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1
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Geneza kryzysu monetarnego w Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII w. w opinii szlachty województwa krakowskiego

100%
Niziołek P.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2015
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vol. 75
PL
The origin of the monetary crisis in Poland in the latter half of the seventeenth century in the opinions of the Polish nobility from the Kraków province (Summary)In the years 1648–1696 the nobles from the Kraków province, as well as from the Duchy of Oświęcim and the Duchy of Zator, attending the regional assemblies (the so-called sejmiks) of the nobility held in Proszowice and Zator pointed to a number of sources of distortion of the money market. The way in which the issue was viewed by the Commonwealth’s political class evolved in parallel with changes occurring in the money market. In the years 1648–1650 the nobles focused their attention on the domestic coin deficit, criticizing, in connection with the reform carried out in 1650, a half-hearted conduct of monetary policy. The problem of the foreigners, to whom mints were leased out and whom nobody supervised, dominated the debate in question shortly after the Swedish occupation of Kraków. However, it soon gave way to a number of issues concerning the emission of copper szelągs (shillings) – the so-called “boratynkas” (from 1659) and zlotys (gold coins) the so-called “tymfs” (from 1663). The Polish nobility considered the crisis of Poland’s monetary system to originate in the uncontrolled administration of mints by those who oversaw the emission of the two kinds of coins mentioned above, that is, by the Grand Treasurer of the Crown, parliamentary committees and senators. In the years 1661–1666, Polish nobles argued that domestic economy was also harmed by the circulation of foreign currency – Swedish shillings. With the mints shut down, their attention shifted to the harm done by the circulation of “boratynkas” and “tymfs” and by the prevalence of forgery. The Grand Treasurer of the Crown, Jan Kazimierz Krasiński, was the first to be blamed for issuing the coins and thus for provoking the crisis. The group of those held responsible for the crisis also included Tytus Liviusz Borattini, Andrzej and Tomasz Tymf, members of the Committee for Soldiers’ Wage Payments, as well as a number of senators and superintendents. Although these persons were members of the royal faction, the transcripts of parliamentary debates demonstrate that the king himself, quite notably, was not criticized with regard to the crisis in question.
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Stemple monet czeskich z X–XI wieku źródłem do historii Czech

100%
Suchodolski S.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2015
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issue 1(8)
34-56
EN
The paper first adumbrates the issue of coins as a source of information from which historian and other researchers can study the past. The Czech coinage of the tenth and eleventh century is shown as a very complex issue. The paper seeks to explore two of them. One is the origin of Emma Regina, whose coins were supposedly minted in Mielnik. Having presented and briefl y analysed medievalists’ hypotheses concerning the origin of Emma, the author concurred with the hypothesis of her French origin. Next, the article examines a coin referred to as denarius episcopi, i.e., minted by an unnamed bishop. Having emended the coins’ inscription, S. Suchodolski has resolved the problems the source hitherto posed in historiography.
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Vladislavský sál pražského hradu ve světle nových nálezů. Příspěvek k dějinám každodennosti pozdního středověku a raného novověku

86%
Blažková G., Frolík J., Matyášek J.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 2
27-50
EN
At the end of 2008 and beginning of 2009, resque archaeological excavation was conducted during the reconstruction of the floor in Vladislav Hall of Prague Castle. The research was limited in the major part of the Hall to the surface terrain with the exception of eight trenches in various parts of the Hall, but always at the external walls. It is substantial for the method of the research and its conclusions that all of the selected backfill was sifted and partially also floated. The items found characterize several areas of everyday life. The components of clothing are numerous (buttons, clasps, needles, leather bags and fragments of shoes, a ring, a pendant or part of an earring, pins and thimbles). The personal equipment includes a pocket sundial of wood. There were feasts on celebratory occasions in the hall, which is proved by tableware (a knife, wooden spoons, fragments of glass vessels). Another significant function of the Hall was also the operation of a marketplace. The testimony on business transactions are fragments of leather purses and scales (including a set of nested weights). The coin finds are also related at least partially with this activity. Most of the finds can be chronologically placed in the second half of the 16th century and earlier part of the 17th century. They clearly prove that the Hall fulfilled several functions at that time. It was always connected with social communication (public ceremonies, the sessions of the estates’ diet).
4
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Exploration of structures AS 66 and AS 69 in Abusir South: Preliminary report on the 2015 and 2016 seasons

