Search results

1

Od metafizyki do semantyki. O uzasadnianiu tez o analityczności

100%

Zaucha J.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2012

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issue 1(7)

99-111

EN

The article discusses W.V.O. Quine's critique of the classical distinction 'analytic vs. synthetic sentences'. The author claims that the debate concerning this distinction is essential for semantic and lexicographic analysis, which nowadays must face certain well known metaphysical problems. She discusses five strategies of argumentation formed against Quine's position, inluding four explicit definitions of analyticity. The author claims that A. Bogusławski's (1998) definition seems to be the most effective one, and the same time closest to Kant's approach. This definition can be adopted in order to verify claims on the analyticity of propositions which include two predicates under discussion.

2

A Meinongian minefield? The dangerous implications of nonexistent objects

88%

Swanson C.

Human Affairs

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 2

161-177

EN

Alexius Meinong advocated a bold new theory of nonexistent objects, where we could gain knowledge and assert true claims of things that did not exist. While the theory has merit in interpreting sentences and solving puzzles, it unfortunately paves the way for contradictions. As Bertrand Russell argued, impossible objects, such as the round square, would have conflicting properties. Meinong and his proponents had a solution to that charge, posing genuine and non-genuine versions of the Law of Non-Contradiction. No doubt, they had a clever response, but it may not adequately address Russell’s concern. Moreover, as I argue, genuine contradictions are inherent to the set of all nonexistent objects. And such contradictions lead to even further absurdities, for example, that nonexistent objects have and lack every property. Unfortunately, such implications of the theory make it too treacherous to adopt.

3

O godzeniu przeciwieństw – funkcja wyrażeń jednocześnie i zarazem w języku naturalnym oraz w testowaniu hipotez semantycznych

88%

Żabowska M.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2015

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issue 12

71-105

EN

The article includes an overview of syntactic and semantic features of expressions jednocześnie, równocześnie and zarazem. The analysis is divided into two main parts. In the first one the author discusses the relationship between temporal adverbs and meta-textual units of language. She shows that the meta-textual expressions in question are semantically close to adverbial units – their function is not pointing to the coexistence of events but to organize a sentence and connect two functionally equal units. The second part focuses on the function of the lexical units in question within deviant sentences. The article also brings forth some remarks on the semantic consequences and effects of using the unit jednocześnie in the negation test.

4

Deviation without Contradiction in Adolf Reinach’s Ontology

88%

Di Lucia P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 90

15-27

EN

Is it possible to affirm the existence of eidetic a priori laws, if these laws can be contradicted by positive law propositions? How is it possible a deviation from a priori juridical propositions? These are the two questions to which the present paper “Deviation without contradiction in Adolf Reinach’s ontology” is devoted. The aim of the paper is to analyse the relations between a priori juridical propositions and propositions of positive law as investigated by Adolf Reinach. The Author presents and illustrates Adolf Reinach’s conception of conditioned a priori connections.

5

O teście negacji, kontekstach interpretacyjnych i zdaniach „wyratowanych”*

75%

Duraj-Nowosielska I.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2013

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issue 2(10)

161-191

EN

In the article I address several problems concerning the role of so called negative linguistic evidence in semantic analysis. The focus is on two main questions. The first addresses the problem whether sentences inherently contradictory, used as justifications for semantic theses, should be anomalous in an absolute sense (i.e. whether they should remain incoherent in any thinkable context), or whether it is possible to “save” them in some contexts, without losing their value as semantic evidence. I point out that, if one aims at demonstrating contradiction on the surface of a sentence (by confronting a given lexeme with the negation of its alleged semantic components), one should not expect any irrefutable proof. On the other hand, grammatical anomalies can serve as excellent evidence in semantics, but sentences of this kind are not always possible to apply, and after all, they only give indirect evidence without making a semantic component in question explicit. If a contradiction concerns only the lexical level of a test sentence, it is possible that one will always be able to “save” the sentence; still, it does n o t mean that it is not contradicted, yet if we are to grasp this contradiction, we must apply strict criteria of sentence “codability”; I assume (after Bogusławski 2008, 2009 and Frege 1977 [1918]) that they are supplied by the frame of the predicate somebody said that_ together with the assumption that a statement in question was made seriously. The second issue addressed in the article focuses on how, exactly, a contradiction should be presented in a test sentence – since different grammatical constructions or different metatextual operators can render different test results. The analysis of some sentences referred to in several semantic papers shows that it is not a good idea to use conjunctive constructions with i ‘and’: although such sentences could easily be marked with an “alienating asterisk”, it is often not because they are inherently contradictory, but because of high “coherence requirements” characteristic of the conjunction i that are not fulfilled in them. For this reason it happens that the very cause of anomaly is interpreted incorrectly.

