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EN
This paper shows the importance of broadly defined health security, illness prevention, and health education, in all possible stages of human life. The paper contains a description of the basic threats to human health security emanating from the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the author deals extensively with the preventive qualities of educational activities in the development of a sense of human health security. The main idea of the paper demonstrates that health security during the coronavirus pandemic, together with a sense of calm and stagnation, have a fundamental impact on human well-being. All this is combined with the adoption of the appropriate attitudes, while at the same time determining the focus of the concentration of human activity, and therefore of human education, in the times of threats to health.
EN
The subject of digitization of universities, online classes and courses, as well as studying via the Internet, has become very urgent and popular due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This forced the implementation or development of appropriate remote learning systems at all universities. There are many doubts and questions concerning not only the organisation of distance learning, but also the quality of verification of learning outcomes; availability of teaching materials; technical skills of students and teachers using ICT tools; access to training and equipment; financial, mental and psychological difficulties, etc. The aim of the article is to analyse the challenges faced by universities that have gone remote during pandemic. The article in its main part consists of three elements: theoretical insight into the problems of distance education, difficulties and challenges concerning the organization of remote studying in universities and the evaluation of students of distance classes. This is the empirical part of the work. The research covered the issues of education using the methods and techniques of distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. The research was conducted using the diagnostic survey method, survey technique, using a questionnaire. In the second part of the analysis the data found were used.
EN
The article deals with the issue of the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on political changes in the EU from a neo-institutional perspective. The pandemic has created qualitatively new challenges for the European Union after a “decade of crises.” Due to the dramatic and destructive nature of COVID-19, it is becoming a catalyst for unprecedented systemic changes in the Member States and EU institutions. The impact of the coronavirus on conflicts and divisions in the EU is analysed using the category of Europeanization in selected key dimensions: political unification within the EU, institutional changes at the EU level, the impact of the EU institutions on the Member States, the territorial scope of the EU and the spread of EU institutions beyond Europe. Selected consequences of the pandemic affecting the future of European integration are discussed in terms of different variants of disintegration or reintegration of the EU and the role and place of Central and Eastern European countries in these changes.
EN
Following the current situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic, this study brings to light the way in which the traditional school (the notion “school” was used in this paper with reference to all levels of learning, both schools and universities) was replaced, in a somewhat forced way, with online school in a society pursuing the tradition of face-toface education. Given this aspect of e-learning and a possible higher exposure of their private life, for both students and teachers, the study will seek to answer the question: “Does online school represent a limitation of the right to private life?” through a series of legal arguments. However, before an answer is found, the right to private life and the right to education, as seen through Romanian legal regulations, as well as through the perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights, will be studied in detail. Last but not least, the concept of online school will be subject to analysis, from the perspective of both main parties involved in the education act, closely following the concept of private life.
EN
Theoretical background: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on every aspect of the economy and society. It forced changes in the functioning of many enterprises, also in the field of food production and delivery, and widely understood supply chains. The situation in the world has also contributed to changes in consumer behavior, which translated into, for example, forms of food delivery and payment.Methods: The aim of the study is to determine the level of satisfaction of Uber Eats consumers in Poland, as well as customer behavior and habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another aim of this study is to identify problems and causes of customer dissatisfaction at every stage of the delivery chain. A survey of Uber Eats users is conducted to collect data on the level of satisfaction with the services offered by this company. The collected data was analyzed by means of a comparative analysis covering the two periods in which the study was conducted.Results and conclusions: Researching customer satisfaction in various areas has long been of interest to scientists. Particular interesting conclusions in this regard can be observed during the restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which introduced many restrictions in the everyday life of consumers, e.g. restaurants and eateries were closed, it was only possible to order take-out or with delivery. Research carried out at that particular time could change the behavior of customers, influence their opinion, and change the requirements and preferences. The study enables a new look at food ordering services in times of epidemics and evaluates the functioning of the Uber Eats supply chain in Poland.
