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1
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Self-Constraint: Ethical Challenges for Contemporaneity

100%
Stachowska I.
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
|
2016
|
issue 6
30-41
EN
The paper deals with issues related to self-constraint examined in the context of the social, environmental or economic threats and challenges generated by the contemporary civilization. The ability to limit one's own needs, and hence the issue of the reasonable use of goods is nothing new for ethics. However, after having realized the finite nature of natural resources, growing economic disproportions, and especially the exceeding consumption, that problem gains importance and calls for the recapitulation. The article, based on references to alternative models of consumers' behavior (sustainable consumption, voluntary simplicity) and sustainable strategies of development (degrowth), provides an argument why reflection on self-constraint is one of the critical areas of ethical reflection today. Self-constraint was presented as a voluntary, and individual approach of the moral agent towards other people and the natural environment.
2
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An agent-based model of consumer choice. An evaluation of the strategy of pricing and advertising

100%
KOT M.
Operations Research and Decisions
|
2022
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vol. 32
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issue 1
73-95
EN
The authors develop an agent-based model of the market where firms and consumers exchange products. Consumers in the model are heterogeneous in terms of features, such as risk-aversion or owned assets, which impact their individual decisions. Consumers constantly learn about products’ features through personal experience, word-of-mouth, or advertising, update their expectations and share their opinions with others. From the supply-side of the model, firms can influence consumers with two marketing tools: advertising and pricing policy. Series of experiments have been conducted with the model to investigate the relationship between advertising and pricing and to understand the underlying mechanism. Marketing strategies have been evaluated in terms of generated profit and recommendations have been formulated.
3
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Absolute value and diversity of household spending: analysis on International Comparison Program (ICP) 2011 data

88%
Verba D., Kudinova A.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
|
2019
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vol. 14
|
issue 1
99-127
EN
Research background: This article investigates the connection between consumer?s budget growth and diversification of household spending. The main question of research is ?are there new drivers of modern processes of consumer spending's diversification, at a time when spending on food has reached the minimum share in the consumer budget. Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to clarify the hypothesis about the existence of a certain limit of income (and consumer spending) after which the growing of consumer?s purchasing capacity loses power of influence on spending diversity. Methods: Theil entropy index was used for measuring the diversity of household spending. This index was defined as a sum of within-group and between-group entropy, which allows for comparing the diversification of household spending in two aggregate groups of expenditure, which were formed by the authors. The Workings? equation was used for modeling the spending entropy?s dependence on their absolute value. Two categories of household spending were regrouped (consolidated) by us through forming a group more related to the development of human economic potential (SMRHD) and less related to these processes (SLRHD). The research was done on the basis of ICP (2011) data, which covers 178 countries and refers to 2011 year ? the latest available on the moment of the article was completed. Findings & Value added: The results obtained in this research confirmed that there is a limit of household spending?s size, beyond which further increasing of consumers? economic opportunities loses a significant impact on the diversity of consumption spending. However, the weakening of the link between size of spending and its entropy reflects impact of two qualitative differenced factors. The first is relatively much more radical decrease of spending growth influence on within-group entropy for SLRHD. The second ? is relatively much less significant decrease of entropy?s sensitivity to spending growth for SMRHD. Such results reflect the increase in the importance of "non-functional demand components", which reduces the capacity of data on functional distribution of household expenditures to characterize the extent of their diversification.
4
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„Hipster to tylko słowo”. Nieporozumienia wokół pojęcia a nowe zjawiska kontrkulturowe

63%
Sznapka A.
Amor Fati
|
2016
|
issue 2(6)
165-186
EN
The main point of the article is to achieve a kind of clarity on the topic of hipsterism. The mean-ing of the word ‘hipster’ has undergone many changes in terms of its common understanding, since it first occurred in 1940s. Due to ironic discourse in media based on American popculture and stereotypes, unveiling its actual meaning nowadays is almost impossible. Especially for Eastern Europeans unable to grasp the context with all its nuances. The common conception of the word ‘hipster’ in Poland is close to ‘poser’ and revolves around particular negative connota-tions. This is however a simplified meaning. In fact, sticking to this particular understanding based on an image presented in the media prevents us from delving into more interesting con-texts of hipsterism. Having explained mechanisms of misunderstanding the word, the author turns to examine different aspects - historical, sociological, cultural and economical – of the ‘hip-sters issue’. There is an affinity between hipster behavior and the creative class theory by Rich-ard Florida. Hipsterism appears also as a novelty in terms of counterculture. Actually it is push-ing counterculture into the age of late modernity giving it a form that is fully addressing changes like globalization, mass production, inquisitive, aggressive marketing. At last, author examines the issue of locality and Polish inclinations regarding hipsterism. The most crucial point, howev-er, is setting a boundary between what most of us regards as “hipsterism” (the posering) and what the initial concept of it implied (the independence). What turns out is that the previous, seemingly forgotten by the public discourse, meaning can be applied to some interesting and positive post-modern phenomena.
5
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Would you fancy a premium five o’clock after the funeral? Application of Terror Management Theory in daily shopping decisions

