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CORPUS-BASED TRANSLATION FOR RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND TRAINING, MONA ARHIRE, INSTITUTUL EUROPEAN, IAŞI, 2014, 254 P.

100%
HĂISAN D.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2014
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vol. 6
189-195
2
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Working with corpora in the translation classrooom

100%
Kruger R.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 4
505-525
EN
This article sets out to illustrate possible applications of electronic corpora in the translation classroom. Starting with a survey of corpus use within corpus-based translation studies, the didactic value of corpora in the translation classroom and their epistemic value in translation teaching and practice will be elaborated. A typology of translation practice-oriented corpora will be presented, and the use of corpora in translation will be positioned within two general models of translation competence. Special consideration will then be given to the design and application of so-called Do-it-yourself (DIY) corpora, which are compiled ad hoc with the aim of completing a specific translation task. In this context, possible sources for retrieving corpus texts will be presented and evaluated and it will be argued that, owing to time and availability constraints in real-life translation, the Internet should be used as a major source of corpus data. After a brief discussion of possible Internet research techniques for targeted and quality-focused corpus compilation, the possible use of the Internet itself as a macro-corpus will be elaborated. The article concludes with a brief presentation of corpus use in translation teaching in the MA in Specialised Translation Programme offered at Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
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Working with corpora in the translation classroom

100%
Krüger R.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 4
505-525
EN
This article sets out to illustrate possible applications of electronic corpora in the translation classroom. Starting with a survey of corpus use within corpus-based translation studies, the didactic value of corpora in the translation classroom and their epistemic value in translation teaching and practice will be elaborated. A typology of translation practice-oriented corpora will be presented, and the use of corpora in translation will be positioned within two general models of translation competence. Special consideration will then be given to the design and application of so-called Do-it-yourself (DIY) corpora, which are compiled ad hoc with the aim of completing a specific translation task. In this context, possible sources for retrieving corpus texts will be presented and evaluated and it will be argued that, owing to time and availability constraints in real-life translation, the Internet should be used as a major source of corpus data. After a brief discussion of possible Internet research techniques for targeted and quality-focused corpus compilation, the possible use of the Internet itself as a macro-corpus will be elaborated. The article concludes with a brief presentation of corpus use in translation teaching in the MA in Specialised Translation Programme offered at Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
4
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Lexical exponents of hypothetical modality in Polish and Lithuanian

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Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2012
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issue 12
EN
Lexical exponents of hypothetical modality in Polish and LithuanianThe article focuses on the lexical exponents of hypothetical modality in Polish and Lithuanian. The purpose for comparing and contrasting the lexical exponents of hypothetical modality is not only to identify all the lexemes in both languages but also find the answer to the following question: whether the morphological exponents of hypothetical modality (so-called modus relativus) familiar to the Lithuanian language have/had an influence on limiting the number of the lexical exponents and the frequency of using these exponents in the Lithuanian language (in comparison with Polish).To analyse both the languages there is used the method of theoretical contrastive studies, which the most important features are: (1) orienting the studies from the content grounds to the formal grounds, (2) using a semantic interlanguage as tertium comparationis. First of all, the content of hypothetical modality and its definition and paraphrase is given here. Next, the gradational character of this category is discussed. There are distinguished six groups of lexemes expressing the corresponding degrees of hypothetical modality - from a shadow of uncertainty (minimal degree of probability) to an almost complete certainty (maximum degree of probability). The experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus is widely applied in the studies.
5
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Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic Annotation

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Roszko D.
Cognitive Studies
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2013
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issue 13
EN
Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic AnnotationIn the article the author describes the experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (ECorp-of-Punsk). It is the first corpus of this type for the Lithuanian local dialect. The corpus consists of three subcorpora. The first one (referred to as fundamental) contains utterances given by Lithuanians in the local dialect, the second one – utterances given by Lithuanians in Polish, the third one – aligned Polish-dialectal texts.  The texts recorded in the years 1986–2012 have been included in the Ecorp-of-Punsk resources.
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UNPACKING L2 WRITING RESPONSES: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY ON TEACHER FEEDBACK TO STUDENT WRITING

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Merckle T.
Teaching English with Technology
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2008
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vol. 8
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issue 4
EN
Over the past decades, corpus linguistics has become widespread in studies dealing with applied linguistics. Teachers have become acquainted with corpus lingustic methods and are using computer technology in their professional practice. A well-known example is the learner corpora with which researchers managed to attain invaluable results concerning various aspects of learner language. This article, however, presents a new field within corpus linguistics: the teacher corpus. A corpus on teacher language (instead of learner language) has a lot to offer in terms of methodology and pedagogy.
7
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L’insegnamento della grammatica dell’italiano LS attraverso corpora