6
75%
EN
The biggest threats to contemporary economic order were chronologically the bipolarity of the world after 1945, in which one of the poles despised money and the other based its prosperity on money. An attempt to create a unipolar world already dominated by the US dollar, practically was hardly acceptable. The US showed its strength when Japan in 1995 became a pretender to be No. 1 in the global economy. Also in 2008, American banks triggered a global financial crisis by creating bubbles of toxic real estate loans. The 2008 financial crisis also started a crisis of liberal democracy. China was much more powerful than Japan as the next pretender to become No. 1 in the global economy. About it can be seen as the beginning of a global conflict between the United States and China. In addition, the coronavirus pandemic has stopped globalization and is causing a global crisis.
EN
BackgroundStudies of influenza, and human coronaviruses provide evidence that the use of a medical mask can prevent the spread of infectious droplets from an infected person to someone else. After global public health emergency of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing illness of COVID-19 was changing frequency of wearing a mask. Therefore, study was undertaken to assess whether the use of protective masks affects the level of oxygen saturation during rest and during exercise.Material and MethodsThe test consisted of a non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation by percutaneous determination of arterial oxygen saturation with the use of the pulse oximeter. Oxygen saturation was measured during rest and after physical exertion performed without a protective mask (2 types of masks were used: surgical and FFP2), as well as during rest and after physical exertion performed with the use of a protective mask. The analysis of the oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate included data on 48 subjects.ResultsComparing the post-exercise and pre-exercise values showed a significant difference between all of them. There were no differences found in any variables according to the mask/no-mask status.ConclusionsA short-term physical exercise performed in a group of healthy young people using protective masks did not affect oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.
EN
The paper presents results of a questionnaire survey which aim was to find out English learners´ preferences of different platforms and applications to be used for home schooling.    Concept. Key attention of the authors is paid to the issue of the transition of face-to-face forms of education to online platforms, caused by school closures due to the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. At first, they deal with the use of digital technologies in teaching in general. They analyse how digital didactic means were used prior to the pandemic situation and they present research results related to differences among the ways of the use of these means within different subjects teaching (natural science subjects, technically oriented subjects, languages, social science subjects, artwork subjects). Consequently, the authors deal with the methodological aspects of the use of online forms in foreign language teaching.    Methodology. To find answer to such questions as which educational form, school education or home schooling, is more preferred by English learners, what are the strengths and weaknesses of home schooling, which foreign language skills are being practiced via online Zoom lessons,  which foreign language skills are being practiced via worksheets, or which mobile applications are used to enlarge students` vocabulary range, a questionnaire survey was carried out. Respondents of the survey were English learners, secondary vocational school students,,aged from 16 to 20 year-olds.    Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of the data recorded from the learners` responses to the particular questionnaire items as the most significant three weaknesses of the home schooling were identified technical problems, more homework and lack of social contacts, while as the main strengths were found out home comfort, sufficient sleeping time and less dense timetable.
