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EN
The paper will explore the potential of new technologies in helping educators to play an active role in creating and promoting the learning that is needed for local and global communities to live sustainably. In particular, it will examine the potential of the virtual world to develop local and global communities for transformative learning for sustainable development. It is organised into three sections: 1) the need for new ways of knowing, learning and understanding; 2) the challenges an opportunities of the virtual world; 3) the role of virtual learning communities in education for sustainable education; 4) regional centres of expertise as a mobilising mechanism. Faced with the major challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, poverty and social inequality, it is clear that learning to live sustainably has never been more urgent. The credit crunch has thrown these into sharp relief and provided an opportunity to take stock of our current ways of organising the world economy which have led us to this unsustainable impasse. We are faced with a critical moment in world history which offers the chance to make the changes needed to set human beings on a path to a more sustainable future. In order to address these immense challenges, new forms of learning are needed, and the paper will argue that all educators, as responsible members of local and global communities, need to play key roles as agents for change. Globalisation and new technologies have changed the way we think about the world and about what constitutes the global and the local. It is clear that both local and global solutions must be found to address the serious dilemmas of the 21st century. This paper will see to examine the opportunities and challenges of the virtual world in enabling and supporting the development of effective ESD communities of practice.
EN
This paper describes the role of an Interdisciplinary Seminar to “scaffold” final practicum for early childhood student-teachers at Lisbon School of Education, Portugal. Student-teachers, cooperating teachers, university supervisors and specific didactics instructors worked together to involve young children in project-work. This cooperation provided an opportunity for innovation and experimentation and, especially, a context for teacher educators to deepen their understanding of their roles and to improve their teaching strategies, specifically around specific methods (maths, language, arts, etc.). As a consequence, the final practicum became central to the teacher education programme. Data from evaluation after a two-year work-seminar will be presented and discussed. New concepts will be developed such as “relational agency”, “co-configuration” and “boundary zone”. It is specified how they may help to understand the crucial role developed by practicum (fieldwork) in teacher education.
PL
Preparing students for the profession of a teacher involves internships in kindergartens and schools. Learning from practitioners and through practice can be considered in the light of E. Wenger’s theory of situated learning. The article presents the results of research aimed at identifying the experiences of post-graduate students of early-childhood studies related to the peripheral participation in early-childhood teachers communities of practice. The research project was carried out in accordance with the grounded theory, data were collected on the basis of analysis of documents, i.e. student documentation from continuous internships in kindergarten and school, presented in the form of critical events. On the basis of analysis of students’ statements, the barriers to learning from practitioners were identified - for example: encircling by the routine, superficiality activities, cultivating the teacher-expert worship; closing of teachers on modification of their practice; deprecating trainees and their activities, blocking the attempts of students to act differently. The article presents the characteristics of identified blockades, which are illustrated with examples from the collected empirical material.
EN
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the community life of three Facebook groups that bring together Czech history teachers. By combining content and discourse analysis of the posts and discussions, it seeks to provide information on the functioning of these groups and their potential for the professional development of their members.
PL
Koncepcja wspólnoty praktyków zakłada, że jest to grupa osób, które łączy zamiłowanie do czegoś i które pogłębiają swoją wiedzę oraz doświadczenie w tym obszarze poprzez bieżące interakcje. Prezentowany artykuł skupia się na znaczeniu zinstytucjonalizowanych sieci relacji i wzajemnego uznania w przygotowaniach do rywalizacji w e-sporcie. Badanie stanowi przykład indukcyjnej jakościowej analizy. W jego ramach przeprowadzono indywidualne wywiady pogłębione z osobami (n = 12) mającymi znaczące osiągnięcia we współzawodnictwie w grze Magic: The Gathering (MTG). W społecznym świecie miłośników MTG liczne grupy odzwierciedlają funkcjonalność wspólnoty praktyków. Grupy te konstytuują podstawowy aspekt przygotowań do najważniejszych turniejów MTG. Przykłady funkcjonowania tak zwanych grup testingowych wśród miłośników MTG prowadzą do sformułowania nowej kategorii analitycznej – growych wspólnot praktyków. Wbrew stereotypom, prezentowane badania wspierają tezę o znaczącej roli gier wideo w kształtowaniu kompetencji społecznych i tworzeniu specyficznych wspólnot, co jest szczególnie istotne w kontekście pandemii COVID-19.
EN
Communities of practice are groups of people united by a passion for something, who deepen their knowledge and experience in their field through ongoing interactions. This article focuses on the importance of institutionalized relationship networks and mutual recognition in preparation for esports competitions. The study represents inductive, qualitative analyses. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with players (n = 12) that have significant achievements in Magic: The Gathering (MTG) competitions. In the social world of MTG enthusiasts, numerous groups reflect the functionality of a community of practice. These groups constitute a fundamental aspect of preparation for top-level MTG tournaments. Examples of the functioning of so-called testing groups among MTG enthusiasts allow the formulation of a new analytical category – the gaming community of practice. Contrary to stereotypes, the presented study supports the thesis about the significant role of video games in the formation of social competencies and the creation of specific communities, which is particularly important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
EN
The paper focuses on the issue of the headmaster’s leadership, change, and learning at school. The main research questions concern the role of headmasters in teacher learning and their leadership in the course of changes taking place at school. Prior to answering these questions, the author reflects upon the essence of social learning and change at school. These considerations are based on Etienne Wenger’s model of social learning in communities of practice and Michael Schratz’ model of change and learning.
