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Artefakt kulturowy w humanistyce

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This article is devoted to the concept of an artifact, as derived from older methodological knowledge (J. Białostocki and E. Panofsky), which has been broadened to include new indicators, such as changes of the virtual era as well as the categories of experience and reflections on narration. By reconstructing the phenomenon of artifacts, the author refers to the category of ‘reality’ accordingto Heidegger and W. Toporow as well as the ideas of a ‘sign’ and ‘theme’, and Polish artistic practice (T. Kantor and Z. Herbert). The concept is situated within the arts as well as within a contextualized area of the social sciences (an actant) and aims to offer new perspectives on the study of culture.
EN
Based on the analysis of scientific sources there are ways of typing the concept of culture in the article. It outlines the scientific and methodological foundations of cultural approach to teaching of Ukrainian language students of the specialty 061 “Journalism” in the conditions of educational process of universities of the I–II levels of accreditation and ways of its realization in the context of the course “Ukrainian language for professional direction”.There are examples of tasks for practical classes with Ukrainian language of the professional direction for future journalists.It provides a scheme oriented cultural analysis of the text. The study used: methods of theoretical analysis of scientific sources; study and generalization of the advanced experience in the introduction of innovative changes within the educational process of higher education institutions of the I–II levels of accreditation. Advanced technologies for the realization of culturological approach to teaching Ukrainian language students of the specialty 061 “Journalism” in the conditions of educational process of universities of the I–II levels of accreditation of Ukraine are defined as: creation of cultural studies clubs; methodological support of the discipline “Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)” on the basis of linguistic and cross-cultural, ethno-linguistic material; creation of centers of multicultural development;development of a system of laboratories of international cultural cooperation; development of copyright design technology, which will be based on specific subjects, such as “Ukrainian language in dialogue of cultures”; “Foundations of regional geography”; “Multicultural environment”. The methodological foundation of cultural technologies, of course, must be presented through innovative techniques, tools, methods, forms of educational activities and cooperation with students: theatre, discussion, debate, electives, design technology, games, presentations, case-system, communication discourse training and so on. The choice of methods, receptions, means of training depends on the methodological competence of the teacher of Ukrainian language and literature, understanding the importance of problems of development of cultural personality of the future journalist, their attitude to the linguistic and cultural heritage of the nation and the desire of students to develop the skills of personal and intercultural communication.
EN
This article undertakes the issue of defining film phenomena which put forward questions of a primary religious nature (about the meaning of life, source of evil, life after death, the existence of Absolute, etc.) in a way that is independent from major religious traditions. The author posits that describing this phenomenon in the case of European film culture is done best by employing the philosophical thought of postsecularism. Utilizing Mieke Bal’s method of cultural analysis, the author takes as an example the term “sacrifice” to point to the existence of different models by which religious topics are undertaken by the cinema. This leads to a preliminary typology of the phenomenon which differentiates between ‘apologetic’ and ‘critical’ films and, furthermore, between films that refer to particular religious traditions and those expressing a postsecular perspective.
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