EN
Objectives This study evaluates the effect of a 3-month calorie restriction (CR) without snacking on the anthropometric parameters, Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles of female office workers with overweight or obesity, whose physical activity was limited during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Material and Methods Forty-eight women aged 20–38 years (28.9±5.24) with low physical activity levels were divided into a non-snacking (NS) group (N = 21) and a snacking (S) group (N = 27) prior to the dietary intervention. Their daily energy intake during the intervention was lowered by 30% compared with the baseline level, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber in their diet was increased (to >30 g/day). The proportion of saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates was also reduced. The study participants were assessed at the baseline and post-intervention for anthropometric variables (body weight, body fat percentage BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) and the concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, the values for HOMA-IR, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. Results All anthropometric parameter values obtained post-intervention were lower than the baseline in both groups. The serum insulin concentration and HOMA-IR decreased respectively by an average of 6% and 25% in the NS group and 37% and 45% in the S group. The lipid profiles of all participants improved significantly, with the LDL-C concentration showing a more promising trend in the S group (decrease by 27%) than in the NS group (17%). Conclusions The study showed that CR improved the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profiles of all participants.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the environment in which the World Health Organization operates. The article discusses the basic issues related to the global health care system, and then the statutory aims and purposes of the Organization. The last part analyses the indicated goals in the context of the realities, primarily the political ones, paying attention to the coronavirus pandemic, which undoubtedly has affected the functioning of Organization. The article shows various types of problems that the WHO encounters in the course of its activity, which illustrates the complexity and comprehensiveness of the phenomena that occur in the area of operation of international organisations.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest przeprowadzonym w 2014 i 2017 roku dwóm referendom niepodległościowym, które zostały przez rząd Hiszpanii oraz hiszpański Trybunał Konstytucyjny uznane za nielegalne. Referenda te były wyrazem dążeń znacznej części Katalończyków do utworzenia własnego państwa. W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące uwarunkowań historycznych katalońskiego ruchu niepodległościowego, analizy głosowań referendalnych referendum, wpływu pandemii w 2020 na kataloński ruch niepodległościowy. W toku przeprowadzonej analizy przy wykorzystaniu metod: analizy instytucjonalno-prawnej, analizy systemowej oraz historycznej metody genetycznej, wykazano, iż zjawiskiem, które w dużej mirze przyczyniło się do wzrostu nastrojów niepodległościowych w Katalonii były uwarunkowania historyczne, jak i kryzys gospodarczy z 2008 roku. Wszystko to wpływało na wzrost poparcia wśród Katalończyków dla idei niepodległościowej. Dowodem tego były wyniki dwóch referendów niepodległościowych, z których pierwsze przeprowadzone było 9 listopada 2014 r., wzięło w nim udział 2 mln spośród 5,4 mln uprawnionych. Za niepodległością opowiedziało się 80% uczestników głosowania. Z kolei w referendum 2017 roku wzięło udział 42,3% z uprawnionych do głosowania 5,34 mln. 90% z 2,26 mln osób biorących udział w głosowaniu opowiedziało się za niepodległością. 8% było przeciw. Referenda w Katalonii pokazały, że kwestia dążeń niepodległościowych poszczególnych europejskich regionów wciąż jest aktualna. Nawet kryzys spowodowany pandemią w 2020 roku, separatyści wykorzystali jako nowy argument za uniezależnieniem się od Hiszpanii.
EN
The article discusses two independence referenda of 2014 and 2017, which have been declared illegal by the Spanish government and the Constitutional Court. The referenda have shown that the majority of Catalans to establish their own state. The article presents historical conditions of the Catalan independence movement, analysis of referenda outcomes, and the impact of the 2020 pandemic on the independence movement. Methods used include institutional and legal analysis, system analysis and historical genetic method. The methods have proven that to a large extent historical factors and the 2008 economic crisis contributed to independence tendencies in Catalonia. All these facts contributed to the growing support for the independence among Catalans. This has been proven by outcomes of two independence referenda. The first one of them was held on 9 November 2014 and the turnout was 2 million out of 5.4 million eligible citizens. As much as 80% of voters opted for independence. The turnout of the 2017 referendum was 42.3% out of 5.34 million, and 90% of 2.26 million citizens participating in the referendum opted for independence, whereas 8% were against. The referenda showed that independence trends in European regions were still valid, since separatists might even use the crisis caused by the 2020 pandemic to support they independence struggle.