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Ivanovska-Naskova R.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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issue 9.1
71-87
IT
L’obiettivo del presente contributo è esaminare la possibilità di utilizzare i corpora nell’insegnamento di argomenti di ordine grammaticale ad apprendenti di italiano LS. Il contributo presenta una proposta didattica basata su corpora e sperimentata con studenti di italiano dell’Università “Ss. Cirillo e Metodio” di Skopje nell’anno accademico 2016/2017. L’ipotesi alla base della proposta didattica è che l’uso diretto e guidato di corpora possa sensibilizzare gli studenti alla problematicità dell’argomento grammaticale trattato, ma anche fornire loro degli strumenti e percorsi per esplorare la lingua in modo autonomo. La prima parte del contributo esamina l’uso dei corpora nell’insegnamento delle lingue straniere con riferimento particolare all’uso dei corpora nell’contesto dell’italiano LS. La parte centrale presenta le attività didattiche proposte sulle frasi concessive e il contesto in cui sono state sperimentate. L’ultima parte verte sulle considerazioni degli studenti riportate in un questionario da una parte e sulle potenzialità e i limiti di questo approccio didattico dall’altra.
EN
The aim of the paper is to explore the possibility of using corpora in teaching grammar to learners of Italian as a foreign language. The paper presents corpus-based activities used with students of Italian at the Saints Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje in 2016/2017. The hypothesis underlying this teaching approach is that direct and guided use of corpora can raise students’ awareness of the complexity of the phenomena observed as well as present them with resources and methods to explore the language more autonomously. The first part of the paper investigates the use of corpora in language teaching, with particular attention to the use of these resources in teaching Italian as a foreign language. The main section describes the activities on concessives and the context in which they have been used. The final part reports on the observations of the students and addresses the advantages and disadvantages of this teaching approach.
8
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Fenomeno della collocabilità ristretta nell’italiano di oggi

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Obstová Z.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 2
33-46
EN
There is a specific combinatorial periphery in any language consisting of words whose combinatorial potential is extremely restricted. These words, which are usually referred to as bound words, unique words, cranberry words or monocollocable words (MWs), belong to small and closed collocation paradigms, their number of collocates ranging from one to a few (usually ± 7). The present article tries to describe the phenomenon of monocollocability in Italian, basing the analysis on a list of Italian MWs extracted from corpora and contained in the book Language Periphery, Monocollocable Words in English, German, Italian and Czech (Čermák et al., 2016). Italian MWs and the fixed combinations in which they occur are analysed in terms of syntactic structures, semantic features, collocation structures and frequency. Monocollocability is a phenomenon subject to change in time: even though MWs are often considered to be “relicts of the past”, the collected data prove that progressive restriction of the combinatorial capacity of certain words can be observed in Present-Day Italian as well.
IT
In tutte le lingue naturali troviamo parole sprovviste di autonomia sintattica e semantica che possono esistere soltanto all’interno di una combinazione lessicale. Queste parole, designate con i termini cranberry words, bound words, unique words o monocollocable words (parole monocollocabili, PM), sono caratterizzate da un raggio collocazionale estremamente ristretto (che va solitamente da 1 fino a ± 7 collocati). Il presente articolo vuole descrivere il fenomeno della monocollocabilità nell’italiano di oggi, basandosi sulle liste delle PM italiane estratte dai corpora e contenute nel libro Language Periphery, Monocollocable Words in English, German, Italian and Czech (Čermák et al., 2016). Le PM italiane e le locuzioni a cui esse fanno capo vengono analizzate sotto il profilo sintattico, semantico, collocazionale e frequenziale. La monocollocabilità è un fenomeno mutevole nel tempo: nonostante le PM vengano spesso considerate “relitti del passato”, i dati raccolti mostrano che una progressiva trasformazione di alcune parole con ampio raggio collocazionale in parole monocollocabili avviene anche nel lessico attuale.
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The emerging definite article ten in (informal spoken) Czech: a further analysis in terms of semantic and pragmatic definiteness

