RP. Oznacza to, że radcowie prawni ani adwokaci nie mogą odpowiadać dyscyplinarnie za naruszenie Kodeksu. Aby zapewnić skuteczność przepisom tego aktu, powinny one zostać uwzględnione w kodeksach etyki zawodowej wskazanych samorządów.
EN
The Code of Conduct for European Lawyers, adopted by the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE), purports to be adopted as enforceable rules in relation to the cross-border activities of the lawyers. The object of this article is to examine whether the Code is a binding act for attorneys at law and attorneys. The professional self-governments have recognised the Code as a binding act for their members, but the analysis leads to the conclusion that there is no basis for this in Polish law. Furthermore, the Code is not an internal act within the meaning of Article 93 of the Polish Constitution. This means that neither attorneys at law nor attorneys can be held disciplinarily liable for breaches of the Code. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the provisions of the Code, they should be included in the professional codes of ethics of these professional self-governments.
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