EN
In the first part of the article was shown the potential of Polish aviation industry, its components and specifics as well as importance for the economy. Also threats for this industry which are the result of so-called coronavirus pandemic were shown and possibilities of its reconstruction were pointed out. Moreover, the methods of financing new constructions and aircraft modernization used in Poland were presented. The second part of the article is devoted to the functioning of aviation production companies in Poland sold to foreign capital, which have become subsidiaries of large western corporations. The subject of analysis was financial flows between parent companies and their subsidiaries. The channels of transfer of funds from foreign subsidiaries to the parent company were shown, including payment of dividends, payment of fees for licensing, managerial and consulting services and the rules of granting facade loans.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu ukazany został potencjał polskiego przemysłu lotniczego, jego składniki i specyfika oraz znaczenie dla gospodarki. Ukazano także zagrożenia dla tego przemysłu będące skutkiem tzw. pandemii koronawirusa i wskazano na możliwości jego odbudowy. Przedstawiono ponadto sposoby finansowania nowych konstrukcji oraz modernizacji statków powietrznych stosowane w Polsce. Druga część artykułu poświęcona jest funkcjonowaniu lotniczych firm produkcyjnych w Polsce sprzedanych kapitałowi zagranicznemu, które stały się filiami dużych koncernów zachodnich. Przedmiotem analizy uczyniono przepływy finansowe między firmami macierzystymi i ich filiami. Ukazano kanały transferu środków finansowych z filii zagranicznych do firmy macierzystej, w tym wypłaty dywidend, regulowanie opłat za usługi licencyjne, menedżerskie i konsultingowe oraz zasady udzielania fasadowych pożyczek.
EN
This article provides a case study of media and scientific communication during the coronavirus pandemic and discusses the impact of this communication. Communication during a pandemic should be based on facts and evidence, not emotions. At the same time, it must be implemented in a way that is attractive and understandable for the recipients. A few years of journalistic and scientific experience prompted the author to discuss her own research and its effects in the context of the pandemic. The author identified the recipients' needs and gaps in their knowledge about the new coronavirus and its impact on everyday functioning. The article concludes that accessible and reliable presentation of scientific data is of great interest to recipients and contributes to a better understanding of phenomena in which they do not specialize.
PL
Celem artykułu jest dokonanie studium przypadku na przykładzie własnych badań z zakresu komunikacji medialnej i naukowej w czasie pandemii koronawirusa oraz omówienie efektów, jakie dzięki nim osiągnięto. Komunikacja w czasie pandemii i związanego z nią niepokoju powinna opierać się nie na emocjach, lecz na faktach i danych naukowych. Jednocześnie musi być realizowana w sposób atrakcyjny i zrozumiały dla odbiorcy. Wieloletnie doświadczenie dziennikarsko-naukowe skłoniło autorkę do omówienia własnych badań oraz ich efektów w kontekście pandemii. Autorka ustaliła potrzeby odbiorców oraz luki w ich wiedzy, dotyczącej nowego koronawirusa i jego wpływu na codzienne funkcjonowanie. Wdrożone przez autorkę działania doprowadziły do następującej konkluzji: przystępne, ale i rzetelne zaprezentowanie danych naukowych w przedstawionych artykułach cieszy się dużym zainteresowaniem wśród odbiorców i przyczynia się do lepszego rozumienia przez nich zjawisk, w których się nie specjalizują.
EN
In the history of the European Union, there are three main crises: financial crisis, the so-called refugee crisis, and the recent coronavirus pandemic. Since the financial crisis, the process of modern democracies taking over the characteristics of non-democratic regimes has become noticeable, and subsequent crises are only exacerbating it. A useful theoretical category for explaining this phenomenon is the category of militant democracy, which was first used by Karl Loewenstein, who applied it to the Weimar Republic. The article aims to present in general how successive crises have contributed to accelerating the militant process by the EU Member States.
PL
W historii Unii Europejskiej można wskazać na trzy główne kryzysy: kryzys finansowy, tzw. kryzys uchodźczy i obecnie pandemię koronawirusa. Od momentu kryzysu finansowego, zaczęto dostrzegać, że współczesne demokracje zaczynają przejmować cechy charakterystyczne dla reżimów niedemokratycznych, a kolejne kryzysy wydają się jedynie to wzmacniać. Użyteczną kategorią do wyjaśnienia tego zjawiska jest kategoria demokracji opancerzonej, która po raz pierwszy została użyta przez Karla Loewenstein, który odnosił ją do Republiki Weimarskiej. Celem tego artykułu jest ogólne zaprezentowanie, w jaki sposób kolejne kryzysy przyczyniły się do przyspieszenia procesu opancerzania się demokracji w państwach członkowskich.
