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Rola Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów w zakresie transakcji z wykorzystaniem kart płatniczych ze szczególnym uwzgęldnieniem klauzul niedozwolonych

100%
Staszczyk M., Łódzki U.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2012
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vol. 274
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems associated with entering into transactions using payment cards, with particular emphasis on the protection of the rights of the weakest participants in the market – consumers. In the first passage brought closer to develop a general outline of the mission and methods UOKIK its completion. Then presents the problem of unfair market practices contained in the general clauses. The article also attempts to identify the main activities of the UOKIK in order to eliminate them. At the end of the key issues identified related to the general clauses that may occur in the future.
2
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The legality and equity of pre-dispute mandatory arbitration clauses in the credit card contracts under the current Kuwaiti arbitration law: a comparative analytical study

75%
Alhusainan A.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 2
113-127
EN
While the enforceability of arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, notably credit card contracts, has been well developed in some jurisdictions like the United States and the Czech Republic, the issue has not yet arisen in Kuwait, largely because the development of the credit card sector is relatively new, but, more importantly, because the arbitration system has generally been limited in practice to specific contexts that have not yet included consumer disputes in relation to credit cards. This article examines both the likelihood that Kuwaiti financial institutions will adopt pre-dispute mandatory arbitration clauses in credit card agreements in the near future, and the likelihood that those clauses, often significantly unfair to consumers, will be enforced under current Kuwaiti laws. It proposes amendments to relevant Kuwaiti legislation to mitigate the harshness of the enforcement of these clauses in the consumer credit card context and to provide greater balance between the interests of card issuers and cardholders.
3
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Rozwój rynku kart płatniczych w Polsce na tle pozostałych krajów Unii Europejskiej

51%
Idzik M., Sobczak K.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2018
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issue 1
77-95
PL
Celem badania jest identyfikacja i projekcja tendencji rozwoju rynku płatności bezgotówkowych w Polsce w zakresie wykorzystywania kart płatniczych. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych Europejskiego Banku Centralnego (EBC) dla krajów UE za lata 2000—2014. Zastosowano metodę analogii przestrzenno-czasowych. W Polsce obserwuje się wyższą niż średnia UE dynamikę wykorzystania kart płatniczych w płatnościach przy terminalach POS (w punktach handlowych). Jednakże pod względem takich mierników, jak liczba kart płatniczych per capita oraz liczba terminali POS i bankomatów na 1 mln mieszkańców zaobserwowano ponad 10-letni dystans dzielący Polskę od średniej UE. Rynek w Polsce wykazał podobieństwo do 20 krajów UE i utrzymanie tendencji rozwojowych przynajmniej do roku 2020.
EN
The aim of this article is to identify and project trends in the development of the non-cash payment market in Poland in terms of the payment cards use. The study was carried out on the basis of data from the European Central Bank (ECB) for EU countries for the years 2000—2014. The space-time analogy method was used. In Poland, the dynamics of payments by card at POS terminals (in commercial outlets) is higher than the EU average. However, in terms of such measures as the number of payment cards per capita as well as the number of POS terminals and ATMs per 1 million inhabitants, the gap between Poland and the EU average is over 10 years. In Poland, market was similar to 20 EU countries and will maintain development trends at least until 2020.
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