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EN
The study is a part of the research on the couching method as a tool for adult personality development related to the managerial potential development. The aim was to find out differences between subjectively and objectively measured levels of managerial potential in a research sample and to compare differences in their positions as managers and non-managers. The study was based on the conception of managerial potential development. The article gives results of the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI) where the managerial potential was measured in seven competencies. The results were compared with the research sample’s self-assessment in a questionnaire of own design. The finding was that managers achieved better results in objectively measured competencies than in subjectively measured competencies. They scored highest in the objectively measured managerial competence Inquisitive and lowest in the objectively measured managerial competence Adjustment. Candidates achieved better results in objectively measured competencies than in subjectively measured competencies. They scored highest in the objectively measured managerial competence Interpersonal Sensitivity and lowest in the objectively measured managerial competence Adjustment. In subjective self-assessment, managers achieved higher mean scores than candidates in the competence Ambition. Managers, again, scored higher than candidates in subjective assessment of the competence Inquisitive. In subjective assessment, candidates scored highest in the managerial competence Interpersonal Sensitivity and lowest in the managerial competence Learning Approach. There were no statistically significant differences between managers and candidates for managerial positions in the managerial potential.
EN
My goal in this paper is to strengthen the critical awareness of educators working within the discourse of lifelong learning. In my analysis of the main assumptions and aims of the discourses of tutoring, mentoring and coaching, I employ Michel Foucault’s critical concepts such as disciplinary and pastoral power, bio-power, normalisation and optimisation of individuals, subjectivisation, and techniques of the self. I further argue that the Foucauldian critique of these “methods” of education, newly bred within andragogy and counselling, allows one to identify them as menacingly effective strategies of power, which works towards generating a new model of human subjectivity, socially and economically desired in the era of rabid capitalism. My intention is not to condemn the theory and practice of the new educational methods, such as tutoring. What interests me is to demonstrate that, thanks to tools offered by M. Foucault’s texts, lofty goals of the very idea of lifelong learning can have its second, more ambivalent side, which not all pedagogists can or want to consider. In a creative dialogue with the assumptions of the emancipatory pedagogy I try to outline an alternative space for a discussion about the policy of lifelong learning and its subsequent inventions – a discussion that perhaps shows less enthusiasm from the one in publications of some lifelong learning theoreticians, but regarding the critical and philosophical aspects it is embedded deeper.
PL
Celem tego tekstu jest wyostrzenie świadomości krytycznej dyskursu całożyciowego uczenia się. Opierając się na myśli M. Foucaulta i posługując wypracowanymi przezeń pojęciami, takimi jak: władza dyscyplinarna, władza pastoralna i bio-władza, normalizacja i optymalizacja, ujarzmienie, zarządzanie mentalnością, techniki siebie, badam główne założenia i cele tutoringu/mentoringu/coachingu i próbuję je kwestionować poprzez dostrzeżenie w nich technik władzy skrycie pracującej na rzecz trenowania nowego, społecznie i ekonomicznie pożądanego typu podmiotowości w dobie turbokapitalizmu. Moją intencją nie jest potępianie teorii i praktyki nowych metod kształcenia, takich jak tutoring. Co mnie interesuje, to pokazanie dzięki narzędziom oferowanym przez teksty M. Foucaulta, że szczytne cele, jakie przyświecają samej idei lifelong learningu mogą mieć swoją drugą, bardziej ambiwalentną stronę, którą nie wszyscy pedagogowie umieją czy chcą uwzględnić. W twórczym dialogu z ustaleniami pedagogiki emancypacyjnej usiłuję zatem zarysować alternatywną przestrzeń dla dyskusji o polityce całożyciowego uczenia się i jej kolejnych wynalazkach – dyskusji wykazującej być może niższy poziom entuzjazmu od tego, jaki płynie z publikacji niektórych teoretyków kształcenia ustawicznego, za to osadzonej głębiej pod względem krytycznym i filozoficznym.
EN
From 1705 to 1708 the French Royal Academy of Sciences studied the question of the origin of the blindness by a glaucomatous crystalline lens or by an opaque membrane. The analysis of the proceeding registers of the Academy permit to understand the evolution towards the revision of the century-olds concepts concerning the anatomical position and nature of cataract, the vocabulary and the concept of cataract surgery by couching.
PL
W latach 1705–1708 Francuska Królewska Akademia Nauk zajmowała się zagadnieniem pochodzenia utraty widzenia w przypadku jaskrowych zmian soczewki oraz obecności nieprzejrzystej błony. Analiza archiwów tej instytucji pozwala zrozumieć ewolucję poglądów na temat patogenezy zaćmy obejmującą położenie anatomiczne i naturę zaćmy, terminologię oraz zasady operacji zepchnięcia zaćmy do komory ciała szklistego.
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