EN
The article describes the characteristic features of Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s spirituality on the basis of selected Letters from this writer. Norwid is a unique figure of the 19th century for Polish history and culture. The example of his spiritual life can inspire contemporary Christians. The discussed Letters indicate Norwid’s close relationship with God, his trust in Providence in life’s hardships and adversities and the conviction with which he proclaimed Christ and His Gospel. Norwid’s spiritual example helps us to properly read the contemporary „signs of the times”. Especially during the crisis caused, among others, by the coronavirus pandemic and progressive secularization, Norwid’s thoughts are also relevant today.
Dyskurs & Dialog
|
2020
|
vol. II
|
issue 4 (6)
9-22
EN
The article proves the thesis that the time of the pandemic is a great challenge to ask new questions about the most important rules related to sense of our ontological security. The author searches for answers in narrative medicine, unknown in Poland, which demands a radical change in the approach to patients and overcoming stereotypes in the world of doctors. He also accuses the Polish mainstream media of ignoring the voice of patients during the coronavirus epidemic, flooding recipients with soulless data and statistics on the pandemic
PL
Artykuł dowodzi tezy, że czas pandemii jest wyzwaniem pozwalającym stawiać na nowo pytania o najważniejsze reguły związane z naszym poczuciem bezpieczeństwa ontologicznego. Odpowiedzi poszukuje w nieznanej w Polsce medycynie narracyjnej, która domaga się od medyków radykalnej zmiany w podejściu do pacjenta i przełamania obowiązujących w świecie lekarzy stereotypów. Oskarża także polskie media o epatowanie w czasie epidemii koronawirusa statystykami kosztem niedopuszczania do głosu chorych na COVID-19.
PL
Treści audialne uważane są za wyjątkowo intymne i łatwo generujące emocje słuchaczy. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie mechanizmów afektywnych wykorzystywanych w produkcjach audio w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Analizie poddano program radiowy polskich rozgłośni publicznych i komercyjnych oraz szeroko rozumiany segment mediów audio: podcasty oraz serwisy streamingowe z Europy, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Australii. Brano pod uwagę treści powstałe w okresie tzw. pierwszej fali pandemii (marzec–czerwiec 2020). Nagrania dźwiękowe analizowano w czterech aspektach odpowiadających podstawowym elementom struktury treści audialnych: słowo, muzyka, efekty akustyczne i cisza. W badaniach została uwzględniona perspektywa nadawcy projektującego reakcje afektywne publiczności oraz specyfika pracy dziennikarzy radiowych w okresie pandemii. Badania potwierdziły funkcjonowanie w produkcjach audio mechanizmów wzmacniania i regulowania emocji we wszystkich analizowanych obszarach. Szczególnie dotyczy to nacechowanej emocjonalnie leksyki, ekspresji głosowej, doboru repertuaru muzycznego oraz rozwiązań w edycji dźwięku. Warte podkreślenia jest eksponowanie w analizowanym okresie znaczenia ciszy jako akustycznego ekwiwalentu dystansu, braku, izolacji. Zaproponowano katalog mechanizmów generowania i modulowania emocji w mediach audialnych. Badanie pokazuje, w jaki sposób dźwięk jest przekaźnikiem emocji w mediach.