6

The Case of Dialetheism

75%

Tkaczyk M.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 2

203-224

EN

The concept of dialetheia and the claim of dialetheism has been examined and compared to such related concept as contradiction, antinomy, consistency and paraconsistency. Dialetheia is a true contradiction and dialetheism is the claim that there exists at least one dialetheia. It has been observed that dialetheism is equivalent to the negation of the traditional principle of contradiction. Hence, dialetheism itself is no new idea in whatsoever. The novelty of dialetheism consists in the arguments delivered for its case. Key justification the partisans deliver for dialetheism has been examined and evaluated: antinomies, an alleged Gödel’s paradox, and existence of limits of thought. The structure of those arguments has been analyzed. It has been claimed that they share one and the same simple structure which may be called reverse paradox. The vital content dialetheists add to the traditional paradoxes is only the thesis of reliability of the vernacular prima facie knowledge. Three objections have been raised against the justification of dialetheism: firstly, it has been claimed that exactly the same argument supports principle of contradiction, secondly, it has been questioned whether the arguments preserve their value when logic is subject to revision, and thirdly, it has been claimed that the underlying logic of dialetheism is classical.

7

Resistance as an element of contradictory school culture

75%

Babicka-Wirkus A.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 1

44-52

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę kultury szkolnej z perspektywy tkwiącego w niej oporu. Opór ten jest przejawem sprzeczności kultury szkolnej. Celem artykułu jest analiza przeciwstawnych przejawów kultury szkolnej mieszczących się w różnych obszarach jej oddziaływania. Paradoksalnie kultura szkolna oparta jest na sprzecznościach, a zatem jej pełne poznanie wymaga zdiagnozowania współistniejących w niej dwoistości. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza zderzenia tych dwoistości w wymiarze normatywnym, organizacyjnym, symbolicznym, przestrzennym, czasowym, estetycznymi interakcyjnym.

EN

The article deals with the issue of school culture from the perspective of its inherent resistance. It is a manifestation of a contradictory nature of this culture. The text aims to analyze the oppositional manifestations of school culture located in different dimensions of its activity. Paradoxically, school culture is constructed from contradictions and thus, its full knowledge requires the diagnosis of the dualities that coexist in it. This article analyzes the clash of these dualities in normative, organizational, symbolic, spatial, temporal, aesthetic and interactive dimensions.

8

Kilka uwag o logice teologii

75%

Dadaczyński J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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issue 57

33-58

PL

The issue of the logic of theology so far have not been given so much attention neither from logicians nor from theologians. The first group seem not to consider the language of theology as a “place” to apply the results of their work. Also theologians are not particularly interested in that issue. The aim of this paper is to highlight one aspect of the issue of logic of theology, namely – the problem of the contradiction in the (language of) contemporary theology. In the first section, we show some of many examples of contradictions in contemporary theology. Next, the question regarding the reason of the existence so many examples of contradiction in theology is addressed. In the subsequent section, some problems generated by those contradictions are considered and a question if certain kind of logic would be able to deal with those problems is raised. Finally, some remarks regarding the need to take systematic research on logic (language) theology and the need to build analytic theology are postulated.

9

The Polish Educational Policy after 28 Years of Political Transformation

75%

Śliwerski B.