86%
Vymazalová H.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2017
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issue 19
66-80
EN
The paper presents preliminary results of the exploration of another part of the Abusir South non-royal cemetery. Structures AS 66 and AS 69 were partly uncovered in the spring season of 2012 during the exploration of the tomb complex of Princess Sheretnebty, AS 68. During the fall season of 2015 and fall season of 2016, the structures were explored and documented, revealing a mastaba, AS 69, above the rock-cut tombs of Sheretnebty (AS 68c) and Nefer (AS 68d) and an enigmatic area, AS 66, above the rock-cut tombs of Duaptah (AS 68a) and Shepespuptah (AS 68b), which appears not to have been a tomb but perhaps an enclosed open area.
5
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Moneta - klucz do świątyni starożytności Uwagi na kanwie książki Roberta Turcana [rec. R. Turcan: L’archéologie dans l’antiquité: tourisme, lucre et découvertes. Paris 2014]

86%
Kluczek A. A.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2016
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vol. 10
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issue 15
121-139
PL
Artykuł recenzyjny monografii autorstwa Roberta Turcana pt. L’archéologie dans l’antiquité: tourisme, lucre et découvertes, wydanej w Paryżu w 2014 roku.
6
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Wokół problemów interpretowania przekazu źródeł numizmatycznych [rec. E. Manders: Coining Images of Power. Patterns in the Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, A.D. 193–284. Leiden–Boston 2012]

86%
Kluczek A. A.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2014
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vol. 7
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issue 12
129-136
PL
Artykuł recenzyjny monografii Erik Manders pt. "Coining Images of Power. Patterns in the Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, A.D. 193-284" (Leiden-Boston 2012).
7
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Investigations conducted in 2014 at the settlement in Kryspinów, site no. 3, com. Liszki

86%
Byrska-Fudali M., Fudali T.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2015
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vol. 7
61-76
EN
In the course of the excavations conducted in 2014 at site no. 3 in Kryspinów, com. Liszki, the north-eastern zone of the Przeworsk settlement was investigated. The settlement in question, and the northward located cemetery dated to the same period, was investigated by the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, in the years 1968–1998. The research presented here covered an area of ca. 16.5 ares, and resulted in the discovery of 186 archaeological features, mostly semi-dugouts and postholes. In the east, the settlement was adjacent to a bank running along the paleochannel of the Vistula river. Towards the north-east and north, the alignment of encountered features was not very dense, which may be due to fact that the investigations merely caught the fringes of the settlement. The trenches located in the southern part of the explored area were characterised by a great accumulation of features and artefacts. Almost three thousand fragments of pottery were obtained. They were mainly discovered within the fills of features, although some of them were also found within the cultural layer up to 40 cm thick. Among the metal artefacts, a Trajan denarius and five fibulae were especially noteworthy. The great majority of pottery represented forms typical of the Przeworsk culture. Based on the dating of ceramic vessels, this part of the settlement should be dated to the period from the A3 phase of the younger pre-Roman period until the C1a phase of the Roman Period. The archaeological material obtained from the cultural layer contained artefacts dated to other cultural units as well, such as those of the Neolithic, Bronze and Middle Ages.
PL
W trakcie badań w 2014 roku rozpoznano północno-wschodni obszar osady kultury przeworskiej na st. 3 w Kryspinowie, gm. Liszki. Osada ta, jak również leżące na północ cmentarzysko z tego samego okresu, była badana w latach 1968–1998 przez Instytut Archeologii UJ. Powierzchnia obecnych badań wyniosła około 16,5 ara. W trakcie badań wyeksplorowano 186 obiektów archeologicznych, głównie półziemianek i jam posłupowych. W stronę wschodnią osada opiera się o skarpę w stronę starorzecza Wisły. W stronę północno-wschodnią i północną obiekty występowały w dużym rozrzedzeniu, co może świadczyć o eksplorowaniu granic osady. Natomiast wykopy w części południowej charakteryzuje bardzo duże nagromadzenie obiektów i materiału zabytkowego. Pozyskano prawie 3 tysiące fragmentów ceramiki, pochodzących głównie z wypełnisk obiektów, a także z warstwy kulturowej, posiadającej miejscami miąższość do 40 cm. Wśród zabytków metalowych na uwagę zasługuje denar Trajana oraz 5 zapinek. Zdecydowana większość ceramiki jest charakterystyczna dla kultury przeworskiej. Na podstawie datowania ceramiki funkcjonowanie tej części osady należy datować na okres A3 młodszego okresu przedrzymskiego do fazy C1a okresu wpływów rzymskich. W materiale zabytkowym z warstwy kulturowej stwierdzono obecność zabytków także innych kultur, pochodzących z okresu neolitu, epoki brązu i średniowiecza.
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On the dating of the bronze issues of Tissaphernes