88%
Dvořák J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 4
297-319
EN
The present study, couched within the framework of the Concept Types and Determination theory (CTD) and relying upon corpus data, attempts to provide further evidence for the claim that Czech, especially its informal spoken variety, is developing a definite article from the distance-neutral demonstrative ten in adnominal uses. The CTD theory has proved its utility for studying emerging definite articles in Western Slavic languages in the works of Adrian Czardybon and Albert Ortmann. At its core lies the distinction between the so-called “pragmatic” and “semantic” definiteness. It is generally assumed that emerging definite articles spread from the former to the latter, and the grammaticalization process is considered accomplished once the former demonstrative systematically appears in contexts of semantic definiteness. This study applies the distinction, made by Löbner, to a corpus sample of 1,000 occurrences of the adnominal ten, many of which appear to manifest characteristics typical of definite articles across languages.
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Experimental Polish-Lithuanian Corpus with the Semantic Annotation Elements

88%
Roszko D., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2013
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issue 13
EN
Experimental Polish-Lithuanian Corpus with the Semantic Annotation ElementsIn the article the authors present the experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus (ECorpPL-LT) formed for the idea of Polish-Lithuanian theoretical contrastive studies, a Polish-Lithuanian electronic dictionary, and as help for a sworn translator. The semantic annotation being brought into ECorpPL-LT is extremely useful in Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studies, and also proves helpful in translation work.
11

An emerging future infinitive in present day German?

88%
Reiner T. E.
Open Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
This paper puts forward the hypothesis that there is a future infinitive evolving in present day German and addresses the theoretical consequences that this might have. Section 1 gives the basic definitions as well as some introductory examples. Section 2 presents evidence in favour of the hypothesis, and possible objections are considered in section 3. Finally, section 4 focusses on more theoretical implications.
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Creating a system of annotation for FSP

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Chamonikolasová J., Adam M., Headlandová Kalischová I., Drápela M., Stehlíková L.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 1
9-18
EN
The article presents the recent initiative of the authors of the article to prepare the ground for setting up a corpus of texts annotated from the viewpoint of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP). The authors are followers of Jan Firbas’s approach to information structure, who have carried out a parallel analysis of a text of fiction in search of concepts within the FSP theory that need elaboration. The article outlines the discrepancies between different interpretations of selected phenomena within the text and suggests a refinement of some FSP concepts. It presents a simple FSP tagging system, which allows the annotation of FSP functions and degrees of communicative dynamism carried by communicative units.
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Palatalization in Grammatical Words as Reflected in Unclassified Late Middle English Sources

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Kocel A.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2012
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issue 21/2
4-15
EN
Although palatalization changing [k] into [tS] was most widespread in Southumbria, the previous examination (Kocel 2009, 2010) has already proved that on no account can it be perceived as a homogeneous process. This lack of consistency is reflected in many instances of palatal forms found in the North alongside many nonpalatal ones encountered in the East Midlands and London. Consequently, the substantial number of such “odd” forms seems to defy the existence of clear-cut boundaries between the above mentioned areas, allowing for an unhindered influx and amalgamation of ostensibly dialect-specific variants. The problem appears even more complex, taking into account the vast collection of dialectally unidentified Middle English texts which, containing both palatal and nonpalatal forms, only corroborate the fact that palatalization could not be dialect or even area specific. The multitude of variants present in those texts, a result of the Scandinavian influence and dialectal borrowing, point to the process of the lexical diffusion of these forms across the whole English territory, affecting in particular such high-frequency items as the grammatical words each, much, such and which. The aim of the study, thus, will be to determine the extent of palatalization affecting these grammatical words, through the analysis of the spelling/phonological discrepancies and the distribution of each, much, such and which in unclassified Late Middle English sources. The data come from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose, The Middle English Dictionary and A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English.
14
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The Fates of OE *Durran, Etc in Middle English: A Study in Word Geography

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Tomaszewska M.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2013
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issue 22/2
41-58
EN
OE *durran ‘dare’ is a preterite-present verb and one of six such verbs whose various forms have survived into Modern English. The main feature of the members of the group is that their strong past tense acquired a present meaning, and thus a new weak past tense developed over time. An outline of other characteristic features of these verbs is included in section ‘0’ (introductory remarks), yet the aim of the present paper is to establish the distribution of the verb *durran in Middle English with regard to periods and regions, also considering differences in spelling. Also, the paper examines fixed expressions such as how dare you or I dare say. The Middle English data are derived from the Prose corpus of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts. Additional sources, like the Dictionary of Old English on CD-ROM, the electronic Middle English dictionary and the Oxford English dictionary online are also referred to.
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The IMPACT project Polish Ground-Truth texts as a Djvu corpus