EN
Audio-based content is considered to be extremely intimate and easily evoking emotions in listeners. The aim of this article is to determine the affective mechanisms used in audio productions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on radio programmes of public and commercial radio stations and the broadly defined audio media segment: podcasts and streaming services from Europe, the USA, and Australia. The content created during the so-called first wave of the pandemic (March–June 2020) was considered. Sound recordings are analysed in terms of four aspects related to the structure of audio content: words, music, acoustic effects, and silence. This study aims to present the perspective of a broadcaster who designs the audience’s affective reactions and the unique nature of radio journalists’ work during the pandemic. The study confirmed the use of mechanisms intended to intensify and regulate emotions in audio productions in all of the analysed areas. This is especially true for emotionally-charged lexis, voice expressions, selection of musical repertoire and solutions applied in sound editing. The importance of silence as an acoustic equivalent of distance, void and isolation is emphasised. We put forward a list of mechanisms behind generating and modulating emotions in audio-based media. The study shows how sound, as diverse as it is, conveys emotions in the media.
PL
W artykule omówiono dwa zagadnienia badawcze: medialne reprezentacje emocji (cyfrowe słowniki emocji) oraz wizualne metafory emocji w internetowych materiałach o tematyce religii w czasie pandemii. Do analiz wykorzystano dwie techniki badawcze: analizę treści oraz analizę metafor wizualnych. Za pomocą słów kluczowych „religia” i „koronawirus” uzyskano 100 naturalnych wyników z wyszukiwarki Google (tzw. wyszukiwanie organiczne), pochodzących z całego świata, m.in. z Wielkiej Brytanii, USA, Polski, Kanady, Indii, Izraela, Iranu, Katar, Korei Północnej, które stały się przedmiotem analizy treści. Materiałem badawczym wykorzystanym do badania metafor były wybrane ilustracje z motywami religijnymi, zamieszczone w międzynarodowym katalogu fotografii i ilustracji, pochodzących z czasu pandemii COVID-19. Analizą metafor objęto wybrane ilustracje, które charakteryzowały się najbogatszą semantyką wizualną i spełniały przynajmniej jeden z wymogów definicyjnych metafory wizualnej. Na podstawie analiz wirtualnych słowników emocji strachu (i towarzyszącej nieufności), złości/gniewu, szczęścia/radości (i towarzyszących: nadziei, zaufania, zadowolenia, równowagi psychicznej, spokoju, bliskości, solidarności, współczucia, troski, pocieszenia) i smutku/niepewności sformułowano ogólny wniosek o wzbogacaniu emocjonalnej kultury medialnej o nowe konteksty użycia języka. Opisane przykłady wizualnych metafor emocji pozwoliły na odczytanie technik kompozycyjnych, symboliki, kolorystyki, kontrastu i elementów zaczerpniętych z metafor pierwotnych. Wyniki stanowią przyczynek do badań nad społeczną koncepcją emocji w mediach cyfrowych oraz nowych kontekstów ich medialnych reprezentacji. Wskazują na adaptacyjne formy organizacji życia społecznego w Internecie inicjowane praktykami religijnymi, które ze swej natury mają charakter emocjonalny. Medialne reprezentacje i wizualne metafory emocji przyczyniają się do tworzenia uniwersalnych słowników emocji.
EN
The article analyses two research problems related to media representations (digital lexicons of emotions) and visual metaphors of emotions in the Internet materials concerning religions during the pandemic. For the analyses two research techniques were used: analysis of the content and analysis of visual metaphors. Using the key words ‘religion’ and ‘coronavirus’ yielded 100 natural search engine results from Google Search (organic search), coming from all over the world, e.g. UK, USA, Poland, Canada, India, Israel, Iran, Qatar, North Korea, subject to content analysis. The research material employed in the study of metaphors are selected illustrations listed in an international catalogue of photographs and illustrations involving religious motifs, available during the COVID-19 pandemic. The metaphor analysis covered the illustrations selected from the study data, with the richest visual semantics and meeting at least one of the definition requirements for a visual metaphor. On the basis of the analyses of virtual lexicons of the emotions of fear (and accompanying distrust), anger/wrath, happiness/joy (and accompanying: hope, trust, satisfaction, mental balance, peace of mind, closeness, solidarity, compassion, care, solace), and sadness/uncertainty, a general conclusion was formulated about the enrichment of the emotional media culture with new contexts of language use. The described examples of visual metaphors of emotions allowed for the reading of compositional techniques, symbolism, colours, contrast and elements taken from the original metaphors. The results contribute to the studies of the social concept of emotions presented in the digital media and of new contexts of their media representations. They point to the adjustment forms of the organization of social life on the Internet initiated by religious practices that are, by their nature, emotional. The media representations and visual metaphors of emotions contribute to the creation of universal lexicons of emotions.