The New Educational Review

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2018

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vol. 52

149-163

EN

In this article I make a critical analysis of educational policy in Poland during the 28 years of the political transformation. In the transition period in Poland, from 1989 to 2017, education did not become a source of ongoing changes in the country. Further formations of political power, selected through elections, instead of decentralizing the school system, allegedly led to the creation of new models of school in a corset of centralism. To make matters worse, the prime ministers of the following governments from different political parties, taking into account their own or party interests, created the ministry of national education (or their decision-making power apparatus) who had disturbed communicational relationships with the public. In this article, I explain the reasons for the betrayal of elites in the context of fundamental assumptions of the “Solidarity” movement in the years of 1980 – 1989. As a result, Polish society abandoned the deliberative and participatory democracy. I look at how education, as a science and practice of education, fits into democratization of the Polish state and society. What is of key importance is the perception of education as a common good, as environments and entities, institutions or management practices which participate in a democratic society.

10

The Struggle of Ambiguity and Exorcisms

63%

Tomaszewska G. B.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova

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2020

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issue 5

EN

The topic of the study is one of the last poetry volumes by Czesław Miłosz entitled The Second Space (Pol. Druga przestrzeń), through which the author of the article looks at the complications of Miłosz’s ambiguous religiousness. It is full of tension and contradictions to which the poet tries to address with various results. Miłosz avoids easy solutions, typical for common faith. The article talks about Miłosz’s longing for the explicitness as a form of protest against evil and terror of this world, a form of protest against its ambiguous dimension, which forces the acceptance of passing, suffering, decay, death. It shows various forms of transgression of the antinomy created by the coexistence of beauty and the cruelty of life (i.a. experience of epiphany) and juxtaposes its specific character of his existential axiology.

PL

Przedmiotem uwagi w artykule jest jeden z ostatnich tomików Czesława Miłosza pt. Druga przestrzeń. Autorka przygląda się w nim niejednoznacznej religijności Miłosza. Dowodzi, że jest to religijność pełna napięć, sprzeczności, z którymi poeta stara się – z różnym skutkiem – uporać, unikając zarazem pocieszających, typowych dla potocznej wiary, rozstrzygnięć. Pisze o Miłoszowej tęsknocie do jednoznaczności jako formie niezgody na zło i okrucieństwo świata, niezgody na dwuznaczny jego wymiar, niezgody na wymuszoną akceptację dla przemijania, cierpienia i śmierci. Ukazuje różne formuły wyjścia poza antynomię tworzoną przez współistnienie piękna i okrucieństwa życia (m.in. doświadczenie epifanii) i przedstawia na tym tle specyfikę Miłoszowej egzystencjalnej aksjologii.

11

The philosophical logic of Stéphane Lupasco (1900–1988)

63%

Brenner E. J.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2010

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vol. 19

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issue 3

243–285

EN

The advent of quantum mechanics in the early 20 th Century had profound consequences for science and mathematics, for philosophy (Schrödinger), and for logic (von Neumann). In 1968, Putnam wrote that quantum mechanics required a revolution in our understanding of logic per se. However, applications of quantum logics have been little explored outside the quantum domain. Dummett saw some implications of quantum logic for truth, but few philosophers applied similar intuitions to epistemology or ontology. Logic remained a truth-functional ’science’ of correct propositional reasoning. Starting in 1935, the Franco-Romanian thinker Stéphane Lupasco described a logical system based on the inherent dialectics of energy and accordingly expressed in and applicable to complex real processes at higher levels of reality. Unfortunately, Lupasco’s fifteen major publications in French went unrecognized by mainstream logic and philosophy, and unnoticed outside a Francophone intellectual community, albeit with some translations into other Romance languages. In English, summaries of Lupasco’s logic appeared ca. 2000, but the first major treatment and extension of his system was published in 2008 (see Brenner 2008). This paper is a further attempt to establish Lupasco’s concepts as significant contributions to the history and philosophy of logic, in line with the work of Gödel, general relativity, and the ontological turn in philosophy.

12

Lubomír Doležel o postmoderně Sebeodhalení a protimluvy jako tahy v narativní hře

63%

Koťátko P.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2016

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vol. 53

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issue 26

19-26

EN

The paper critically interprets the analysis of characteristic features of the postmodern narrative fiction in Lubomír Doležel’s Heterocosmica (1998) and Heterocosmica II (2014). In particular, the author focuses on Doležel’s approach to metafiction and cumulation of contradictions as moves undermining (in a literarily productive way) the constitution and authentication of fictional worlds. Despite the explanatory power of Doležel’s analysis, the author points out that the same instruments (as well as some others analyzed by Doležel, like metamorphosis or construction of parallel and hybrid worlds) can be used with mimetic functions (in a rather non-traditional sense): in such cases, they cannot be reduced to moves within the postmodernist „ontological game“.