75%
Bień J. S.
Cognitive Studies
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2014
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issue 14
75-84
EN
The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, to describe the already implemented idea of DjVu corpora, i.e. corpora which consist of both scanned images and a transcription of the texts with the words associated with their occurrences in the scans. Secondly, to present a case study of a corpus consisting of almost 5 000 pages of Polish historical texts dating from 1570 to 1756 (it is practically the very first corpus of historical Polish). The tools described have universal character and are freely available under the GNU GPL license, hence they can be used also for other purposes.
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Nominalizované struktury se dvěma aktanty ve formě bezpředložkového genitivu:

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Kolářová V.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 4-5
286-299
EN
Double post-nominal genitives in Czech have thus far been illustrated only by a single type of nominalized structure, e.g., zbavení ženy starostí ‘relieving woman-GEN worry-GEN.PL, i.e. relieving the woman of worries’. In this paper, we specify three other types of double post-nominal genitive constructions and search for their frequency in the Prague Dependency Treebank and in the Czech National Corpus. Although the constructions are rare and less acceptable, we try to show that Czech grammar system allows them. Special attention is paid to nominalizations of support verb constructions; they can be interpreted as one lexical unit which enables them to be used within double post-nominal genitive constructions.
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Není korpus jako korpus: Korpusy v kontrastivní lingvistice a translatologii

63%
Chlumská L.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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vol. 96
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issue 2
221-232
EN
This paper discusses the use of corpora in contrastive linguistics and translation studies. It focuses on terminological issues (how they are referred to in different disciplines and linguistic traditions) as well as on their function in specific contrastive or translation research. It introduces an up-todate typology of multilingual corpora, including parallel, comparable and reciprocal corpora and summarizes the pros and cons of these corpora in corpus-based contrastive linguistics and corpusbased translation studies. One section of the paper also explains the differences of the use of the term corpus-based in different disciplines.
18

Further Frontiers in GIS: Extending Spatial Analysis to Textual Sources in Archaeology

63%
Murrieta-Flores P., Gregory I.
Open Archaeology
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Although the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has a long history in archaeology, spatial technologies have been rarely used to analyse the content of textual collections. A newly developed approach termed Geographic Text Analysis (GTA) is now allowing the semi-automated exploration of large corpora incorporating a combination of Natural Language Processing techniques, Corpus Linguistics, and GIS. In this article we explain the development of GTA, propose possible uses of this methodology in the field of archaeology, and give a summary of the challenges that emerge from this type of analysis.
19

Towards an integrated corpus stylistics

63%
McIntyre D.
Topics in Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 16
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issue 1
59-68
EN
Over recent years, the use of corpora in stylistic analysis has grown in popularity. However, questions still remain over the remit of corpus stylistics, its distinction from corpus linguistics generally and its capacity to explain complex stylistic effects. This article argues in favour of an integrated corpus stylistics; that is, an approach to corpus stylistics that integrates it with other stylistic methods and analytical frameworks. I suggest that this approach is needed for two main reasons: (i) it is analytically necessary in order to fully explain stylistic effects in texts, and (ii) integrating corpus methods with other stylistic tools is what will distinguish corpus stylistics from corpus linguistics. My argument is supported by reference to examples from Mark Haddon’s no vel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time and the HBO TV series Deadwood. Both these examples rely for their explanation on a combination of corpus stylistic analytical techniques and other stylistic methods of analysis.
20
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Monokolokabilita ve dvou typologicky odlišných jazycích: srovnání češtiny a italštiny

51%
Obstová Z.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2017
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vol. 99
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issue 2
225-244
EN
The present study deals with the phenomenon of extremely restricted collocability (monocollocability) in Czech and Italian. On the basis of a list of words with the highest degree of monocollocability extracted from corpora with the aid of the so called Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), we try to analyse this little-explored phenomenon in both languages. Monocollocable words (MW, often referred to as cranberry words) and the fixed combinations in which they occur are investigated in terms of syntactic and collocation structures, frequency and diacronic development. In the light of corpus evidence, the phenomenon of extremely restricted collocability appears more complex than originally believed. The paper shows that MW in both languages form a very heterogeneous category and that many differences between Czech and Italian monocollocable structures can be explained by typological (e.g. the degree of nominal inflection) or historical factors.
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