72%
Bodzek J.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2012
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vol. 16
105-118
EN
The author considers the problem of the dating of bronze coins issued in the name of the famous Persian grandee, Tissaphernes, satrap of Lydia and Caria and karanos between the years 413-407 and 400-395 BC. Three issues of such coins are known, which are different in iconography, form, legend and metrology. They are traditionally dated to c. 400-395 BC. However, in the author’s opinion, in the light of recent discoveries and assessment concerning the launching of bronze coin production in western Asia Minor, it is possible that the dating ought to be moved to the first period of Tissaphernes in the office of karanos, i.e. to c. 413-407 BC.
9
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The Function of the Thaler in Determining the Exchange Rates of European Currencies in the Second Half of the 16th Century

72%
Vorel P.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
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2022
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vol. 66
283-306
PL
Autor zwięźle podsumowuje genezę i rozwój talara od jego pojawienia się w Europie Środkowej w latach 20. XVI w. po powszechne rozprzestrzenienie się terminu „talar” na określenie dużej, srebrnej monety w latach 40. XVI stulecia, jak też próby zastąpienia w cesarstwie rzymsko-niemieckim talara monetą innego typu Drugą i Trzecią Cesarską Ordynacją Menniczą. Najważniejszym punktem zwrotnym był rok 1566. „Talar imperialny” został na nowo zdefiniowany pod względem metrologii, jak też uregulowano pobór ceł w cieśninach Morza Północnego, które (zamiast monet złotych) nadal pobierano w srebrnych talarach. To posunięcie pobudziło ekspansję monety talarowej w krajach Europy kontynentalnej korzystających ze szlaku handlowego Morza Północnego. W tym czasie, talar stał się także jednostką obrachunkową najważniejszych systemów monetarnych. Świadczą o tym kursy walut z końca XVI w. z Hamburga. „Talar imperialny” służy w nich jako narzędzie do przeliczania siedmiu najważniejszych walut używanych na obszarach handlowych Mórz Północnego i Bałtyckiego (marka lubecka, funt hamburski, funt antwerpski, funt amsterdamski, cesarski gulden reński, lizboński milreis i polski złoty).
EN
The author summarizes the origin and development of the thaler since its emergence in Central Europe in the 1520s to the general spread of the term “thaler” for large silver coins in the 1540s as well as the attempts to replace the thaler with another type of coin in the Roman-German Empire under the Second and Third Imperial Coin Order. The year 1566 was a major turning point. The “imperial thaler” was redefined in metrological terms and the collection of custom duties in the North Sea straits was regulated, which (instead of gold coins) continued to be collected in silver thalers. This move spurred the expansion of the thaler coins in those countries of continental Europe that used the North Sea trade route. At that time, the thaler also became the equivalent for mutual conversions of the most important monetary systems. This is evidenced by the exchange rates from the end of the 16th century from Hamburg. In them, the ”imperial thaler” serves as a tool for the mutual conversion the seven major currencies used in the North Sea and Baltic trade areas (the Lübeck mark, the Hamburg pound, the Antwerp pound, the Amsterdam pound, the imperial Rhine gulden, the Lisbon milreis and the Polish gulden).
10
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Monety z Apamei Kibotos. Najstarsza ikonografia Arki Noego

58%
Kiełczewska A.
Vox Patrum
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2008
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vol. 52
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issue 1
455-470
EN
Author of the article presents the series of six coins minted in ancient city of Apamea Kibotos in Phrygia during the reign of emperors Septimus Severus (193- 211), Macrinus (217-218), Alexander Severus (222-235), Gordian III (238-244), Philip the Arab (244-249) and Trebonius Gallus (251-253). The coins depict Noah’s Ark and were connected with Jewish community of the city. The article introduces a short history of Apamea and Jewish settlers in this region. The main part of the article presents the description of the scenes on the coins and tries to explain the circumstances of their appearance in ancient Roman city. An attempt to explain the meaning of the Greek nickname for Apamea - Kibotos, is also significant. In the end of the article author makes the comparison with depictions of Noah’s Ark in early Christian art.
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