13

Il ne faut pas se laisser tromper par la langue : entre syntaxe et sémantique

63%

Śmigielska B.

Neophilologica

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2022

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vol. 34

1-19

EN

In this article, Beata Śmigielska describes the questions used to determine the number and nature of arguments of predicates within the framework of Stanisław Karolak’s semantics-based grammar. Since syntactic structures do not directly reflect the semantic structures of predicates, the distinction between arguments and adjunct elements (modifiers) often becomes problematic. This fact is related to the lack of a single methodology by which this can be done in a simple and unambiguous way, resulting in different results of analyses of the same predicates. To solve this problem, it is necessary clearly to define the theory within which we work, because it is the adopted perspective and its well-defined principles that will decide both the path of thought during the research and its results. In her analyses of the selected predicates, Śmigielska defines the tools that can be used in predicate description such as the semantic decomposition of predicates into simpler elements, supplemented, where necessary, by contradiction tests and paraphrasing.

14

The informational stance: Philosophy and logic. Part I. The basic theories

51%

Kun W., Brenner E. J.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2013

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vol. 22

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issue 4

453–493

EN

To better understand what information is and to explain information-related issues has become an essential philosophical task. General concepts from science, ethics and sociology are insufficient. As noted by Floridi, a new philosophy, a Philosophy of Information (PI), is needed. In the 80’s, Wu Kun proposed a “The Basic Theory of the Philosophy of Information”, which became available in English only in 2010. Wu and Joseph Brenner then found that the latter’s non-standard “Logic in Reality” provided critical logical support for Wu’s theory. In Part I of our paper, we outline the two basic theories as a metaphilosophy and metalogic for information. We offer our two theories as a further contribution to an informational paradigm. In Part II [WuB14], we develop the relation between information and social value as a basis for the ethical development of the emerging Information Society.

15

Contradiction in the eyes of Gaston Milhaud

51%

Jedynak A., Jedynak A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2019

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issue 3

16

Crisis of democracy and education reforms in Poland after 30 years of political transformation

51%

Śliwerski B.

Facta Simonidis

|

2020

|

issue 13

293-310

EN

In this article I explain the reasons for betrayal of elites in the context of fundamental assumptions of the “Solidarity” movement in the years of 1980-1989. As a result, Polish society abandoned the deliberative and participatory democracy. I look at how education as a science and practice of education fits into democratization of the Polish state and society. The key meaning for me has the perception of education as a common good, as environments and entities, institutions or management practices which participate in the democratic society. In the transition period in Poland from 1989 till 2019 education did not become a source of ongoing changes in the country. I make a critical analysis of educational policy in Poland during the 30 years of the political transformation.

PL

W artykule Autor wyjaśnia powody tzw. zdrady elit w kontekście fundamentalnych założeń ruchu Solidarności. Wskutek tego polskie społeczeństwo porzuciło demokrację deliberatywną i partycypacyjną. Autor analizuje jak edukacja, jako nauka i praktyka edukacji, wpasowuje się w demokratyzację polskiego państwa i społeczeństwa. Kluczowe znaczenie dla Autora ma postrzeganie edukacji jako powszechnego dobra, jako środowiska, instytucji i praktyki zarządzania, które uczestniczą w społeczeństwie demokratycznym. W okresie transformacji w Polsce w okresie od 1989 roku do 2019 edukacja nie stała się źródłem zachodzących zmian w kraju. Autor dokonuje krytycznej analizy polityki edukacyjnej w Polsce w czasie 30 lat politycznej transformacji.

