Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 10

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  demographic crisis
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The issue of multidimensional changes taking place in rural areas has become a subject of interest to both sociologists, gerontoeducators, economists and management experts. The detailed analysis of rural areas under conditions of ambiguity and clear differences in their characteristic features (depopulation, suburbanization) enables taking into consideration not only trends of alterations, but also their causes, consequences and corrective measures in the development strategy. In this context, the analysis of the changes that have occurred in rural areas in the Opole voivodeship in 2000-2010 in the perspective of 2035 seems to be especially interesting. The main aim of the article is to draw attention to the impact of socio-economic conditioning (demography, migration, economic and professional activity) on contemporary and authentic view of the fine, but clearly aging country in the Opole voivodeship, burdened with adverse population growth and high net migration rate.
EN
Demographic trends of the Italian population are more and more problematic. The shrink of births, the growing of deaths and the ageing of population will be the main issues to manage in next decades both for economic and socio cultural equilibrium of the Italian society. New policies more family oriented and a best commitment to foster human capital, both immigrants and young Italian people too frequently addressed abroad, are more and more requested to give proper answers to a demographic crisis that could be even more devastating than the economic one.
EN
The article deals with demographic questions on the basis of baptism (birth) registers from eleven parishes situated in various parts of Southern Lesser Poland. A special attention has been paid to the periods when in all the analysed parishes there was a sharp and substantial decrease in births. Thus, two major crises (1714–1715 and 1735–1736) and a few milder ones (1675, 1691, 1694, 1699–1700, 1709–1710, 1732 and 1746) have been identified. A detailed quarterly observation of fecundations during the selected three crises (the first half of the 1690s, 1714–1715, and 1736–1736) juxtaposed with the quarterly prices of rye, oats, buckwheat, and peas from Cracow and Warsaw prove that they were food crises. It has been confirmed by narrative sources, which mention a severe famine in 1714–1715 and 1736–1736. Those years of famine coincided with the years when the quantity of corn sent to Gdańsk was at the lowest level in the first half of the 18th century.
EN
The article examines the effects of influence of demographic policy on the formation and development of human resources in Latvia. The objective of the article aims to determine “weak points” of population system’s policy and develop the conceptual proposals that will resolve existing disputes. The main indicators characterizing a demographic situation in Latvia are analysed. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of deep demographic crisis in Latvia. Without taking effective measures to improve the demographic situation, the population of Latvia will decrease dramatically. In the conclusion, the proposals on the increasing the effectiveness of the system of demographic policy in Latvia were put forward.
EN
Poland has serious demographic problems, inter alia: massive economic emigration of young people and dramatically low population growth. The start of family friendly Program called “Rodzina 500 Plus” is planned on April 2016. Its aim will be to provide an impulse to the procreative attitudes of polish families in the character of financial benefits for upbringing children from their birth to maturity. The main purpose of the article is to compare publicly declared pillars of Program with the constitutional requirements and with the aims of social market economy. Moreover the author is going to analyze: the demographical situation of Poland, social market economy features and previous types of family benefits in Poland.
PL
Polska ma poważne problemy demograficzne, m.in. masową emigrację zarobkową młodych ludzi z kraju oraz dramatycznie niski przyrost naturalny. W połowie 2016 r. ruszył program „Rodzina 500 plus”. Jego głównym celem jest dostarczenie impulsu prokreacyjnego rodzinom w postaci wsparcia finansowego za posiadanie i wychowanie dzieci od urodzenia do osiągnięcia przez dziecko 18. roku życia. W artykule dokonano porównania deklarowanych publicznie filarów tego programu z zapisami prawnymi zawartymi w Konstytucji RP oraz z celami społecznej gospodarki rynkowej. Ponadto w artykule opisane zostały: sytuacja demograficzna Polski, cechy społecznej gospodarki rynkowej oraz rodzaje świadczeń rodzinnych w Polsce.
6
Content available remote