PL
W artykule podjęto problematykę przywództwa dyrektora szkoły oraz zmiany i uczenia się w szkole. Głowne pytania badawcze pracy dotyczą roli dyrektora szkoły w uczeniu się nauczycieli i przywództwa dyrektora szkoły w procesie zachodzących różnorodnych zmian w szkole. Odpowiedzi na pytania poprzedzono rozważaniami nad istotą uczenia się nauczycieli i zmiany w szkole. Podstawą przedstawionych rozważań jest model społecznego uczenia się we wspólnotach praktyków Etienne Wengera oraz model zmiany i uczenia się Michaela Schratza.
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PL
Nowym podejściem do rozumienia procesów tworzenia i dzielenia się wiedzą w organizacjach i środowiskach rozproszonych jest koncepcja "wspólnoty działań" (Community of Practice) Lava i Wengera, która likwiduje ograniczenia wynikające z dwoistości wiedzy, dzięki wzajemnie uzupełniającym się elementom: partycypacji i reifikacji. Uczestnictwo we wspólnocie działań implikuje partycypację we wszystkich działaniach, zakładając, że członkowie wspólnoty nadają identyczne znaczenie prowadzonym działaniom oraz wiedzą, jakie ma to znaczenie dla nich i wspólnoty. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono główne problemy zawiązane z zarządzaniem procesami tworzenia i rozwoju wspólnot działań, w tym znaczenia tożsamości w procesie ich wyłaniania się i rozwoju oraz czynników determinujących uczestnictwo w wirtualnych wspólnotach działań.
EN
Organizations now have to cope with the increasing internationalization of business forcing collaboration and knowledge sharing across time and distance simultaneously. A new approach to knowledge creation and sharing is Lave and Wenger's theory of Communities of Practice (CoPs), which provides an environment for people to develop knowledge through interaction with others in an environment where knowledge is created nurtured and sustained due to process of participation and reification. CoP members participate in all activities in the community, providing they give the same meaning to their activities and know its importance for the community. This paper presents, how to successfully manage the process of forming a community of practice in terms of individual and environmental (organizational) determinants.
EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze the knowledge creation and conversion processes in military organizations using the SECI model as a framework. First of all, knowledge creation activities in military organizations are identified and categorized. Then, knowledge socialization, externalization, combination and internalization processes are analyzed. The paper studies methods, techniques and tools applied by NATO and the U.S. Army to support the aforementioned processes. As regards the issue of knowledge socialization, counseling, coaching, mentoring and communities of practice are discussed. Lessons Learned systems and After Action Reviews illustrate the military approaches to knowledge externalization. Producing doctrines in the process of operational standardization is presented as a solution used by the military to combine knowledge in order to codify it. Finally, knowledge internalization through training and education is explored.
PL
Wspólnoty praktyki (communities of practice) są szczególnym przypadkiem społeczności, których jednostki łączy wspólna praca zawodowa, wspólne cele i misja. Literatura zna przypadki wspólnot praktyki informatyków uczestniczących w e-biznesie, lekarzy udzielających usługi pacjentom na odległość, samoistnie tworzących się wspólnot użytkowników jakiejś technologii, marki sprzętu lub oprogramowania. Brakuje badań dotyczących zachowań wspólnot zawodowych dyscyplin technicznych, szczególnie tych angażujących się w handel i użytkujących usługi udostępniane w sieci internet. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą określenia form uczestnictwa przedstawicieli dyscyplin technicznych w e-biznesie zarówno w zamkniętych i zintegrowanych sieciach korporacyjnych, jak i otwartych i rozległych połączonych z siecią Internet. Na tym tle pojawiają się pytania o etyczne uczestnictwo przedstawicieli tych wspólnot w specyficznych zadaniach wymagających korzystania z handlu elektronicznego i komunikacji elektronicznej.
EN
Communities of practice are a particular form of communities which are bound by common work, ends and mission. There are communities of practice of computer scientists who participate in e-business, of doctors who render e-services to their patients, of self-organizing communities of particular technology practitioners, brands or software. There is no descriptive research concerning the behaviours of members of communities of practice, particularly those of technical disciplines who are engaged in trade and use Internet services. Th is article attempts to delineate forms of participation of members of technical communities in e-business including closed integrated corporate networks and open wide area networks integrated with the Internet. This poses questions of their ethical participation in specifi c tasks which require use of electronic communication and e-commerce.
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