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“Natural Selection” of Ideas. How Arguments in the Debate on the Origin of Life and the Universe Are Framed

100%
Górska A.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2017
|
vol. 6
85-91
EN
The aim of this paper is to present how the participants in a debate between a representative of new atheism (and evolutionism) and a representative of Christianity frame their arguments by the metaphor of struggle for survival. In order to do so a debate Has Science Buried God? has been analysed. It is shown that arguments are thought to compete for the status of “the truth” in the eyes of the general public, in a way that “better” ones push out “worse” ones, especially with a view to how scientific discoveries make explanations considered valid in the past no longer valid.
2

Analyzing jokes with the Intersecting Circles Model of humorous communication

75%
Yus F.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2013
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vol. 9
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issue 1
3-24
EN
Speakers of jokes are aware of the human cognitively rooted relevance-seeking inferential procedure (Sperber and Wilson 1995) and predict (i.e. metarepresent) the interlocutor’s steps leading to a valid interpretation of the utterance(s) in the joke. Specifically, speakers can predict (a) the accessibility to certain information which builds up a proper scenario for understanding the joke (make-sense frame), (b) the inferential steps taken to turn the words uttered into contextualized meaningful propositions (utterance interpretation), and (c) the awareness of cultural stereotypes regarding professions, nationalities, connoted places, sex roles, etc. (cultural frame). This inferred information (a-c) is exploited to generate humorous effects. In previous research (Yus forthcoming), the Intersecting Circles Model was proposed. It comprises seven types of jokes depending on whether the joke only relies on one of (a-c) or on combinations of them, which entails analyzing the extent to which (a-c) play or do not play a role in the generation of humorous effects. In this paper, 1000 jokes are analyzed and fitted into a type or combinations of (a-c). Several interesting humor-generating patterns are also isolated inside the seven preliminary joke types covered by the Model.
3
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Les actes menaçants implicites : le cas des insultes indirectes

45%
Ben Hamadi H. M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica
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2017
|
issue 12
235-245
EN
The aim of studying the indirect insult, based on the analysis of the tropes, is double. We shall, on one hand, try to show that verbal abuse emanates not only from the use of the forbidden expressions, but also relations between the words from which the sense can be diverted. On the other hand, opting for a corpus established by statements of spontaneous French and Tunisian dialect, we shall try to see if the argumentative strategies adopted by speakers of tongues and different cultures are the same. For that purpose, we are going to rely on the cognitive pragmatics.
FR
L’objectif de notre étude sur l’insulte indirecte, qui est fondée sur l’analyse des tropes, est double. Nous tenterons, d’une part, de montrer que la violence verbale n’émane pas seulement de l’usage des expressions interdites, parce que considérées comme grossières, mais également des relations entre les mots dont les sens peuvent être détournés. D’autre part, optant pour un corpus constitué d’énoncés du français spontané et du dialecte tunisien, nous essaierons de voir si les stratégies argumentatives adoptées par des locuteurs natifs de langues et cultures différentes sont les mêmes. À cet effet, nous allons nous appuyer sur l’approche de la pragmatique cognitive contextualisée.
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