The depopulation of the Bulgarian villages

75%
EN
The depopulation process in Bulgaria, especially in rural areas, is intensifying due to deepening unfavourable trends in the dynamics of demographic processes. Depopulation is a typical process in the fourth phase of demographic transition in rural areas of Bulgaria. The death rates exceed birth rates in the rural areas in the mid-1970s. The size of rural population and the number of villages in the country has been decreasing in the last decades. A large part of the villages were affected by depopulation processes during the period 1985-2007. A high depopulation level is observed in border and mountainous regions. The depopulation generates an array of different negative trends in the spatial aspect - in socio-economic development, technical and social infrastructure, as well as the erasure of many small villages. The regional development plans need to embed measures for infrastructural development in order to attract and retain residents, utilise natural and cultural-historical heritage, and to stimulate economic activities and the development of various types of tourism, etc.
EN
The family and all the types of social behaviour that were directly associated with it, its stability and sacred dimension created the natural and obvious world of the social life, the fundamental reality of culture that once for all became the “symbolic structure of reference” when man, in his/her adult life, was improving family experiences in a creative way, as well as when he/she was denying them. In the situation of axiological turmoil of culture, the family starts to be losing its privileged position in the structures of the social world. The significance of its existence as the fundamental group and social institution, the environment for social personality maturation becomes weaker. It is more and more common that family understood in a traditional way becomes unnecessary in the contemporary world. Demographic crisis is first of all the crisis of values and the crisis of the man as a value; the crisis of the family that is the natural educational environment. The future of every society depends on the state of its family. The question concerning the shape of the family is the question of the shape of the society, the nation and the State.
EN
Based on the demographic trends in Japan during the times of Shinzō Abe and after his departure from power in September 2020, it can be concluded that also during his long rule, neither a permanent break in the decline in the birth rate nor a halt to the shrinking of the country's population were successful. Despite this, it seems reasonable to present the current state of demographic changes in Japan in the light of Japanese sources and, on its basis, with reference to the instruments of social policy, to analyze what has been (not) done in the title regard. All because these consequences do not only affect the Land of the Rising Sun. Therefore, by serving as an example, they enable, on the one hand, a more accurate recognition of the causes of the processes in question, and on the other hand, they allow for the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures being implemented, which would also be applicable in other countries in the course of correcting their own demographic policy.
PL
Na podstawie trendów demograficznych w Japonii za czasów Shinzō Abe oraz po jego odejściu od władzy we wrześniu 2020 można stwierdzić, że również w okresie jego długiego rządzenia nie powiodło się ani trwałe przełamanie spadku wskaźnika urodzeń, ani też zahamowanie procesu kurczenia się populacji tego kraju. Mimo to zasadne wydaje się jednak przedstawienie w świetle źródeł japońskich współczesnego stanu przemian demograficznych w Japonii i, na jego podstawie, z odwołaniem się do instrumentarium polityki społecznej przeanalizowanie, co w tytułowym względzie zostało (nie)zrobione. Wszystko dlatego, że przedmiotowe następstwa nie dotykają jedynie Kraju Kwitnącej Wiśni. Służąc zatem swoim przykładem umożliwiają z jednej strony bardziej trafne rozpoznanie przyczyn rzeczonych procesów, z drugiej zaś pozwalają na ocenę skuteczności wdrażanych środków, które miałyby znaleźć zastosowanie także w innych państwach w trakcie korygowania ich własnej polityki demograficznej.
9
63%
PL
Analizując główne zagrożenia dla Polski należy najpierw podkreślić, że Polska nie stanowi centrum, a w przyszłości zapewne peryferie kapitalizmu. Za główne zagrożenie globalne uznaje się kryzys demograficzny, z różnymi konsekwencjami – starzeniem się społeczeństw itp. Innymi zagrożeniami są kurczące się zasoby pracy, masowe migracje, zagrożenia przełomu cywilizacyjnego związanego z rewolucją informacyjną, niedostatki polskiego systemu edukacji i badań, zmiany w środowisku naturalnym i możliwość zagrożenia trwałego rozwoju.
EN
The paper stresses that Poland is not a central country of the capitalist system and will possibly develop into its periphery. The paper identifies, as the main global threat for Poland, the demographic crisis with diverse consequences, such as ageing societies, etc. Other threats are shrinking reserves of labour, mass migrations, threats of civilization turn resulting from informational revolution, shortages of Polish system of science and education, changes in natural environment and the possibility of threats to sustainable development.
PL
Kryzysy gospodarcze są nieodłącznym elementem wpisanym w funkcjonowanie gospodarki rynkowej. Jednakże każdy kryzys gospodarczy różni się pod jakimś względem od innych, co wynika z tego, że może być bardzo wiele czynników wywołujących to zjawisko. Ponadto przebieg i oddziaływanie kryzysu może być bardzo różne. Jednym z czynników mogących przyczynić się do recesji gospodarczej mogą być niekorzystne zmiany demograficzne, a wśród nich starzenie się społeczeństwa. Starzenie się może powodować wiele negatywnych konsekwencji, jak chociażby problemy na rynku pracy wynikające ze spadku odsetka osób w wieku produkcyjnym, problemy w obszarze systemu emerytalno-rentowego, polegające na wzroście wpłacanych świadczeń w stosunku do wielkości wpływów. Starzenie się społeczeństwa jest faktem o którym demografowie wypowiadają się w sposób jednoznaczny. Z punktu widzenia ekonomicznego ważne jest aby ten stan rzeczy obrócić w szansę. Odpowiedzią na problemy starzenia się może być koncepcja srebrnej gospodarki, postulująca podejmowanie działań w kierunku zaspokajania potrzeb starszej części społeczeństwa poprzez oferowanie im dóbr i usług, których potrzebują, a z drugiej strony zwracająca uwagę na konieczność zawodowego i społecznego zagospodarowania seniorów. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie możliwości wykorzystania postulatów srebrnej gospodarki do łagodzenia pojawiających się w gospodarce stanów recesji. W ramach rozważań przybliżono naturę kryzysów gospodarczych, istotę trendu srebrnej gospodarki, a w dalszej kolejności przeprowadzono analizę konsekwencji starzenia się z perspektywy rynku pracy. Dociekania przeprowadzono metodą desk research.
EN
Economic crises are inherent to the functioning of the free market economy. However, every economic crisis different in some respect from one another, due to the fact that there are many factors that cause this phenomenon. In addition, the course and the impact of the crisis can be very different. One of the factors that may contribute to the economic recession may be disadvantageous demographic changes, including aging population. Aging can cause many negative consequences, like the labor market problems resulting from a decrease in the proportion of people in working age, the problems in the pension (retirement) system, resulting from the growth of outgoing transfers in relation to the size of transfers feeding the system. Aging of societies in developed countries is the fact demographers speak clearly about for two last decades. From the economic point of view, it is important to turn this situation of threat into an opportunity. The answer to the demographic changes can be the concept of silver economy, that postulates taking action towards satisfying the needs of the older part of the society by offering goods and services they need, while giving attention to the necessity of professional and social development of seniors beneficial to the society, on the other hand. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using silver economy to mitigate economic recession in its early stage. The paper also highlights the nature of economic crises, the essence of silver trend of the economy, followed by an analysis of the impact of aging from the perspective of the labor market. Investigations are performed by desk research of the author.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.