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1

Wahlen in der Großen Gilde zu Riga. Ein Beitrag zu bürgerlichen Partizipationsformen in der vormodernen Stadt

100%
Hermuth D.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2013
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vol. 78
|
issue 4
19-40
EN
The Large Guild of merchants was one of three political estates in Riga and occupied a high political position in the town. Taking major political decisions required its consent. Thus, the positions in the Large Guild – the eldest (the president of the Guild), the bench of the elders (the governing body of the Guild) and the “dockman” (the spokesman of the Guild’s brothers) – appointed by election - were at the same time political offices in the political structure of the whole town. The article attempts to analyse confl icts concerning the manner of conducting elections to the posts in the 1680s. The analysis has shown that burghers concentrated in the Large Guild were capable of developing and protecting their right to participate in the election. Nevertheless, it does not apply to all election proceedings to the same extent: in the case of the elections to the bench of elders and a “dockman”, burghers had only the right to put forward candidates; however, burghers had the greatest infl uence on the choice of the elder. Burghers also had the right to appoint their candidates to offices in the city board and charity organisations in Riga. Hence, it must be stressed that a burgher of Riga participated in the political life of the city mainly through taking part in elections. The analysis of the various forms in which the burghers participated in the city board in the early modern period allows us to examine and explain the issue of burghers’ elections. Ambitious burghers had an opportunity to present themselves and advance politically. The research connected with the city’s patriciate and the authorities may acquire a new image if we look more closely at lower offi ces in the city – below the city council.
2
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Taniec w kręgu: nowe i dawne communitas

86%
Nowicka E.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2014
|
issue 5(31/1)
217-241
EN
Circle dances are observed in various cultures and times. The paper indicates certain social, political and situational contexts of the phenomenon of communal circle dances in remote territories: Catalonia, Balcans, Sakha (Yakutia), Buriatya and USA. The author offers an interpretation of chosen cases in terms of Victor Turner’s concept of communitas. During the communal dances – sardana, corlu mari, yokhor, osuokhai and ghost dance – the idea of community, equality and unity is dominating over social structure divisions and resulting in forming the psychological and social communitas. This is why all analysed circle dances arise in the context of serious menace and destruction of ethnic integrity. Being together in a very literal sense through physical closeness during the same motoric behaviours, common singing produces feeling of power and unification, reinforcing social identity and affirmation to a group. Circle dances are analysed in association with attempts to preserve group cultural and often even biological integrity.
3
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Taniec w kręgu: nowe i dawne communitas

86%
Nowicka E.
Prace Etnograficzne
|
2014
|
vol. 42
|
issue 2
147–171
EN
Circle dances are observed in various cultures and times. The paper indicates certain social, political and situational contexts of the phenomenon of communal circle dances in remote territories: Catalonia, Balcans, Sakha (Yakutia), Buriatya and USA. The author offers an interpretation of chosen cases in terms of Victor Turner’s concept of communitas. During the communal dances – sardana, corlu mari, yokhor, osuokhai and ghost dance – the idea of community, equality and unity is dominating over social structure divisions and resulting in forming the psychological and social communitas. This is why all analysed circle dances arise in the context of serious menace and destruction of ethnic integrity. Being together in a very literal sense through physical closeness during the same motoric behaviours, common singing produces feeling of power and unifications, reinforcing social identity and affirmation to a group. Circle dances are analysed in association with attempts to preserve group cultural and oft en even biological integrity.
4
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Interpreting the legacy of partition in the subcontinent: Indian and Pakistani perspectives

72%
Chakrabarti S.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2016
|
issue 40
21-29
EN
The twentieth century partitions, it has been argued, have been essentially the by‑products of three interlinked global developments: (a) decolonisation; (b) democratisation and the (c) Cold War dynamics. The partition of the Indian subcontinent, in particular, bore the imprint of the maelstrom produced by the intertwining of these three forces. The process of partition in South Asia did not only involve simple division and reorganisation of territories but was accompanied by devolution and indigenisation of political institutions and governance, placing partition at the heart of the process of nation‑state formation. In this sense, the longue duree process of the partitioning of the subcontinent has continued to cast its long shadow over the nation‑building process leading to internal discrepancies and the development of regional dynamics, often competitive and conflictual in nature.
5
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Wspólnota lokalna jako obszar bezpieczeństwa Afrykanów a rozwój demokratycznej kultury politycznej w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej

51%
Trzciński K.
Forum Politologiczne
|
2014
|
vol. 16 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Problemy globalne, sektorowe, regionalne, lokalne
77-93
EN
In this article a local community in Africa is presented as a security area for Africans. First the term security is defined and then the concept of the local community in Sub-Saharan Africa is clarified. Next the main characteristics of so called moderate (restricted) communalism and radical (unrestricted) communalism are described and the differences between them explained. Then two case studies are conducted to exemplify both kinds of African communalism. The main goal for this article is to show what price is paid – from the point of view of the development of democratic culture in Sub-Saharan Africa – for providing Africans with security, including economic, by their local communities.
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