19
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Umrisse deutscher Außenpolitik

51%
|
2021
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vol. XLII
|
issue 1
59-71
EN
Thirty years after the establishment of its state unity, Germany is again the central power of Europe, dominates the EU and has become a geo-economic power with global interests. The eastward expansion of the EU has moved Germany not only geographically but also in terms of power politics to the center of Europe. Military power has tended to become less important, while economic power has come to the fore. The political class of Germany wants to lead in Europe, but in a way that is aimed at the broadest possible support. The corona crisis does not affect all EU states equally, rather the previously existing imbalances are reproduced.
PL
Trzydzieści lat po zjednoczeniu, Niemcy są ponownie głównym ośrodkiem władzy w Europie, odrywają kluczową rolę w UE i stały się potęgą w wymiarze geoekonomicznym, z interesami w skali globalnej. Rozszerzenie UE na wschód przesunęło Niemcy nie tylko z punktu widzenia geograficznego, lecz również w kwestii polityki władzy w kierunku centrum Europy. Potęga wojskowa straciła na ważności, na pierwszy plan wysunęła się siła gospodarcza. Niemiecka klasa polityczna pragnie przewodzić w Europie, czyniąc to jednak w sposób, który nakierowany jest na osiągnięcie najszerszego możliwego wsparcia. Kryzys wywołany pandemią koronawirusa nie ma jednakowego wpływu na wszystkie państwa członkowskie Unii Europejskiej; dostrzec można raczej proces powielania istniejących już wcześniej nierówności.
DE
Dreißig Jahre nach der Herstellung seiner staatlichen Einheit ist Deutschland wieder Zentralmacht Europas, dominiert die EU und wurde zu einer geo-ökonomischen Macht mit globalen Interessen. Die EU-Osterweiterung hat Deutschland nicht nur geographisch, sondern auch machtpolitisch in die Mitte Europas gerückt. Die militärische Macht hat tendenziell an Bedeutung verloren, während die wirtschaftliche in den Vordergrund rückte. Die politische Klasse Deutschlands will in Europa führen, aber in einer auf möglichst breite Unterstützung bedachten Art. Die Corona-Krise trifft nicht alle EU-Staaten gleichermaßen, sondern es reproduzieren sich die bereits zuvor bestehenden Ungleichgewichte.
EN
The article defines the concept of a village and values that people living in rural areas follow. In this context, there are an analysis of the results of a scientific query combined with the participant observation of the author. The survey research was conducted among students of 6-8 grades of the primary schools in the parish of Saint Bartłomiej the Apostle in Korytnica Łaskarzewska. It refered to the approach of rural youth to the media, especially to their evangelizing and pastoral function during the Covid 19 pandemic.
PL
Artykuł definiuje pojęcie wsi i wartości, jakimi kierują się ludzie mieszkający na terenach wiejskich. W tym kontekście analizowane są wyniki kwerendy naukowej połączone z obserwacją uczestniczącą autora. Badania sondażowe prowadzone były wśród uczniów klas VI-VII szkół podstawowych na terenie Parafii pw. Św. Bartłomieja Apostoła w Korytnicy Łaskarzewskiej. Dotyczyły podejścia młodzieży wiejskiej do mediów, a zwłaszcza do ich funkcji ewangelizacyjnej i duszpasterskiej w czasie pandemii Covid-19.
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