17

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРСОНАЖ: РЕАЛЬНАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБРАЗ (ПЁТР ПЕРВЫЙ В РОМАНАХ ДМИТРИЯ МЕРЕЖКОВСКОГО, АНДРЕЯ БЕЛОГО, ДАНИИЛА ГРАНИНА)

51%

Петухова Е.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue -

93-105

RU

The novels “Antichrist” by D. Merezhkovsky, “Petersburg” by A. Biely and “Evenings with Peter the Great” by D. Granin were chosen to be analyzed because they are less well described in this aspect. The novels are studied in the context of the appraisals of the role and personality of the man who created The Russian Empire. The creation of the artistic image of Peter the First has to do with the problem of fictitiousness and historic authenticity. In the twentieth century the literary image of the tzar-reformer is devoid of being idealized and loses its apologetic pathos. The creation of the true to life image of the real great man that required a deeper understanding of Peter the statesman and Peter the man turned out to be a difficult task.

18

Sprzeczność i czas w systemie recentywizmu

45%

Bańka J.

Folia Philosophica

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2011

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vol. 29

183-204

EN

The paper draws upon so-called disscusive logic which does not refute the principle of contradiction directly, but accepts contradicting statements of different parties of the discourse or of the same subject but in different time. On the ground of recentivism every statement contrary to the system is sifted through the axiology of the system in a recentiori mode. That is, it is rejected by the system just as it falls into contradiction in the moment of being expressed (sermo). In short: the moment of expression eliminates contradiction in the content, for according to recentivist epistemology the description of an event is not true or false in general, but in the present time only and it changes its truthfulness with the time.

DE

Der Artikel knüpft an sog. Diskussionslogik an, die den Satz vom Widerspruch nicht direkt ablehnt, sondern stattdessen widersprüchliche, von verschiedenen Diskutanten oder von derselben Person, aber zu anderer Zeit geäußerten Meinungen zulässt. Wird der Standpunkt in rezentivistischen Kategorien betrachtet, so heißt er: jede systemwidrige Meinung wird mittels Axiologie des Systems a recentiori ausgewählt, und das bedeutet, dass sie das rezentivistische System verlässt, sobald sie sich während der Äußerung (sermo) mit der Aussage in Widerspruch verwickelt. Kurz gesagt: die Zeit der Aussage behebt den im Gegenstand der Aussage steckenden Widerspruch. Es folgt aus der Epistemologie des Rezentivismus, laut der die Beschreibung eines Ereignisses nicht im allgemeinen, sondern nur in der Gegenwart richtig ist, und nur samt der Gegenwart unterliegt sie einer Änderung hinsichtlich ihrer momentanen Richtigkeit.

19

Problemy biblijne i społeczno-polityczne w liście świętego Augustyna do Marcelina

45%

Eckmann A.

Vox Patrum

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1983

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vol. 4

88-104

EN

Auotor huius loci de rebus litterariis pluribus verbis CXXXVIII epistolam sanoti Augustini exposuit.

Refine search results

Od metafizyki do semantyki. O uzasadnianiu tez o analityczności

A Meinongian minefield? The dangerous implications of nonexistent objects

O godzeniu przeciwieństw – funkcja wyrażeń jednocześnie i zarazem w języku naturalnym oraz w testowaniu hipotez semantycznych

Deviation without Contradiction in Adolf Reinach’s Ontology

O teście negacji, kontekstach interpretacyjnych i zdaniach „wyratowanych”*

The Case of Dialetheism

Resistance as an element of contradictory school culture

Kilka uwag o logice teologii

The Polish Educational Policy after 28 Years of Political Transformation

The Struggle of Ambiguity and Exorcisms

The philosophical logic of Stéphane Lupasco (1900–1988)

Lubomír Doležel o postmoderně Sebeodhalení a protimluvy jako tahy v narativní hře

Il ne faut pas se laisser tromper par la langue : entre syntaxe et sémantique

The informational stance: Philosophy and logic. Part I. The basic theories

Contradiction in the eyes of Gaston Milhaud

Crisis of democracy and education reforms in Poland after 30 years of political transformation

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРСОНАЖ: РЕАЛЬНАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБРАЗ (ПЁТР ПЕРВЫЙ В РОМАНАХ ДМИТРИЯ МЕРЕЖКОВСКОГО, АНДРЕЯ БЕЛОГО, ДАНИИЛА ГРАНИНА)

Sprzeczność i czas w systemie recentywizmu

Problemy biblijne i społeczno-polityczne w liście świętego Augustyna do Marcelina