63%
Walczak R. B., Gerymski R., Filipkowski J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
|
2018
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issue 22
5-15
PL
Przedstawione badanie weryfikowało, jak aktywizacja myślenia o śmierci wpły­wała na wybory zakupowe produktów spożywczych. W badaniu wzięli udział studenci (N = 130; Mage = 22,7; Meage = 21) różniący się pod względem poziomu świadomego lęku przed śmiercią. Uczestnicy zostali podzieleni na dwie grupy eksperymentalne i jedną kontrolną. Nie aktywizowano myślenia o śmierci w grupie kontrolnej. W pierwszej grupie eksperymentalnej aktywizowano myślenie o śmierci przy pomocy historii o eutanazji, w drugiej zaś poprzez prośbę wyobrażenia sobie własnej śmierci. Grupy eksperymentalne przed przystąpieniem do eksperymentu wypełniały kwestionariusz lęku przed śmiercią. Następnie badani mieli określić swoje codzienne preferencje zakupowe, dokonując wyboru pomiędzy paroma standardowymi oraz luksusowymi produktami spożywczymi, wybranymi w badaniu pilotażowym. Wyniki pokazują mniejszy wybór produktów luksusowych przez osoby w grupach z aktywizowanym myśleniem o śmierci. Świadomy poziom lęku przed śmiercią nie miał wpływu na decyzje badanych. Wyniki są dyskutowane w perspektywie teorii opanowania trwogi.
EN
The present study has investigated how fear-of-death activation affected consumer food product choices. Undergraduate students (N = 130; Mage = 22.7; Meage = 21) differing on the conscious fear of death level participated in this study. The participants were divided into two experimental and one control groups. In first experimental group fear of death was induced by asking the participants to read an euthanasia story, in second experimental group by asking them to picture their own death. All experimental groups filled a fear of death personality measure prior to the experiment. Afterwards, participants had to indicate their usual shopping preferences, by choosing between several standard and premium-looking food items which were selected in the pilot study. Results show a decreased number of premium product choices in the death activation groups. Conscious level of fear had no impact on those choices. Results are discussed under the terror management theory framework.
6
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Deklarowane czynniki wyboru produktu i sklepu internetowego w symulowanym teście rynkowym a satysfakcja z wyboru

51%
Mącik R.
Handel Wewnętrzny
|
2016
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issue 2 (361)
317-331
PL
Celem rozważań jest eksploracja powiązań między deklarowanymi czynnikami wyboru produktu i sklepu internetowego oraz satysfakcją z wyboru. W analizie wykorzystano dane pochodzące z badania ankietowego (CAWI), quasi-eksperyment oraz modelowanie równań strukturalnych PLS-MGA. Wyniki badania wskazują, że główne czynniki wyboru produktu i sklepu w symulowanym teście rynkowym w środowisku porównywarki cenowej są względem siebie niezależne. Wpływ decydującego czynnika wyboru na satysfakcję z wyboru jest niewielki, w grupach pojawiają się istotne różnice w parametrach modeli strukturalnych objaśniających poziom satysfakcji. Z badania wynikają następujące implikacje: praktyczna − w środowisku porównywarki cenowej należy oddzielnie oddziaływać na wybór produktu i wybór sklepu; społeczna − należy rozważyć dodanie w modelu procesu zakupowego fazy wyboru dostawcy. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy.
EN
A purpose of the article is to explore the links between the declared product and online store selection factors and satisfaction with the choice. Data were collected via CAWI with quasi-experiment, and mainly analysed using structural equation modelling with the PLS-MGA approach. The key findings indicate that the main declared factors of product and store selection in the simulated market test in an environment of price comparison website are independent of each other. Those factors have a little impact on satisfaction, but there are significant differences between groups in the parameters of the structural models explaining the level of satisfaction. The research has several implications including the practical one – there is the need for a separate treating product and stores selection of influence on consumer decisions, and the social one – to consider adding the phase of store/supplier choice in the classic model of the consumer purchasing process. The article is of the research nature.
RU
Цель рассуждений – изучить связь между декларируемыми факторами выбора продукта и интернет-магазина и удовлетворением от выбора. В анализе использовали данные из опроса (CAWI), квазиэксперимент, а также модели- рование структурных уравнений PLS-MGA. Результаты изучения указывают, что основные факторы выбора продукта и магазина в фиктивном рыночном тесте в среде сервиса сопоставления цен независимы друг от друга. Влияние решающего фактора выбора на удовлетворение от выбора невелико, в группах появляются существенные отличия в параметрах структурных моделей, объясняющих уровень удовлетворения. Из изучения вытекают следующие импликации: практическая – в среде сервиса сопоставления цен следует отдельно воздейстовать на выбор продукта и выбор магазина; социальная – следует об- думать добавление в модели закупочного процесса фазы выбора поставщика. Статья имеет исследовательский характер.
7
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Дослідження факторів, що впливають на споживчий вибір

51%
Gasimova M.
Path of Science
|
2016
|
vol. 2
|
issue 12(17)
6.40-6.44
UK
В статті досліджено теоретичні основи споживчого вибору та визначено фактори, які його визначають. З’ясовано особливості поведінки кінцевих споживачів, визначені умови суверенітету споживача. Доведено, що споживчий вибір детермінований постійним посиленням глобальної конкуренції, фрагментації попиту і диференціації пропозиції.
EN
In the article, the theoretical basis of consumer choice and the factors that determine it are studied. The features of behaviour of ultimate users are cleared up, the conditions of consumer sovereignty are defined. It is proved, that consumer choice is determined by constantly increasing global competition, fragmentation of demand and differentiation of supply.
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