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Źródła antropologii Juliana Haynesa Stewarda

100%
Sadowski R. F.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2006
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vol. 4
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issue 1
49-60
EN
Julian H. Steward claims that he is the only author of an anthropological approach called cultural ecology and no one affected him in the process of working out the concept. However, this essay shows that there are three main sources that influenced Steward: social and natural environment, family and educational background, and intellectual community. All of these sources affected him on different levels but without their influence Steward would not create such an original concept of anthropological approach. M s essay points out the importance of Steward’s hard work on a farm during his study in Deep Springs College and the significance of the natural environment of California. It emphasizes the role of Steward’s parents, his college educators, and professors in Berkeley, as well as his personal experience during the Great Depression. Finally, this article describes the influence of the intellectual community on Steward, especially by F. Boas, A. Kroeber, and publications of T. R. Malthus, C. D. Forde, C. O. Sauer, and many others.
2
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Sztuka jako narzędzie budowania relacji między człowiekiem a naturą

100%
Czerwińska K.
Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne
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2017
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vol. 17
103-114
EN
The article focuses on art understood as a tool for building relationships between man and nature, and the resulting participation of man in nature. The character of this tool, that is art, is dependent on the development of philosophical thoughts and the level of civilization, and has changed together with the development of culture. Recently, under the influence of the progressive degradation of the natural environment, artistic activities are ecologically oriented. However, it is an observable fact that the “taming” of nature through art makes one function more easily in the existing reality.
3
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Rola ekologii kulturowej w badaniach środowiskowych

100%
Sadowski R. F.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2009
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vol. 26
171-184
EN
Cultural ecology examines in a systematic way the interdependence between the environment, technology and the patterns of human behaviour. It employs methods typical of the social sciences in order to describe the processes of adaptation and the transformations of the given communities in the natural environment proper for them. Fully developed formulation of cultural ecology took place in Julian Steward’s book Theory of Culture Change (1955). The idea of cultural ecology initiated by Julian Steward has undergone a serious transformation and today it can hardly be called a uniform and coherent scientific concept. On the contrary, one can say that it attracts scientists representing a very wide spectrum of disciplines and who examine very diverse phenomena. The only thing they seem to have in common is the fact that all of them point to the connection between the technology used, the natural environment, and human behaviour. Cultural ecology is a still valid method of analysing old and new problems concerning the interdependence of small groups of people and the natural environment. It is particularly useful for examining the communities of hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, preindustrial cultivators as well as contemporary rural societies. It seems that this concept still has potential, which has not been fully employed yet. The best proof for the vitality of this idea is constant reflection concerning it and the successive attempts at improving it; together with the voices of constructive criticism they warrant that cultural ecology holds its place among several other approaches analysing the relationship between man and the natural environment.
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Ewolucja poglądów Juliana Haynesa Stewarda na temat ekologii kulturowej

75%
Sadowski R. F.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2007
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vol. 5
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issue 1
61-73
EN
Julian H. Steward is the author of anthropological approach called cultural ecology. Steward had been working on the concept for about forty years and used that approach in both his theoretical and field works, the version of cultural ecology presented in his most famous work Theory of Culture Change (1955) is significantly different than the form of the approach published in 1968. The goal of this essay is to present evolution in Steward’s understanding of cultural ecology, and to show the differences between the two main versions of the approach, the main difference between them is the disaperence of cultural core and three procedures - ideas which were the basis of the earlier form of cultural ecology. Changes in Steward’s approach caused problems for his other concept, especially for multilinear evolution of culture and the concept of types of culture.
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